κτίζω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">found, lay out, build, create</b> (Emp.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b> (Il.), pass. [[κτισθῆναι]] (IA.), fut. [[κτίσω]] (A.), perf. midd. [[ἔκτισμαι]] (Hdt.), act. [[ἔκτικα]] (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. (<b class="b2">meta-)kitita \/meta-ktitas\/</b>, <b class="b2">koto(i)na</b>) \/[[ktoina]]\/.<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[κτίσις]] f. [[foundation]], [[creation]] (Pi., IA.; cf. below), [[κτιστύς]] f. [[foundation]] (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), [[κτίσμα]] [[foundation]], [[colony]], [[building]] (hell.), [[κτισμός]] [[foundation]] (Asia Minor., Empire); - [[κτίστωρ]] [[founder]] (Pi., E.), [[κτιστήρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Corinth, IVa), f. [[κτίστρια]] (Asia Minor, Empire), [[κτίστης]] [[founder]], [[builder]] (Arist.) with [[κτίστιον]] (<b class="b3">-εῖον</b>) [[temple of a founder]] (pap. IVp), older [[συγκτίστης]] [[co-founder]] (Hdt. 5, 46); [[κτιστός]] [[laid out]], [[founded]] (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. [[κτιστόν]] [[building]] (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning [[live]], [[abide]] and thus outside the system: <b class="b3">ἐυ κτίμενος</b> [[where you can live well]] (Hom.); <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ονες</b> pl. [[those living around]], [[neighbours]] (Il.), <b class="b3">ἀμφι-κτί-ονες</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides <b class="b3">-κτύονες</b> (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear [[υ]] (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ται</b> pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (λ 288), after it as simplex <b class="b3">κτί-ται</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. Or. 1621), [[κτίτης]] = [[κτίστης]] (Delph. IIa); <b class="b3">ἐΰ-κτι-τος</b> = <b class="b3">ἐυ κτίμενος</b> (Β 592), <b class="b3">ὀρεί-κτι-τος</b> [[living in the mountains]] (Pi.); but e.g. <b class="b3">θεό-κτι-τος</b> [[founded by the gods]] (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on [[κτίστωρ]]. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. [[κτοίνα]] (also [[πτοίνα]] with unexplained <b class="b3">πτ-</b>) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. <b class="b2">koto(i)na</b>) with [[κτοινᾶται]], <b class="b3">-έται</b> (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] <b class="b2">*tkei-</b> [[settle]], [[found]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ται</b> agrees but for the lengthening <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem Skt. <b class="b2">pari-kṣí-t-</b>'living round about', with (<b class="b3">ἐΰ)-κτιτος</b> Av. (<b class="b2">ana)-šita-</b> [[uninhabited]]. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. <b class="b2">kṣé-ti</b>, pl. <b class="b2">kṣi-y-ánti</b> (= Myc. <b class="b2">ki-ti-je-si</b> [trans.]) - Av. [[šaēiti]], [[šyeinti]] [[live]]. An agreeing athematic ptc. is <b class="b3">κτί-μενος</b>. The transitive-causative meaning [[make as living]], [[found]], which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b>, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in <b class="b3">κτί-μενος</b>), like <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-σα</b> to <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b> (s. [[ἵστημι]]). To <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b> arose [[κτίζω]], and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). <b class="b3">κτί-σις</b> too has an exact parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">kṣi-tí-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">ši-ti-</b> <b class="b2">living (place)</b>, but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to [[κτίζω]] suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 95 n. 5). With [[κτοίνα]] agrees, except for the <b class="b2">i-</b>stem, Arm. [[šēn]], gen. [[šini]] <b class="b2">inhabited (place)</b>. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with [[κτείνω]] we now assume <b class="b2">*tkei-</b>. Cf. [[κτίλος]].