οὐδέ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=neg. Particle, related to [[μηδέ]] as [[οὐ]] to [[μή]], partly Conj., partly Adv.: <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> CONJUNCTION, [[but not]], mostly answering to [[μέν]] (sts. written divisim), <span class="bibl">Il.5.138</span>, <span class="bibl">24.418</span>; without [[μέν]], <span class="bibl">5.21</span>, etc.: sometimes the first [[οὐδέ]], [[but not]], is followed by [[οὐδέ]], [[nor]], ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ Ποσειδάων', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ <span class="bibl">24.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> more freq. [[and not]], [[nor]]: sometimes without a neg. preceding, Κίρκη δ' ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον, οὐδ' ἐπὶ σίτῳ χεῖρας ἰάλλοντα <span class="bibl">Od.10.375</span>; τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδ' ὑπεύθυνος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>326</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">102</span>,<span class="bibl">259</span>,al.; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥητόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>756</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">996</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">868</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.97</span>, etc.: after a neg. compd., ὃν ἠτίμησ' Ἀγαμέμνων, οὐδ' ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα <span class="bibl">Il.1.95</span>; ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>716</span>; ἄστιπτος οὐδ' οἰκουμένη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>2</span>; ἄθικτος οὐδ' οἰκητός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with a neg. preceding, [[nor]], βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐ. ποτῆτος <span class="bibl">Od.10.379</span>; οὐκέτισοὶ… μένος ἔμπεδον οὐ. τις ἀλκή <span class="bibl">22.226</span>; οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν οὐ. τιν' ἐγχώρων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>692</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">681</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">905</span>,<span class="bibl">955</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.2</span>, etc.: sometimes the preceding neg. is itself [[οὐδέ]], = [[and not]], as in <span class="bibl">Od.22.222</span>; [[οὐδέ]], = [[nor]] may be repeated any number of times, e.g. three times in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1378</span>.—sometimes the neg. follows the whole word-group instead of preceding it, <b class="b3">σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν</b> but iron [[or]] silver use they not at all, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.215</span>; Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ' Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς <span class="bibl">Th.6.55</span>; ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὐ. δίκαιον οὐδὲν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι <span class="bibl">D.22.4</span>: but <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… οὐδέ</b> never means <b class="b2">neither… nor</b> (like <b class="b3">οὔτε… οὔτε</b>); where this combination occurs, the first [[οὐδέ]] is used without reference to the second, e.g. <b class="b3">καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ἡ ἐπιτείχισις οὐδὲ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἄξιον φοβηθῆναι</b> and moreover we have [[no]] reason to fear their fortifications, [[nor yet]] their navy, <span class="bibl">Th.1.142</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[οὐδέ]] may also follow [[οὔτε]], by an anacoluth., as in <b class="b3">τε... δέ</b>… (v. οὔτε <span class="bibl">11.3</span>); but [[οὔτε]] cannot follow [[οὐδέ]].—Cf. μηδέ A. 2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> ADVERB, [[not even]], in Hom. mostly with Advbs., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ῃβαιόν</b> [[not even]] a little, [[no not]] a bit, [[not at all]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.386</span>; οὐ. τυτθόν <span class="bibl">1.354</span>; οὐ. μίνυνθα <span class="bibl">20.27</span>; so also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδ' ἠβαιαί</b> he has [[no]] sense, [[no not even]] a little, <span class="bibl">14.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.21.288</span>; τότε μὲν εὖ ζῶντες, νῦν δὲ οὐ. ζῶντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>329a</span>: freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τούτῳ μὲν οὐ. διελέγετο</b> he did [[not even]] exchange words with him, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>425</span>; οὐδ', εἰ γέγονεν, οἶδα <span class="bibl">D.18.70</span>, etc.: in the same sense, οὐ. γ' <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 97a</span>, <span class="bibl">97b</span>, <span class="bibl">106b</span>; οὐ. γ' αὖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>499a</span>; οὐ. μήν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.50</span>, etc.; Ep. οὐ. μέν <span class="bibl">Il.9.374</span>, etc.: in Att. freq. with [[εἷς]] (whence [[οὐδείς]]), οὐδ' ἂν εἷς θύσειεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>137</span>: sometimes without elision, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ εἷς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1182</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.1.45</span>; οὐκ ἄλλ' οὐ. ἕν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>927</span>; also οὐ. καθ' ἕν <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>; οὐ. παρ' ἑνός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.10</span>, etc.—This [[οὐδέ]] freq. follows [[καί]], [[and not even]], <b class="b3">καὶ οὐδ' αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ</b>… <span class="bibl">Th.7.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.4</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ</b>, most freq. in phrase <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὧς</b>… <span class="bibl">Il.7.263</span>,<span class="bibl">9.351</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">also not, not… either, nor yet</b>... <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος τοῦ δικαίου δοκεῖ τί σοι ἂν ἐθέλειν πλέον ἔχειν</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. [[οὐδαμῶς]]…; Qu. <b class="b3">τί δέ; τῆς δικαίας πράξεως</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. οὐ. τῆς δικαίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>349b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>19d</span>,<span class="bibl">21d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> Repetition of [[οὐδέ]] and combination with [[οὐ]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in Relat. as well as antec. clause, ὥσπερ οὐδ' ηὔχετο, οὐδ' ᾤετο Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.141a, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὐδέ</b>, as ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐ. νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>595</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>287</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. γὰρ οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.5.22</span>, <span class="bibl">6.130</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.32</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. μὲν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.2.703</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ μὰν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">23.441</span>, etc.; cf. [[οὐ]] c.</span>