πατήρ: Difference between revisions

|astxt=[[πατήρ]], πατρός, -τρί, τέρα, [in [[LXX]] [[chiefly]] and [[very]] freq. for אָב;] <br />a [[father]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[prop]].,<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of the [[male]] [[parent]]: Mt 2:22, Lk 1:17, Jo 4:53; anarth., He 12:7 (M, Pr., 82 f.); pl., of [[both]] parents (cl.), He 11:23; οἱ π. τ. σαρκός, He 12:9; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of a [[forefather]] or [[ancestor]] (in cl. [[usually]] in plural; Hom., al.): Mt 3:9, Lk 1:73, Jo 8:39, al.; pl., Mt 23:30, 32 Lk 6:23, 26 Jo 4:20, I Co 10:1, al.<br /><b class="num">2.</b>Metaph.,<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of an [[author]], [[originator]], or [[archetype]] (= [[αἴτιος]], [[ἀρχηγός]], etc.; Pind., Plat., al.): Jo 8:41-44, Ro 4:11, 12 16. <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>as a [[title]] of [[respect]] or [[honour]], used of seniors, teachers and others in a [[position]] of [[responsible]] [[authority]] (Jg 17:10, II Ki 2:12, Pr 1:8, al.): Mt 23:9 Ac 7:2 22:1, I Jo 2:13. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Of God (as in cl. of [[Zeus]]) as Father;<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of created things: τ. [[φώτων]], Ja 1:17; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of [[all]] [[sentient]] beings: Eph 3:14, 15 He 12:9; <br /><b class="num">(c)</b>of men, esp. those in [[covenant]] [[relation]] [[with]] Him (freq in OT and [[later]] Jewish lit.; v. Dalman, Words, 184ff.): Mt 6:4, Lk 6:36, Jo 4:21, Ja 3:9, al.; ὁ π. ὁ ἐν (τ.) οὐρανοῖς, Mt 5:16, Mk 11:25; ὁ π. ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], Mt 6:14 15:13; especially in the Epp., of Christians: Ro 8:15, II Co 6:18, Ga 4:6, Eph 2:18 4:6, I Jo 2:1; c. gen. qual., τ. οἰκτιρμῶν, II Co 1:3; τ. δοξῆς, Eph 1:17; <br /><b class="num">(d)</b>of Christ (Dalman, Words, 190 ff.);<br /><b class="num">(α)</b>by [[our]] Lord [[himself]]: ὁ π., Mt 11:25-27, Lk 10:2, 22 Jo 5:20-23, al.; ὁ π. μου, Mt 11:27, al.; ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς, Mt 7:11, al.; ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], Mt 15:13; vocat., Jo 11:41 12:27, 28 17:1, 5, 11, 20, 25 (cf. Abbott, JG., 96 f.); <br /><b class="num">(β)</b>by Apostles: Jo 1:14 (anarth.; v. M, Pr., l.c.), Ro 15:6, II Co 1:3 11:31, Eph 1:3, Col 1:3, He 1:5, I Pe 1:3, Re 1:6 (cf. Westc., Epp. Jo., 27-34).

|etymtx=[[πατρός]], πατέρα<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[father]] (Il.); for the inflection Schwyzer 567.<br />Other forms: Myc. [[pate]].<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πατρο-φόνος</b> [[parricidal]], [[parricide]] (trag., Pl.) with metr. condit. acc. <b class="b3">-ῆα</b> (Od.), also <b class="b3">-φόντης</b> m. f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 24 n. 4 a. 239 n. 1), <b class="b3">πατρ-αλοίας</b> s. [[ἀλωή]]; <b class="b3">ἀ-πάτωρ</b> [[fatherless]] (trag., Pl.); [[Ἀπατούρια]] s. v. On the compp. Sommer Nominalkomp. 141 ff. (esp. <b class="b3">ὄ-πατρος</b> a. <b class="b3">ὀβριμο-πάτρη</b>; cf. s. vv.), Risch IF 59, 17.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: <b class="b3">πατρ-ίδιον</b> n. (com.), also <b class="b3">πατέρ-ιον</b> (Luc.) with <b class="b3">-ίων</b> m. (late; from voc. [[πάτερ]]; <b class="b3">-ίων</b> like <b class="b3">μαλακ-ίων</b> a.o.), Georgacas Glotta 36, 175f., Maas Mél. Bq 2, 130 f. -- 2. <b class="b3">πάτρ-α</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-η</b> f. <b class="b2">paternal ancestry, tribe; native city, country, fatherland</b> (Il.; Wackernagel Festg. Kaegi 57ff. = Kl. Schr. 1, 485ff.). -- 3. <b class="b3">πατρ-ιά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. [[paternal ancestry]], [[lineage]], [[family]] (Hdt., El., Delph., LXX, NT; Wackernagel l.c., Scheller Oxytonierung 71 f.) with <b class="b3">-ιώτης</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-ιώτας</b>, f. <b class="b3">-ιῶτις</b> <b class="b2">from the same lineage, native, fellow-countryman</b> (Att., Troizen, Delphi Va), <b class="b3">-ιωτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to fellow-countrymen, fatherland</b> (Delphi IVa, Arist.). -- 4. <b class="b3">πάτρ-ιος</b> [[paternal]], [[hereditary]], [[customary]] (Pi., IA.), f. <b class="b3">πατρ-ίς</b> [[paternal]], [[fatherland]] (Il.); younger <b class="b3">πατρ-ικός</b> [[paternal]] (Democr., Att., hell.); in the same meaning also [[πατρώϊος]] s. on 7. [[πάτρως]]. -- 5. <b class="b3">πατρ-όθεν</b> [[from ones father]] (Il). -- 6. <b class="b3">εὑ-πατρ-ίδης</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-ίδας</b>, f. <b class="b3">-ις</b> [[of a noble father]], [[noble]], usually as name of the Oldatt. nobles (trag., Att.), opposite <b class="b3">κακο-πατρ-ίδας</b>, f. <b class="b3">-ις</b> (Alc., Thgn.; Wackernagel Glotta 14, 50f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 858f.). -- 7. [[πάτρως]], <b class="b3">-ωος</b> a. <b class="b3">-ω</b> m. <b class="b2">male relative, esp. father's brother, uncle</b> (Pi., Cret., Ion. Att.); formation like [[μήτρως]] (s.v.); Lat. [[patruus]], Skt. <b class="b2">pitr̥vyà-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (e.g. Schmeja IF 68, 22). From it <b class="b3">πατρώ-ϊος</b>, <b class="b3">πατρῳ̃ος</b> [[belonging to the paternal clan]], [[paternal]] = [[πάτρως]], [[πατρικός]] (Il.), cf. <b class="b3">μητρώ-ϊος</b> and Wackernagel Festg. Kaegi 50ff. = Kl. Schr. 1,478ff.; on [[πατρικός]] also Chantraine Études (s. Index). -- 8. [[πατρωός]] m. [[stepfather]] (hell.; formation unclear ); also [[πατρυιός]] (late, after [[μητρυιά]], s.v.). -- 9. Verbs: <b class="b3">πατερ-ίζω</b> (Ar. V. 652) [[to call father]] (from voc.), <b class="b3">-εύω</b> <b class="b2">to hold office of πατηρ πόλεως (πατερ-ία)</b> (Miletos VIp); <b class="b3">πατρ-ῴζω</b> [[to take after ones father]] (Philostr., Alciphr.; cf. <b class="b3">μητρ-ῴζω</b>), <b class="b3">-ιάζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Poll.); also <b class="b3">*πατρίζω</b> > lat. [[patrissāre]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Leumann Die Sprache 1, 207 = Kl. Schr. 174). -- On [[πατήρ]] w. derivv. also Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 219ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [829] <b class="b2">*ph₂ter</b> [[father]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word for [[father]] (as head of the family), in most IE languages retained, e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">pitár-</b>, Lat. [[pater]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[fadar]]. With [[πάτριος]] agree Skt. <b class="b2">pítriya</b> und Lat. [[patrius]]; with <b class="b3">ὁμο-πάτωρ</b>, <b class="b3">-πάτριος</b> [[from the same father]] (Att. resp. Ion. Att.) OPers. <b class="b2">hama-pitar-</b> resp. OWNo. <b class="b2">sam-feðr</b>; on possible cognates of [[πάτρως]] s. above 7. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 4, Pok. 829 and in separate dictionaries.