μαλακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to touch, εὐνή <span class="bibl">Il.9</span>. <span class="bibl">618</span>; κώεα <span class="bibl">Od.3.38</span>; τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο <span class="bibl">4.124</span>; χιτών <span class="bibl">Il.2.42</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.364.5</span> (iii B.C.); πέπλοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.796</span>; <b class="b3">νειὸς μ</b>. [[fresh-ploughed]] fallow, <span class="bibl">18.541</span>; <b class="b3">λειμῶνες μ</b>. [[soft grassy]] meadows, <span class="bibl">Od.5.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; πόας ἄνθος Sapph.54; τάπητες… -ώτεροι ὕπνω <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.125</span>; of the skin or flesh, μ. παρειαί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>783</span> (lyr.); χρώς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1403</span> (anap.); σώματα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.1</span>; <b class="b3">πρόβατα μ</b>. [[soft-fleeced]], <span class="bibl">D.47.52</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ</b>., opp. hard, rugged ground, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>607a10</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">615b31</span>; μ. πέτρα <span class="title">SIG</span>970.8 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.6</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">μ. τέφρα</b> a [[slow]] fire, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>89.36</span>; so μ. πῦρ Androm. ap. Gal.13.26; μ. ἀνθρακιά Dsc.2.76; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ μ</b>., of [[marsh]] water, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192.8</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>59d</span> (cf. [[μαλθακός]]); of soil, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>19.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>111b</span>. Adv., <b class="b3">μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι</b>, to sleep [[softly]], i.e. [[on soft bedding]], <span class="bibl">Od. 3.350</span>, <span class="bibl">24.255</span>; μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.24</span>; <b class="b3">καθίζου μ</b>. sit [[softly]], i.e. [[on a cushion]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>785</span>; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί <span class="bibl">Eub.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">108</span>; but <b class="b3">ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις</b> what [[dainty]] food you have! <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[μαλακά]] (sc. [[σκεύη]]), τά, [[household utensils]], <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Per.Fr.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Diph.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of things not subject to touch, [[gentle]], θάνατος <span class="bibl">Od. 18.202</span>; ὕπνος <span class="bibl">Il.10.2</span>; κῶμα <span class="bibl">14.359</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἔπεα</b> [[soft]], [[fair]] words, <span class="bibl">1.582</span>, <span class="bibl">6.337</span>; λόγοι <span class="bibl">Od.1.56</span>; ἐπαοιδαί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.51</span>; παρηγορίαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>95</span> (anap.); αὖραι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">μ. βλέμμα</b> [[tender]], [[youthful]] looks, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>1022</span>; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.95</span>; <b class="b3">μ. οἶνος</b> [[mild]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 873b34</span>; <b class="b3">μ. [φωνή</b>] [[soft]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a8</span> (Comp.); of scent, [[faint]], [[delicate]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.7.4</span>; of climate, [[mild]], ib.<span class="bibl">6.8.1</span>. Adv. μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a20</span>; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[light]], [[mild]], -ώτεραι ζημίαι <span class="bibl">Th.3.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of persons or modes of life, [[soft]], [[mild]], [[gentle]], <b class="b3">μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι</b> [[easier]] to handle, of a fallen hero, <span class="bibl">Il.22.373</span>; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.122</span>; -ώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>666b</span>; ἀρνίου -ώτερος <span class="bibl">Philippid.29</span>; -ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 608a25</span>; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.92 K. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[soft]], μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου <span class="bibl">Th.2.18</span>; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.8.29</span>; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.2</span>. Adv. -κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.6.78</span>; -<b class="b3">ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο</b> attacked him [[somewhat feebly]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.50</span>; μ. φιλεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>4.5.16</span> (Comp.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">morally weak, lacking in self-control</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.153</span> (Comp.); ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1150a33</span>: c. inf., μαλακὸς καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>556c</span>; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1455</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι</b> not to give in [[from weakness]] or [[want of spirit]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.51</span>,<span class="bibl">105</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>488</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ μ</b>. [[indulgences]], <span class="bibl">Epich.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> = [[παθητικός]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.54.11</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.7.173</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> of music, [[soft]], [[effeminate]], μ. ἁρμονίαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>398e</span>, <span class="bibl">411a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1290a28</span>; [[tuned to a low pitch]], opp. σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>7</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> of style, [[feeble]], τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.197 S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> of reasoning, [[weak]], [[loose]], λόγος <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.4</span> (Comp.), cf. <span class="bibl">5.149</span> (Comp.); λόγος λίαν μ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1090b8</span>. Adv. -[[κῶς]], [[συλλογίζεσθαι]] to reason [[loosely]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1396b1</span> (Comp.); ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1025b13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[weakly]], [[sickly]], -<b class="b3">κῶς ἔχειν</b> to be [[ill]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.58</span>, Ps.-Hdt. <span class="title">Vit.Hom.</span>34, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>9.1</span>; -κῶς διάκειται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>263.3</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. -[[κῶς]], v. supr. I, II, III.</span>

|sltr=<b>μᾰλᾰκός</b> (-άν, -αῖς（ι), -αῖσιν; -ά acc.: cf. [[μαλθακός]].) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[soft]], [[gentle]] μαλακαῖς ἐπαοι- δαῖς (P. 3.51) μαλακὰν χέρα προσβάλλοντα (sc. Ἀπόλλωνα) (P. 4.271) ἐπιεσσάμενοι [[νῶτον]] μαλακαῖσι κρόκαις (N. 10.44) μαλακαῖς εὐδίαις (Pae. 2.52) χερσίν τ' ἐν μαλακαῖσιν ὅρπακ ἀγλαὸν δάφνας ὀχέοισα of girls' hands Παρθ. 2. 7. n. pl. pro adv., μαλακὰ μὲν φρονέων ἐσλοῖς, τραχὺς δὲ παλιγκότοις [[ἔφεδρος]] (Er. Schmid: μαλθακά codd.: [[with]] [[gentle]] [[disposition]] [[towards]] the [[noble]] ) (N. 4.95)