οὕτως: Difference between revisions

|Definition=and before a consonant οὕτω (but sometimes [[οὕτως]] before a consonant, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>63</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>522c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.23.34</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.20</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span> 124.18</span> (ii B. C.), etc., and [[οὕτω]] before a vowel is found in Ep. Poets and Ion. Prose, v. fin.); in Att. strengthened <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> οὑτωσί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>503d</span>, etc.; [[οὑτωσίν]] Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.509.2</span>; v. [[οὗτος Α]]:—Adv. of [[οὗτος]], [[in this way]] or [[manner]], [[so]], [[thus]]: [[οὕτως]] is antec. to [[ὡς]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.178</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.148</span>, etc.; in Att. also οὕτως ὥσπερ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>475</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ... οὕτω καὶ</b>… <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.21</span>; <b class="b3">ὡσαύτως, ὥσπερ... οὕτω καὶ</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>534a</span>; also [[οὕτως]], [[ὅπως]]… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>330</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>; poet. also <b class="b3">ὥστε... οὕτω δὲ</b>… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>116</span> (lyr.): [[οὕτως]] is freq. left out after ὡς, ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐποίουν ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Th. 8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.45</span> sq.—In Prose, the relat. Pron. freq. follows instead of [[ὥστε]], v. infr. III: when two modes are opposed, they are freq. expressed by [[οὕτω]] and ἐκείνως, τότε μὲν ἐκείνως, νῦν δ' οὕτω <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.172</span>; οὕτω ῥᾷον ἢ 'κείνως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>370a</span>, etc.—Sts. [[οὕτω]] or <b class="b3">-ως</b> refers to what follows, [[thus]], [[as follows]], <b class="b3">οὕτω χρὴ ποιεῖν</b>: [[ἐὰν]]… <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.2</span>; οὑτωσὶ δὲ λογίζεσθε <span class="bibl">D.18.244</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω πως ὑπείληφα</b> ib.269; <b class="b3">οὑτωσί πως</b> folld. by a quotation, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28c</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ οὕτως</b> even [[so]], even [[on this supposition]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.10</span>; οὐδ' οὕτως <span class="bibl">Id.2.76</span>, <span class="bibl">6.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.14</span>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.3</span>: strengthened οὕτω δή <span class="bibl">Il.2.158</span>; οὕτω γὰρ δή τοι <span class="bibl">15.201</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω δή τι</b>, v. infr. III; also <b class="b3">οὕτω που</b> [[so]] I ween, <span class="bibl">2.116</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.262</span>, etc.; οὕτω πῃ <span class="bibl">Il.24.373</span>; <b class="b3">ὣς ὁ μὲν οὕτως ἐστὶ σόος</b> [[so in this way]] is he saved, <span class="bibl">Od.19.300</span>:—Phrases: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">οὕτω δὴ ἔσται</b> [[so]] it shall be, ratifying what goes before, <span class="bibl">11.348</span>; ἔσσεται οὕτως <span class="bibl">16.31</span>, etc.: in Prose [[οὕτως]] alone in answers, [[even so]], [[just so]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.9</span>; so ἢ οὐχ οὕτως;—οὕτω μὲν οὖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>551b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> emphat. with the imper., [[just]], [[without more ado]], ἔρρ' οὕτως <span class="bibl">Il.22.498</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.184</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 6.218</span>, <span class="bibl">17.447</span>; but, <b class="b3">οὕτω νῦν ἀπόπεμπε</b> [[as you say]], <span class="bibl">5.146</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in wishes or prayers, [[so]], i.e. if you grant my prayer, οὕτως ἔρως σοι… τελεσφόρος γένοιτο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>714</span>; οὕτω τί σοι δοίησαν αἱ Μοῦσαι… τοῦτον… δεῖρον <span class="bibl">Herod.3.1</span>; also in protestations, [[so]], i.e. only if what I say is true, <b class="b3">οὕτως ὀναίμην τῶν τέκνων, μισῶ τὸν ἄνδρ'</b> (as in Engl., [[so]] help me God, [[so]] mote I thrive, etc.) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>469</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>530</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.7</span>. <span class="bibl">25</span>, <span class="bibl">Aristaenet.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω… νομιζοίμην σοφός, ὡς</b>… <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>520</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in colloquial phrase, beginning a story, <b class="b3">οὕτω ποτ' ἦν μῦς καὶ γαλῆ</b> [[there]] were once on a time... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1182</span>; οὕτως ἦν νεανίσκος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 785</span>; ἦν οὕτω δὴ παῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>237b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[οὕτω]] with gen., <b class="b3">τούτων μὲν οὕτω</b> [[so much]] for this, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>950</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω καὶ τῶν οἰκονομικῶν</b> (v.l. [[τῷ -κῷ]]) [[so]] also of... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1253b27</span>; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ Χαλκὶς… τῆς Εὐβοίας… κεῖται, οὕτω Χερρονήσου… ἡ Καρδιανῶν πόλις</b> as Chalcis in respect of Euboea... [[so]] Cardia in respect of the Chersonese, <span class="bibl">D.23.182</span>; so <b class="b3">οὕτως ἔχω τινός</b> or <b class="b3">περί τινος</b>, v. [[ἔχω]] (A) B. II. 2; also for εἰς τοῦτο, οὕτω δὲ τάρβους… ἀφικόμην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>361</span> codd. (dub. l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὁ οὕτω καλούμενος, ὀνομαζόμενος</b>, the [[so]]-called... τῶν Ῥιπαίων οὕτω καλουμένων <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.1</span>; τοῦ καὶ ὀνομασθέντος οὕτω ῥήτορος <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Id.</span>2.11</span>; <b class="b3">Ποταμὸς δῆμος οὕτω καλούμενος</b> P., a deme of [[that]] name, <span class="bibl">Str.9.1.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[οὕτω]], or <b class="b3">οὕτω δή</b>, freq. introduces the apodosis after a protasis, ἐπειδὴ περιελήλυθε ὁ πόλεμος... οὕτω δὴ Γέλωνος μνῆστις γέγονε <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">150</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.131</span>, <span class="bibl">2.12</span>,<span class="bibl">19</span>, etc.; esp. after parts., <b class="b3">ἐν κλιβάνῳ πνίξαντες, οὕτω τρώγουσι</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν πνίξωσιν, οὕτω</b>... <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">100</span>; also οὕτω δή <span class="bibl">Id.7.174</span>; τὰ ἄλλα καταστρεψάμενος, οὕτως… στρατεῦσαι ὕστερον <span class="bibl">Th.3.96</span>; εἰς τὰ σκληρότατα ἀποβλέποντες, οὕτως ἂν μᾶλλον συννοήσαιμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>44e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>457d</span>, <span class="bibl">507e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>29b</span>; so ἔπειτα οὕτως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.1.4</span>: so also after the gen. abs., ὡς… τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὑμῖν μὴ μεμπτῶν γεγενημένων, οὕτω τὴν γνώμην ἔχετε <span class="bibl">Th.7.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1.3.6</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> sometimes in a really inferential sense, as we say [[so]] for [[therefore]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>677</span>; οὕτω δή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>61b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">to such an extent, so, so much, so very, so excessively</b>, καλὸς οὕτω <span class="bibl">Il.3.169</span>; <b class="b3">πρυμνόθεν οὕτως</b> [[so]] entirely, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1061</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 2.47</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.8</span>; οὕτως τι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>63</span>: freq. folld. by [[ὡς]] or [[ὥστε]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.4.3</span>, etc.: sometimes the relat. [[ὅς]] takes the place of <b class="b3">ὥστε, κρήνη οὕτω δή τι ἐοῦσα πικρή, ἣ… κιρνᾷ</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">ὥστε κιρνᾶν</b>) <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.52</span>; οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω μῶρος ὃς θανεῖν ἐρᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>220</span>; <b class="b3">τίς δ' οὕτως ἄνους ὃς</b>… <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>736</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.8.44</span>; also <b class="b3">δυσχείμερος αὕτη ἡ… χώρη οὕτω δή τί ἐστι, ἔνθα</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">ὥστε ἐνταῦθα</b>) τοὺς μὲν ὀκτὼ τῶν μηνῶν ἀφόρητος οἷος γίνεται κρυμός <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.28</span>: sometimes no connecting Particle is used, <b class="b3">αἱ [κεφαλαὶ] οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b> [[so excessively]] hard, you could scarcely break them, <span class="bibl">Id.3.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Sup. Adj., τῆς οὕτω μεγίστης ἐγχειρήσεως ἀποσφαλείς <span class="bibl">Zos.5.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> sts., like [[αὔτως]], with a diminishing power, [[so]], [[merely so]], [[simply]], in Hom. always <b class="b3">μὰψ οὕτω</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.120</span> (for without [[μάψ]] he always uses [[αὔτως]]), cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.5</span>; μὴ διὰ μέθης… ἀλλ' οὕτω πίνοντας πρὸς ἡδονήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>176e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>494e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>235c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>147c</span>, <span class="bibl">158b</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Od.</span>67</span>, etc.; ἐν συνουσίᾳ καὶ διατριβῇ οὕτως ἰδίᾳ <span class="bibl">D.21.71</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.20</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ὀδόντας… οὕτως ἂν τοῖς δακτύλοις αὐτοῖς… παρατρίβειν</b>, i.e. without a dentifrice, Diocl. Fr.141; so οὕτω γε ἀπὸ στόματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142d</span>; οὕτω ποτέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ly.</span> 216c</span>; οὕτω πως <span class="bibl">D.1.20</span>; also, [[off-hand]], [[at once]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>464b</span>, etc.; ἁπλῶς οὕτως <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>633c</span>; ἀλλ' οὕτως ἄπει <b class="b2">; so, without a word more… ?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1067</span>; ἢ στραφεὶς οὕτως ἴω <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>315</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>374</span> (lyr.); ἐφεξῆς οὑτωσὶ καθεζόμενος <span class="bibl">D.21.119</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω γ' ἀκοῦσαι</b> [[at first]] hearing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>3b</span>; so ὥς γε οὑτωσὶ ἀκοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ly.</span>216a</span>; ἀκούειν μὲν οὕτως ἁπλῶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>12c</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ… οὕτως ἄπει</b>, = [[impune]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>680</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> as Hebraism, [[οὕτως]], = <b class="b2">such a person (thing</b>), οὕτως οὐδέποτε εἴδαμεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>29.26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>9.33</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.48</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Position of [[οὕτω]] or [[οὕτως]], mostly [[before]] the word which it limits, but in Poets sometimes [[after]], καλὸς οὕτω <span class="bibl">Il.3.169</span>; οὐδέ τι λίην οὕτω νώνυμός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Od.13.239</span>; <b class="b3">ἔρημος οὕτω, ἄγαν οὕτω</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>487</span>, <span class="bibl">598</span>: rarely at the end of a clause, <span class="bibl">Od.18.255</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.170</span> (dub. l.): sometimes separated from the word which it limits, οὕτως ἔχει τι δεινόν <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 104</span>; οὕτως ἐπὶ δεινὰς ἁρπαγάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.11</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω δ' ἦν ὁ Φίλιππος ἐν φόβῳ... ὥστε</b>… <span class="bibl">D.18.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> Prosody. The last [[syllable]] of [[οὕτω]] is short before a vowel in <span class="bibl">Il.3.169</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.315</span>. The ι of [[οὑτωσί]] is always long, v. [[οὗτος]] init.</span>