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πίπτω: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b> (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Att.), aor. <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπετον</b> (Dor. Aeol.), <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπεσον</b> (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. <b class="b3">πεπτ-εῶτ</b>', <b class="b3">-εῶτας</b> (ep.), nom. <b class="b3">-ηώς</b> (Ion.; also of <b class="b3">πτήσσω</b>), <b class="b3">-ώς</b> (trag.), ind. <b class="b3">πέπτωκα</b>, ptc. <b class="b3">-ωκώς</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. <b class="b3">πότ-μος</b> m. <b class="b2">(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death</b> (ep. poet. Il.). 2. <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b> n., often w. prefix (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc. from <b class="b3">συμ-πίπτειν</b> etc.) in diff. senses, <b class="b2">fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse</b> (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (inscr. Asia Minor), <b class="b3">-ματίς</b> f. <b class="b2">tumbling cup</b> (Mosch. ap. Ath.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">inclined towards falling etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> <b class="b2">to bring down</b> (hell.) with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">falling sickness</b> (Ptol.). 3. <b class="b3">πτῶ-σις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc.) f. [[fall]] (Hp., Att.), a.o. <b class="b2">fall of the die</b>, from where as gramm. term <b class="b2">form of flection, case</b> (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-σιμος</b> <b class="b2">brought down</b> (A.; after <b class="b3">ἁλώσιμος</b>? Arbenz 80), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>πίπτω a.o.) [[inflectable]] (Gramm.). 4. <b class="b3">πέσ-ος</b> n. [[corpse]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">fall, the fallen down, the corpse</b> (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[plunge]] (vase-inscr.; after <b class="b3">πτῶμα</b>). 5. <b class="b3">-πετής</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">falling down, blundering into smth.</b> resp. <b class="b2">falling over, prepared, rash</b> with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πέτ-εια</b> f. (IA.); also in compounds as <b class="b3">εὑ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">to turn out well, convenient, fortunate</b> with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (IA.); <b class="b3">διι-πετής</b> s. v. 6. <b class="b3">-πτώς</b> in <b class="b3">ἀ-πτώς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶτος</b> <b class="b2">not falling</b> (Pi., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-πτης</b> in <b class="b3">ἀπτης</b> (inscr. Olympia)? -- On [[ποταμός]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*petH-</b> [[fly]], [[fall]].<br />Etymology: The remarkable <b class="b3">σ</b> for <b class="b3">τ</b> in IA. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> and <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b> is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair <b class="b3">πίπτω</b> (with [[ī]] after <b class="b3">ῥίπτω</b>?): <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b> agrees with <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b> : <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>; to this the disyllabic fut. <b class="b3">πεσέ-ομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b> and the full grades <b class="b3">πτω-</b>, <b class="b3">πτη-</b> in <b class="b3">πέ-πτω-κα</b>, <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, <b class="b3">πε-πτη-ώς</b> cannot be compared with <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γνή-σιος</b> which has <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵn̥h₁-</b> (not here <b class="b3">γνωτός</b>?; s. on <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b>), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b> (<b class="b3">-νῶ</b>) with <b class="b3">ι</b> as in several <b class="b3">ν-</b>presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in <b class="b3">πέτομαι</b> [[fly]]; the meaning [[fall]] is also found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">pátati</b>. A point of contact show the fut. <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">pati-ṣyáti</b>; morpholog. close are also <b class="b3">πότμος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">pát-man-</b> n. [[flight]], [[course]], [[path]] (would be Gr. <b class="b3">*πέτμα</b>). -- Further s. [[πέτομαι]]; cf. also [[πτήσσω]] and [[πίτυλος]] (which hardly belongs here). | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b> (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Att.), aor. <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπετον</b> (Dor. Aeol.), <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπεσον</b> (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. <b class="b3">πεπτ-εῶτ</b>', <b class="b3">-εῶτας</b> (ep.), nom. <b class="b3">-ηώς</b> (Ion.; also of <b class="b3">πτήσσω</b>), <b class="b3">-ώς</b> (trag.), ind. <b class="b3">πέπτωκα</b>, ptc. <b class="b3">-ωκώς</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. <b class="b3">πότ-μος</b> m. <b class="b2">(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death</b> (ep. poet. Il.). 2. <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b> n., often w. prefix (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc. from <b class="b3">συμ-πίπτειν</b> etc.) in diff. senses, <b class="b2">fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse</b> (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (inscr. Asia Minor), <b class="b3">-ματίς</b> f. <b class="b2">tumbling cup</b> (Mosch. ap. Ath.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">inclined towards falling etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> <b class="b2">to bring down</b> (hell.) with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">falling sickness</b> (Ptol.). 3. <b class="b3">πτῶ-σις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc.) f. [[fall]] (Hp., Att.), a.o. <b class="b2">fall of the die</b>, from where as gramm. term <b class="b2">form of flection, case</b> (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-σιμος</b> <b class="b2">brought down</b> (A.; after <b class="b3">ἁλώσιμος</b>? Arbenz 80), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>πίπτω a.o.) [[inflectable]] (Gramm.). 4. <b class="b3">πέσ-ος</b> n. [[corpse]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">fall, the fallen down, the corpse</b> (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[plunge]] (vase-inscr.; after <b class="b3">πτῶμα</b>). 5. <b class="b3">-πετής</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">falling down, blundering into smth.</b> resp. <b class="b2">falling over, prepared, rash</b> with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πέτ-εια</b> f. (IA.); also in compounds as <b class="b3">εὑ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">to turn out well, convenient, fortunate</b> with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (IA.); <b class="b3">διι-πετής</b> s. v. 6. <b class="b3">-πτώς</b> in <b class="b3">ἀ-πτώς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶτος</b> <b class="b2">not falling</b> (Pi., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-πτης</b> in <b class="b3">ἀπτης</b> (inscr. Olympia)? -- On [[ποταμός]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*petH-</b> [[fly]], [[fall]].<br />Etymology: The remarkable <b class="b3">σ</b> for <b class="b3">τ</b> in IA. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> and <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b> is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair <b class="b3">πίπτω</b> (with [[ī]] after <b class="b3">ῥίπτω</b>?): <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b> agrees with <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b> : <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>; to this the disyllabic fut. <b class="b3">πεσέ-ομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b> and the full grades <b class="b3">πτω-</b>, <b class="b3">πτη-</b> in <b class="b3">πέ-πτω-κα</b>, <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, <b class="b3">πε-πτη-ώς</b> cannot be compared with <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γνή-σιος</b> which has <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵn̥h₁-</b> (not here <b class="b3">γνωτός</b>?; s. on <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b>), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b> (<b class="b3">-νῶ</b>) with <b class="b3">ι</b> as in several <b class="b3">ν-</b>presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in <b class="b3">πέτομαι</b> [[fly]]; the meaning [[fall]] is also found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">pátati</b>. A point of contact show the fut. <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">pati-ṣyáti</b>; morpholog. close are also <b class="b3">πότμος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">pát-man-</b> n. [[flight]], [[course]], [[path]] (would be Gr. <b class="b3">*πέτμα</b>). -- Further s. [[πέτομαι]]; cf. also [[πτήσσω]] and [[πίτυλος]] (which hardly belongs here). | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=<br />A. to [[fall]], [[fall]] [[down]], Hom., etc.; πίπτειν ἐν κονίηισιν to [[fall]] in the [[dust]], i. e. to [[fall]] and lie [[there]], Il.; π. ἐν δεμνίοις Eur., etc.; or without ἐν, πεδίωι πίπτειν Il.; π. δεμνίοις Eur.; also, π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od.; ἐπὶ γᾶι Soph.; πρὸς πέδωι Eur.; with a Prep. of [[motion]], π. ἐς πόντον Hes.; ἐπὶ γᾶν Aesch.; πρὸς [[οὖδας]] Eur.<br />B. Special usages:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> πίπτειν ἔν τισι to [[fall]] [[violently]] [[upon]], [[attack]], ἐνὶ [[νήεσσι]] πέσωμεν Il.; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[throw]] [[oneself]] [[down]], [[fall]] [[down]], πρὸς [[βρέτη]] [[θεῶν]] Aesch.; ἀμφὶ [[γόνυ]] τινός Eur.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[fall]] in [[battle]], πίπτε δὲ [[λαός]] Il., etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the [[fallen]], Xen.; π. [[δορί]] by the [[spear]], Eur.; —π. ὑπό τινος to [[fall]] by [[another]]'s [[hand]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[fall]], be [[ruined]], ὁ Jέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' [[ἑωυτοῦ]] ἔπεσε, Lat. [[mole]] sua corruit, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to [[fall]], [[sink]], [[ἄνεμος]] [[πέσε]] the [[wind]] [[fell]] (so Virg. cadunt austri), Od.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[fall]] [[short]], [[fail]], Plat.; of a [[play]], to [[fail]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> ἐκ θυμοῦ πίπτειν τινί to [[fall]] out of his [[favour]], Il.; so, π. ἐξ ἐλπίδων Eur.: —[[reversely]], π. ἐς κακότητα Theogn.; εἰς νόσον Aesch.; φόβον, ἀνάγκας Eur., Thuc., etc.; also, π. ἐν φόβωι Eur.; π. δυσπραξίαις Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> π. εἰς [[ὕπνον]] to [[fall]] [[asleep]], Soph.; or [[simply]] ὕπνωι Aesch.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> πίπτειν [[μετὰ]] ποσσὶ γυναικός to [[fall]] [[between]] her feet, i. e. to be [[born]], Il.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> of the [[dice]], τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα [[θήσομαι]] I shall [[count]] my [[master]]'s throws [[good]] or [[lucky]], Aesch.; so of lots, ὁ [[κλῆρος]] π. τινί or [[παρά]] τινα Plat.; ἐπί τινα NTest.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[generally]], to [[fall]], [[turn]] out, εὖ, [[καλῶς]] πίπτειν to be [[lucky]], Eur., etc.<br /><b class="num">VI.</b> to [[fall]] under, belong to a class, Arist. | |||
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