ἄρχω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. inf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἀρχέμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.20.154</span>: impf. [[ἦρχον]] ib.<span class="bibl">2.378</span>, etc.; Dor. ἆρχον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).51</span>: fut. ἄρξω <span class="bibl">Od.4.667</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.144</span>: aor. [[ἦρξα]], Ep. ἄρξα <span class="bibl">Od.14.230</span>, etc.: pf. ἦρχα <span class="title">CIG</span>3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—Med., <span class="bibl">Od.8.90</span>, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.56</span>, al.: impf., <span class="bibl">Il.9.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.28</span>: fut. [[ἄρξομαι]] (in med. sense, v. infr.) <span class="bibl">Il.9.97</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>442</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.2</span>; Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.95</span>: aor. ἠρξάμην <span class="bibl">Od.23.310</span>, etc.:—Pass., pf. [[ἦργμαι]] only in med. sense, v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b13</span>, v. infr.<span class="bibl">11.4</span>:—to [[be first]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in Time, [[begin]], [[make a beginning]], Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν to [[be the aggressor]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.53</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄρχεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to begin one's</b> operations, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου</b> [[to open]] a conversation, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου</b> <b class="b2">to begin one's</b> speech, ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.7</span>. Constr.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., [[make a beginning of]], ἄρχειν πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">Il.4.335</span>; μύθων <span class="bibl">Od.3.68</span>; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.2</span>; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>409</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ κακοῦ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">353</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς</b>, [[strike the first]] blow, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.2.1</span> and 2:— in Med. in religious sense, = [[ἀπάρχεσθαι]], ἀρχόμενος μελέων [[beginning with]] the limbs, <span class="bibl">Od.14.428</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>651</span>; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[begin from]] or [[with]]... ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.97</span>; ἄρχεσθαι Διός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.25</span>; <b class="b3">πόθεν ἄρξωμαι</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 855</span>; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">VM</span>5</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.199</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπό τινος</b> freq. in Prose, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων</b> [[even]] from boyhood, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.12</span>; but more commonly <b class="b3">ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Thg.</span>128d</span>:—[[ἀπό]] in non-temporal relations, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ</b>. i.e. [[including]] yourself, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>471c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.297</span>; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.15</span>; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>771c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">771a</span>; ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. rei et dat. pers., <b class="b3">ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός</b> [[begin]] a banquet to the gods, <span class="bibl">Il.15.95</span>; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε <span class="bibl">2.433</span>, etc.; τῇσι δὲ . . ἄρχετο μολπῆς <span class="bibl">Od.6.101</span>; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.23</span>; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>871</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. acc., <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι</b>, [[show]] him the way, <span class="bibl">Od.8.107</span> (but also <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο</b> [[lead]] the way, <span class="bibl">5.237</span>): abs. (sc. [[ὁδόν]]), ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη <span class="bibl">3.12</span>; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών <span class="bibl">3.447</span>; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης <span class="bibl">5.592</span>, cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.10</span>; ἅπερ ἦρξεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1529</span> (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>552</span>; ὕβριν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>368</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of actions, σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ <span class="bibl">Il.9.102</span>: freq. c. inf., <b class="b3">τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν</b> among them, <span class="bibl">Il.1.571</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">2.84</span>, <span class="bibl">13.329</span>; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν <span class="bibl">Od.22.437</span>, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν <span class="bibl">Il.7.324</span>; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.47</span>: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων <span class="bibl">Il.2.378</span>; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.119</span>; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.26</span>; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>237a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>187a</span> (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.2</span> (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.22</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> abs., ἄρχε <b class="b2">take the lead!</b> <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>: generally, [[begin]], <b class="b3">ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν</b> Indut. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, cf. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.24.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἄρχον</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἑπόμενον</b>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>234</span>: part. ἀρχόμενος [[at first]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>9.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.54</span>; [[at the beginning]], ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>368</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>192.4</span>; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1246</span>; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε <span class="bibl">Th.2.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος <span class="bibl">D.T.633.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἄρχουσα</b> (sc. [[συλλαβή]]) <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>130.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in point of Place or Station, [[rule]], [[govern]], [[command]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., [[rule]], [[be leader of]]... Βοιωτῶν <span class="bibl">Il.2.494</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα <span class="bibl">Od.14.230</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">471</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.805</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>666</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>337</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ'</b> [[held command]] among them, <span class="bibl">Il.13.690</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>238a</span>: c. inf. added, <b class="b3">ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι</b> [[led]] them [[on]] to fight, <span class="bibl">Il.16.65</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[rule]], ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>927</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>774</span>; esp. [[hold a magistracy]], ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.67</span>; at Athens, etc., to [[be archon]], <span class="bibl">D.21.178</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον</b> (with or without [[ἀρχήν]]) <span class="title">IG</span>3.659, 693, <span class="title">SIG</span>872.7. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.159</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.28.7</span>; but ἀρχθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1259b40</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.65.10</span>:—to [[be ruled]], [[governed]], etc., ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.127</span>; ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>264</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>63</span>; ὑπό τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Lys.12.92</span>; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.1.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326d</span>; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b14</span>; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι [[subjects]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2</span> <span class="bibl">6.19</span>, etc.</span>