ῥυθμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. ῥυσμός (v. infr. <span class="bibl">111</span>, IV), ὁ: (ῥέω):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[any regular recurring motion]] (πᾶς ῥ. ὡρισμένῃ μετρεῖται κινήσει <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>882b2</span>): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[measured motion]], [[time]], whether in sound or motion, <span class="bibl">Democr.15c</span>; = [[ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>665a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">672e</span>; ὁ ῥ. ἐκ τοῦ ταχέος καὶ βραδέος, ἐκ διενηνεγμένων πρότερον, ὕστερον δὲ ὁμολογησάντων γέγονε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>187b</span>, cf. Suid. s.v.; [[rhythm]], opp. <b class="b3">μέτρον</b> and <b class="b3">ἁρμονία</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>638</span> sq., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>397b</span>, <span class="bibl">398d</span>, <span class="bibl">601a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1403b31</span>; λόγοι μετὰ μουσικῆς καὶ ῥυθμῶν πεποιημένοι <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.46</span>; of Prose rhythm, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b29</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>17</span>: defined by <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Rhyth.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">Aristid.Quint.1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> special phrases: <b class="b3">ἐν ῥυθμῷ</b> in [[time]], of dancing, marching, etc., βαίνειν ἐν ῥ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>670b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.14</span>; ὀρχεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.10</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ ῥ. ἀναπνεῖν</b> respire [[regularly]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>882b1</span>; so σωζόμενος ῥ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>797</span> (lyr.); μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ βαίνοντες <span class="bibl">Th.5.70</span>; <b class="b3">ῥυθμὸν χορείας ὑπάγειν</b> keep [[time]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>956</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">θάττονα ῥυθμὸν ἐπάγειν</b> play in quicker [[time]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>2.22</span>; πυρριχίῳ δρόμῳ καὶ ῥυθμῷ <span class="bibl">Hdn.4.2.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.4.20.6</span>: pl., [[paces]], <span class="bibl">Alcid.<span class="title">Soph.</span> 17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[measure]], [[proportion]] or [[symmetry]] of parts, at rest as well as in motion, <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ῥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>728e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[proportion]], [[arrangement]], [[order]], ῥυθμῷ τινι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>398</span> (codd., but <b class="b3">θ' ἑνὶ</b> is prob.); <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω</b> not without [[reason]], <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Epigr.</span>44.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[state]] or [[condition]] of anything, [[temper]], [[disposition]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.964</span> (coupled with <b class="b3">ὀργή</b> and <b class="b3">τρόπος</b>) ; οἷος ῥυσμὸς ἀνθρώπους ἔχει <span class="bibl">Archil.66.7</span>; ὅσοι χθονίους ἔχουσι ῥυσμοὺς καὶ χαλεπούς <span class="bibl">Anacr. 74</span>; <b class="b3">μένει . . χρῆμ' οὐδὲν ἐν ταὐτῷ ῥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Eup.356</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[form]], [[shape]] of a thing, <span class="bibl">Democr.5i</span>; identified by Arist. with <b class="b3">σχῆμα</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>985b16</span>, <span class="bibl">1042b14</span>; <b class="b3">μετέβαλον τὸν ῥ. τῶν γραμμάτων</b> changed the [[form]] or [[shape]] of the letters, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.58</span>; of Chian boots, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>62</span>; of the [[shape]] of a cup, <span class="bibl">Alex.59</span>; of a breastplate, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.10</span>; [<b class="b3">τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου</b>] <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ki.</span>16.10</span>; Αὐτονόας ῥ. ωὑτός <span class="bibl">Theoc.26.23</span>; so of the natural [[features]] of a country, <span class="bibl">D.P.271</span>,<span class="bibl">620</span>; [[structure]] of a substance, <b class="b3">κεγχροειδὲς τῷ ῥ., τῷ ῥ. σπογγῶδες</b>, Dsc.5.77,118. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[manner]], [[fashion]] of a thing, Ἕλλην ῥ. πέπλων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>130</span>; <b class="b3">τίνι ῥ. φόνου</b>; by what [[kind]] of slaughter? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>772</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τριγώνοις ῥυθμοῖς</b> triangular-[[wise]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>78</span>. [ῠ by nature, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>797</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>, etc.; ῡ by position in <span class="bibl">Thgn.964</span>, etc.]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: = <b class="b3">ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις</b> (Pl. Lg. 665a), <b class="b2">regular movement, beat, rhythm, measure, consistence, proportion, form</b> (IA., Archil., Thgn., A.).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">ῥυσμός</b>.<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">εὔ-ρυθμος</b> <b class="b2">with a beautifully regular movement, rhythmically, well-proportioned</b> with <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. (Att.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ῥυθμ-ικός</b> [[rhythmic]] (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135), <b class="b3">-ιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn. Gr.); <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b2">to make regular, to organise, to set up, to instruct, to form</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-έω</b> [[to organise]], [[to determine]] (Athen Va), <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[to develop]] (Democr. 197 [<b class="b3">-σμ-</b>]; <b class="b3">-όω</b> uncertain ibd. 33).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] <b class="b2">*sreu̯-</b> [[stream]]<br />Etymology: Already the shortness of the <b class="b3">υ</b> (e.g. A. Ch. 797) makes the connection with <b class="b3">ἔρυμαι</b>, <b class="b3">ῥύομαι</b> [[avert]], [[protect]] with <b class="b3">ῥυτήρ</b> [[protector]], [[guardian]] (Leemans Ant. class. 17, 403ff., Renehan ClassPhil. 58, 36f. after Jaeger Paideia 1, 174f. [prop. "keep in bonds"]) or with <b class="b3">ἐρύω</b> [[draw]] with <b class="b3">ῥυτήρ</b> [[rein]] (Krogmann KZ 71, 110f. after Hirt), which is also semant. not very evident, quite improbable. For the old explanation from <b class="b3">ῥέω</b> [[flow]], [[stream]], against which rightly Benveniste Journ. de psych. norm. et pathol. 44 (1951) 401 ff., Wolf WienStud. 68, 99 ff. (with survey of other interpretations), Porzig Satzinhalte 237. So orig. meaning "streaming, stream" as symbol of a quiet and even movement (cf. Curtius 353). On the meaning of <b class="b3">ῥυθμός</b> still E. Wolf Bed. von <b class="b3">ῥυθμός</b> bei Platon (Diss. Innsbruck 1947), Leemans l.c., Waltz Rev. et. lat. 26, 109 ff. (<b class="b3">ῥυθμός</b> and [[numerus]]). S. also C. Sandoz, Les noms grecs de la forme (Neuchâtel 1971) 58-77.