φάρμακον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[v. sub fin.], τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[drug]], whether [[healing]] or [[noxious]]: in Hom. the sense is freq. determined by an [[epithet]], φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ... πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά <span class="bibl">Od.4.230</span>; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν <span class="bibl">10.287</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">292</span>; [[φάρμακα ἤπια]], [[ὀδυνήφατα]] (v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>); [[κακὰ φάρμακα]] ib.<span class="bibl">213</span>; [[φάρμακα λυγρά]] ib. <span class="bibl">236</span>; [[φάρμακον οὐλόμενον]] ib.<span class="bibl">394</span>; ἀνδροφόνον <span class="bibl">1.261</span>; θυμοφθόρα φάρμακα <span class="bibl">2.329</span>; so, after Hom., προσανέα φάρμακα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.52</span>; παιώνια <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>848</span>; χρήσιμον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>382c</span>; θανάσιμα <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>103.31</span>; ὀλέθριον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span> 62</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[healing remedy]], [[medicine]], in Hom. mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ' ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων <span class="bibl">Il.4.191</span>; [[ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε]] ib.<span class="bibl">218</span>; ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων <span class="bibl">5.401</span>,<span class="bibl">900</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.515</span>,<span class="bibl">830</span>, <span class="bibl">15.394</span>; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.392</span>; φ. περιαλείφειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>906</span>; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ' <span class="bibl">Od.10.326</span>; φ. πεπωκώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.160</span>, cf. Pi. l. c.; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>467c</span>; φ. χριστόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>516</span>; ἔγχριστον <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.1</span>; ἐπίχριστον <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.10</span>; ἐπίπαστον Theoc. l. c.; καταπλαστόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>716</span>; ποτόν E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> l.c.; freq. in Medic. writers, <span class="bibl">Sor. 1.4</span>, Gal.6.265, etc.; of [[medicines]] for cattle, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>222.11</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''), [[φάρμακον νόσου]] = a [[medicine for a disease]], [[remedy against a disease]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>251</span>,<span class="bibl">606</span> (lyr.); βηχός <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.60</span>: [[κεφαλῆς]] [[for]] a [[headache]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>155b</span>; στραγγουρίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>612b16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">624a16</span>; μέθης <span class="bibl">Amphis 37</span>; δίψης <span class="title">AP</span> 6.170 (Thyill.); but [[ὑγιείας φάρμακον]] = a [[medicine to restore health]] or [[medicine to maintain health]], <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>37(2).11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[enchanted potion]], [[philtre]]: hence, [[charm]], [[spell]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.220</span> sq., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>302</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>1.64.20</span> (i B. C.); φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔμηνεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>561</span>; [[τοιαῦτα ἔχω φάρμακα]] = [[such charms have I]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>9.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[poison]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 685</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>385</span>; πιεῖν τὸ φάρμακον <span class="bibl">Antipho6.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>, <span class="bibl">115a</span>; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα <span class="bibl">Th.2.48</span>; φάρμακα δηλητήρια <span class="title">SIG</span>37 <span class="title">A</span> 1 (Teos, v B. C.); τοξικὸν φάρμακον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>21 ii 14</span> (iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[lye]] for laundering, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Stud.Pal.</span>22.56.12</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[remedy]], [[cure]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>485</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.35</span>, etc.; μεῖζον . . τῆς νόσου τὸ φ. the [[cure]] too strong for, i. e. worse than, the [[disease]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>589.4</span>, cf. <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span> 455; φάρμακον [[πραΰ]], of a bridle, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.85</span>; [[φάρμακον τινι]] [[for]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Thgn. 1134</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Archil.9</span>; πρός τι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a16</span>; ποττὸν ἔρωτα <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.1</span>; but most freq. [[φάρμακον τινός]] [[remedy against]] . . χλαῖνα . . φ. ῥίγευς <span class="bibl">Hippon.19</span>; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει <span class="bibl">Simon.87</span>; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>548</span>; [[φάρμακον πόνων]], [[λύπης]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>283</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1079</span>; δόλοι . . χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ. ib.<span class="bibl">288</span>; φόβου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647e</span>; [[λήθης φάρμακα]] (of [[γράμματα]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>578.1</span>; v. [[εὐδιανός]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. also, [[a means of producing]] something, φάρμακον σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>893</span>; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φάρμακον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>274e</span>; [[ὑπομνήσεως]] ib.<span class="bibl">275a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">230d</span>; ἀθανασίας <span class="bibl">Antiph.86.6</span>; ἡσυχίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1273b23</span>; [[φάρμακον μανίας]], of the oil applied to wrestlers, <span class="bibl">D.L.1.104</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> ἀλλ' ἐπὶ καὶ θανάτῳ φάρμακον κάλλιστον ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς ἅλιξιν εὑρέσθαι σὺν ἄλλοις = even at the price of death, the fairest way to win his own exploits together with his other companion / but even at the risk of death would find the finest elixir of excellence together with his other companions (ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φάρμακον κάλλιστον ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι = a [[remedy]] or [[consolation]] in his own [[virtue]]), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[dye]], [[paint]], [[colour]], <span class="bibl">Emp.23.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.98</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>134</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>735</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>277c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>789.13</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[chemical reagent]], PLeid.X.25, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>13.46</span>, <span class="bibl">22.10</span>, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.<span class="bibl">p.160</span> B.; used by [[tanner]]s, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>44</span>,<span class="bibl">368</span>.—Cf. [[φαρμάσσω]]. [μᾰ;] but μᾱ in [[φαρμακός]].</span>