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|Beta Code=lao/s
|Beta Code=lao/s
|Definition=ὁ, Ion. ληός <span class=bibl>Hippon.88</span>, <span class=bibl>Hdt.5.42</span> (<span class=sense><p><span class="bld">A</span> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[λαόν]], which is in all Mss. in <span class=bibl>4.148</span>), cj. in <span class=bibl>Mimn.14.9</span>; Att. λεώς, which is also used in <span class=bibl>Hdt.1.22</span>, <span class=bibl>8.136</span>, while the form [[λαός]] is sometimes used in Trag., and once or twice even in Com. (v. infr. <span class=bibl>1.3</span>): also in Inscrr. and Pap. (v. infr.) and in late Prose, as Foed.Byz. ap. <span class=bibl>Plb.4.52.7</span> (pl.), <span class=bibl>Str.14.4.3</span> (pl.), Plu.2.1096b, etc. (both forms in pr. nn., Λεωβώτης <span class=bibl>Hdt.7.204</span>, Λαβώτας <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>HG</span>1.2.18</span>, etc.). </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">1</span> in Il., <b class="b3">λαός </b> (λαοί) usually means [[men]], i.e. soldiers, both of the whole army and smaller divisions, κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν <span class=bibl>7.434</span>; λαὸν ἀγείρειν <span class=bibl>16.129</span>; πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν <span class=bibl>2.115</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ γε… ἄριστοι λ. ἕποντ</b>' ib.<span class=bibl>578</span>; στίχες ἀσπιστάων λ. <span class=bibl>4.91</span>; periphr., <b class="b3">στρατὸς λαῶν</b> ib.<span class=bibl>76</span>; λαῶν ἔθνος <span class=bibl>13.495</span>; mostly including both <b class='b2'>foot and horse</b>, as <span class=bibl>2.809</span>; but sometimes [[λαός]] denotes [[foot]], as opp. horse, <span class=bibl>7.342</span>; also, <b class='b2'>a land army</b>, opp. a fleet, <span class=bibl>4.76</span>, <span class=bibl>9.424</span>, <span class=bibl>10.14</span>; also, <b class='b2'>the common men</b>, opp. their leaders, <span class=bibl>2.365</span>, <span class=bibl>13.108</span>; but </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">2</span> in Od., [[λαοί]], more rarely [[λαός]], almost always means [[men]] or [[people]]; as [[subjects]] of a prince, e.g. <span class=bibl>3.214</span>, <span class=bibl>305</span>, al. ([[λαοί]] is sometimes so used in Il., e.g. <span class=bibl>17.226</span>, <span class=bibl>24.611</span>; <b class="b3">λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται</b> country-[[folk]], <span class=bibl>11.676</span>; [[work-people]], <span class=bibl>17.390</span>); of [[sailors]], <span class=bibl>Od.14.248</span>; so after Hom., <b class="b3">ναυτικὸς λεώς</b> seafaring [[folk]], <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Pers</span>.383</span>; πᾶς ὁ χειρῶναξ λεώς <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Fr</span>.844</span>; ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Pax</span>920</span> (lyr.): in sg., [[slave]], <b class="b3">τὸν Εὐρυσθέως λεών</b>, of Heracles, <span class=bibl>Hecat.23</span> J.; and so perhaps λεὼς αὔτοικος <span class=title>GDI</span>5533e (Zeleia): more generally, <b class="b3">μέροπες λαοί</b>, i.e. [[man]]kind, <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Supp</span>.90</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">λ. ἐγχώριοι</b> the natives, ib. <span class=bibl>517</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Od.6.194</span>; especially in Egypt, of the fellahin, <span class=bibl><span class=title>PRev.Laws</span>42.11</span>-<span class=bibl>16</span> (iii B. C.), <span class=bibl><span class=title>PSI</span>4.380.5</span> (iii B. C.), etc.; <b class='b2'>civil population</b>, opp. priests and soldiers, <span class=title>OGI</span>90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. 225.8 (Milet., iii B. C.), al. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">3</span> <b class='b2'>people assembled</b>, as in the theatre, ὁ πολὺς λαῶν ὄχλος <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Ra</span>.676</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>219</span> (both lyr.); especially in the Ecclesia, αἱ στίχες τῶν λαῶν <span class=bibl>Id.<span class=title>Eq</span>.163</span>: hence the phrase <b class="b3">ἀκούετε λεῴ</b> hear <b class='b2'>O people</b>!—the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our <span class=title>Oyez</span>! <span class=bibl>Sus.1.1</span>, <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Pax</span>551</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Av</span>.448</span>; <b class="b3">τιμῶσιν οἱ πάντες λεῴ</b> ib. <span class=bibl>1275</span>; δεῦρ' ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ <span class=bibl>Arist.<span class=title>Fr</span>.384</span>; Ἀττικὸς λεώς <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Eu</span>.681</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ πολὺς λεώς</b> <b class='b2'>the multitude</b>, <span class=bibl>Pl.<span class=title>R</span>.458d</span>, etc. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">4</span> in LXX, of [[the]] [[people]], as opp. priests and Levites, <span class=bibl><span class=title>1 Es</span>.5.46</span>; in <span class=title>NT</span>, of <span class=title>Jews</span>, opp. Gentiles, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Ev.Matt</span>.2.6</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Ev.Luc</span>.2.10</span>, al., cf. <span class=title>SIG</span>1247 (Jewish tombstones); of <span class=title>Christians</span>, opp. heathen, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Act.Ap</span>.15.14</span>, al. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">II</span> <b class='b2'>a people</b>, i.e. all who are called by one name, first in Pi., Δωριεῖ λαῷ <span class=bibl><span class=title>O</span>.8.30</span>; Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Pers</span>.770</span>; ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Ph</span>.1243</span>, cf. <span class=bibl><span class=title>OT</span>144</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἱππόται λαοί</b>, i.e. the Thessalians, <span class=bibl>Pi. <span class=title>P</span>.4.153</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>9.54</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>N</span>.1.17</span>. (The resemblance between [[λαός]] [[people]] and [[λᾶος]] [[stone]] (cf. [[λᾶας]]) is implied in <span class=bibl>Il.24.611</span> <b class="b3">λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων</b> (in the story of Niobe); and so Pi. explains the word from the legend of Deucalion, <span class=bibl><span class=title>O</span>.9.46</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Epich.122</span>, <span class=bibl>Apollod.1.7.2</span>; but cf. <span class=bibl>Philoch.12</span>.) (From λᾱϝ-, as shown by the pr.names Λαϝοπτόλεμος <span class=title>GDI</span>3151, [[ϝιόλαϝος]] ib.3132 (Corinth): hence prob. [[λήϊτον]].)</span>
|Definition=ὁ, Ion. ληός <span class=bibl>Hippon.88</span>, <span class=bibl>Hdt.5.42</span> (<span class=sense><p><span class="bld">A</span> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[λαόν]], which is in all Mss. in <span class=bibl>4.148</span>), cj. in <span class=bibl>Mimn.14.9</span>; Att. λεώς, which is also used in <span class=bibl>Hdt.1.22</span>, <span class=bibl>8.136</span>, while the form [[λαός]] is sometimes used in Trag., and once or twice even in Com. (v. infr. <span class=bibl>1.3</span>): also in Inscrr. and Pap. (v. infr.) and in late Prose, as Foed.Byz. ap. <span class=bibl>Plb.4.52.7</span> (pl.), <span class=bibl>Str.14.4.3</span> (pl.), Plu.2.1096b, etc. (both forms in pr. nn., Λεωβώτης <span class=bibl>Hdt.7.204</span>, Λαβώτας <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>HG</span>1.2.18</span>, etc.). </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">1</span> in Il., <b class="b3">λαός </b> (λαοί) usually means [[men]], i.e. soldiers, both of the whole army and smaller divisions, κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν <span class=bibl>7.434</span>; λαὸν ἀγείρειν <span class=bibl>16.129</span>; πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν <span class=bibl>2.115</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ γε… ἄριστοι λ. ἕποντ</b>' ib.<span class=bibl>578</span>; στίχες ἀσπιστάων λ. <span class=bibl>4.91</span>; periphr., <b class="b3">στρατὸς λαῶν</b> ib.<span class=bibl>76</span>; λαῶν ἔθνος <span class=bibl>13.495</span>; mostly including both <b class='b2'>foot and horse</b>, as <span class=bibl>2.809</span>; but sometimes [[λαός]] denotes [[foot]], as opp. horse, <span class=bibl>7.342</span>; also, <b class='b2'>a land army</b>, opp. a fleet, <span class=bibl>4.76</span>, <span class=bibl>9.424</span>, <span class=bibl>10.14</span>; also, <b class='b2'>the common men</b>, opp. their leaders, <span class=bibl>2.365</span>, <span class=bibl>13.108</span>; but </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">2</span> in Od., [[λαοί]], more rarely [[λαός]], almost always means [[men]] or [[people]]; as [[subjects]] of a prince, e.g. <span class=bibl>3.214</span>, <span class=bibl>305</span>, al. ([[λαοί]] is sometimes so used in Il., e.g. <span class=bibl>17.226</span>, <span class=bibl>24.611</span>; <b class="b3">λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται</b> country-[[folk]], <span class=bibl>11.676</span>; [[work-people]], <span class=bibl>17.390</span>); of [[sailors]], <span class=bibl>Od.14.248</span>; so after Hom., <b class="b3">ναυτικὸς λεώς</b> seafaring [[folk]], <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Pers</span>.383</span>; πᾶς ὁ χειρῶναξ λεώς <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Fr</span>.844</span>; ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Pax</span>920</span> (lyr.): in sg., [[slave]], <b class="b3">τὸν Εὐρυσθέως λεών</b>, of Heracles, <span class=bibl>Hecat.23</span> J.; and so perhaps λεὼς αὔτοικος <span class=title>GDI</span>5533e (Zeleia): more generally, <b class="b3">μέροπες λαοί</b>, i.e. [[man]]kind, <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Supp</span>.90</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">λ. ἐγχώριοι</b> the natives, ib. <span class=bibl>517</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Od.6.194</span>; especially in Egypt, of the fellahin, <span class=bibl><span class=title>PRev.Laws</span>42.11</span>-<span class=bibl>16</span> (iii B. C.), <span class=bibl><span class=title>PSI</span>4.380.5</span> (iii B. C.), etc.; <b class='b2'>civil population</b>, opp. priests and soldiers, <span class=title>OGI</span>90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. 225.8 (Milet., iii B. C.), al. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">3</span> <b class='b2'>people assembled</b>, as in the theatre, ὁ πολὺς λαῶν ὄχλος <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Ra</span>.676</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>219</span> (both lyr.); especially in the Ecclesia, αἱ στίχες τῶν λαῶν <span class=bibl>Id.<span class=title>Eq</span>.163</span>: hence the phrase <b class="b3">ἀκούετε λεῴ</b> hear <b class='b2'>O people</b>!—the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our <span class=title>Oyez</span>! <span class=bibl>Sus.1.1</span>, <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Pax</span>551</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Av</span>.448</span>; <b class="b3">τιμῶσιν οἱ πάντες λεῴ</b> ib. <span class=bibl>1275</span>; δεῦρ' ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ <span class=bibl>Arist.<span class=title>Fr</span>.384</span>; Ἀττικὸς λεώς <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Eu</span>.681</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ πολὺς λεώς</b> <b class='b2'>the multitude</b>, <span class=bibl>Pl.<span class=title>R</span>.458d</span>, etc. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">4</span> in LXX, of [[the]] [[people]], as opp. priests and Levites, <span class=bibl><span class=title>1 Es</span>.5.46</span>; in <span class=title>NT</span>, of <span class=title>Jews</span>, opp. Gentiles, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Ev.Matt</span>.2.6</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Ev.Luc</span>.2.10</span>, al., cf. <span class=title>SIG</span>1247 (Jewish tombstones); of <span class=title>Christians</span>, opp. heathen, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Act.Ap</span>.15.14</span>, al. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">II</span> <b class='b2'>a people</b>, i.e. all who are called by one name, first in Pi., Δωριεῖ λαῷ <span class=bibl><span class=title>O</span>.8.30</span>; Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Pers</span>.770</span>; ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Ph</span>.1243</span>, cf. <span class=bibl><span class=title>OT</span>144</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἱππόται λαοί</b>, i.e. the Thessalians, <span class=bibl>Pi. <span class=title>P</span>.4.153</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>9.54</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>N</span>.1.17</span>. (The resemblance between [[λαός]] [[people]] and [[λᾶος]] [[stone]] (cf. [[λᾶας]]) is implied in <span class=bibl>Il.24.611</span> <b class="b3">λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων</b> (in the story of Niobe); and so Pi. explains the word from the legend of Deucalion, <span class=bibl><span class=title>O</span>.9.46</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Epich.122</span>, <span class=bibl>Apollod.1.7.2</span>; but cf. <span class=bibl>Philoch.12</span>.) (From λᾱϝ-, as shown by the pr.names Λαϝοπτόλεμος <span class=title>GDI</span>3151, [[ϝιόλαϝος]] ib.3132 (Corinth): hence prob. [[λήϊτον]].)</span>
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{{bailly
|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br /><i>ion. att.</i> [[λεώς]];<br /><b>I.</b> peuple, en tant que réunion d'hommes, foule, masse ; <i>p. suite</i> :<br /><b>1</b> foule des guerriers, armée (chefs et soldats);<br /><b>2</b> foule du peuple ; <i>particul.</i> paysans, artisans, marins ; <i>en gén.</i> λαοὶ ἐγχώριοι ESCHL les nationaux, les habitants du pays ; μέροπες λαοί ESCHL les mortels;<br /><b>3</b> foule <i>en gén. ; d'où la formule</i> ἀκούετε, [[λεῴ]] AR écoutez, vous tous;<br /><b>II.</b> peuple, en tant que nation : Λυδῶν [[τε]] λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν ESCHL le peuple lydien et phrygien ; Ἀχαιῶν [[λαός]] IL le peuple achéen, <i>càd</i> grec.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG vieux mot *λαϜος à sens collectif, cf. <i>all.</i> Leute.
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|lstext='''λᾱός''': -οῦ, ὁ, Ἰων. [[ληός]], Ἱππῶναξ, 88, Ἡρόδ. 5. 42· Ἀττ. [[λεώς]], [[ὅπερ]] [[εἶναι]] ἐν χρήσει καὶ παρ’ Ἡροδ. 1. 22., 8. 136, ἐνῷ παρὰ Τραγ. [[εἶναι]] [[ἐνίοτε]] ἐν χρήσει ὁ [[τύπος]] λαὸς [[χάριν]] τοῦ μέτρου, καὶ [[ἅπαξ]] ἢ δὶς καὶ παρὰ κωμ.· [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐν μεταγεν. πεζῷ λόγῳ, ὡς ἐν Συνθήκ. Βυζ. παρὰ Πολυβ. 4. 52, 7, Πλουτ., κτλ.· (ὁ διπλοῦς [[τύπος]] φαίνεται [[ἐνίοτε]] εἰς πολλὰ κύρια ὀνόματα, Λεωβότης Ἡρόδ. 7. 204, Λαβώτας Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 1. 2, 18, κτλ.· οὕτω, Λεώκριτος, Λάκριτος· Λεωχάρης, Λαχάρης· Λεωσθένης, Λασθένης, κτλ.· ἴδε ἐν τέλ.) Ὁ λαὸς [[καθόλου]]· παρ’ Ὁμ. καὶ Ἡσιόδ. [[οὐδέποτε]] ὡς [[σῶμα]] πολιτικὸν [[ὅπως]] τὸ [[δῆμος]], ἀλλ’ [[ἁπλῶς]] ὡς [[ἄθροισμα]] ἀνθρώπων κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν [[ὅμως]] πρὸς τὸ [[ὅμαδος]], [[ὅπερ]] [[εἶναι]] [[ἁπλῶς]] [[ὄχλος]], Ἰλ. Η. 306 κἑξ.· ― [[ἐντεῦθεν]], 1) ἐν τῇ πολεμικῇ γλώσσῃ, τῆς Ἰλ. τὸ λαὸς σημαίνει ἄνδρας, δηλ. στρατιώτας (ὡς τὸ [[στρατός]]), ἐπί τε τοῦ ὅλου στρατοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ μικροτέρων διαιρέσεων, κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν Ἰλ. Η. 434· λαὸν ἀγείρειν ΙΙ. 129· πολὺν ὤλεσα λαὸν Β. 115· [[οὕτως]] ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἅμα τῷ γε... ἄριστοι λαοὶ ἕποντ’ Β. 578· [[στίχες]] ἀσπιστάων λαῶν Δ. 91· περιφρ., στρατὸς λαῶν αὐτόθ. 76· [[ἔθνος]] λαῶν Ν. 495· περιλαμβάνων ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πεζούς τε καὶ ἱππεῖς, ὡς Β. 809· ἀλλ’ [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ λαὸς δηλοῖ τοὺς πεζοὺς κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τοὺς ἱππέας, Η. 342· [[ὡσαύτως]] [[δύναμις]] κατὰ ξηράν, ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸν στόλον ἐν θαλάσσῃ, Δ. 76., Ι. 424., Κ. 14· [[ὡσαύτως]] οἱ κοινοὶ στρατιῶται ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς αὐτῶν, Β. 365., Ν. 108· ― ἀλλὰ 2) ἐν τῇ εἰρηνικῇ Ὀδυσσείᾳ λαοὶ καὶ σπανιώτερον [[λαός]], σχεδὸν ἀείποτε σημαίνει ἄνθρωποι τοῦ λαοῦ, ὁ [[λαός]], ὡς ὑπήκοοι τοῦ ἄρχοντος ἢ βασιλέως, π.χ. Γ. 214, 304 κ. ἀλλ.· ― [[μάλιστα]] [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ λαοὶ κεῖται ἐπὶ τοιαύτης ἐννοίας καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἰλ., π.χ. Ρ. 226., Ω.611· λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται, ἀγρόται, χωρικοί, Λ. 676· ἐργατικοὶ ἄνθρωποι, Ρ. 390· ἐπὶ ναυτῶν, Ὀδ. Ζ. 248· οὕτω καὶ μεθ’ Ὅμηρ., ναυτικὸς λεὼς Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 383· πᾶς ὁ [[χειρῶναξ]] λεὼς Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 724· ὁ γεωργικὸς λεὼς Ἀριστοφ. Εἰρ. 920· [[ὡσαύτως]], μέροπες λαοί, ὅ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος, Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 89· λ. ἐγχώριοι, οἱ ἐγχώριοι, ἄνθρωποι τοῦ τόπου, ἐπιτόπιοι, [[αὐτόθι]] 517, πρβλ. Ὀδ. Ζ. 194. 3)ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων συνηθροισμένων, [[οἷον]] ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, ὁ πολὺς λαῶν [[ὄχλος]] Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 676, πρβλ. 219· ἀλλὰ [[κυρίως]] ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, αἱ [[στίχες]] τῶν λαῶν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἱππ. 163· [[ἐντεῦθεν]] ἡ [[φράσις]] ἀκούετε λεῴ, ἄκουσον, ὦ λαέ! ― ὁ [[συνήθης]] [[τρόπος]] καθ’ ὃν ἤρχιζον τὰς προκηρύξεις ἐν Ἀθήναις, πρβλ. τὸ Ἀγγλικὸν Oyez! Σουσαρίων 1, Ἀριστοφ. Εἰρ. 551, Ὄρν. 448· δεῡρ’ ἴτε, πάντες λεῲ Ἀριστ. Ἀποσπ. 346, πρβλ. Βεντλεΰου Φάλαριν σ. 203· ― ὁ πολὺς [[λεώς]], τὸ [[πλῆθος]], ὁ [[ὄχλος]], Πλάτ. Πολ. 458D, κτλ. 4) παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβδ., ἐπὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ λευίτας, Α΄ Ἔσδρ. Ε΄, 46· ἐν τῇ Καινῇ Διαθ., ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ [[μετέπειτα]] ἐπὶ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἐθνικούς· παρὰ τοῖς Ἐκκλ., οἱ λαϊκοί, ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς κληρικοὺς ἢ ἱερωμένους ([[κλῆρος]]). ΙΙ. λαὸς ἢ [[φυλή]], πάντες οἱ καλούμενοι διὰ τοῦ [[αὐτοῦ]] ὀνόματος, πρῶτον παρὰ Πινδ., Δωριεῖ λαῷ Ο. 8. 40· Λυδῶν τε λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 770· ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαὸς Σοφ. Φιλ. 1243, πρβλ. Ο. Τ. 144, κτλ.· ἱππόται λαοί, δηλ. οἱ Θεσσαλοί, Πινδ. Π. 4. 273, πρβλ. 9. 93, Ν. 1. 25. (Ἡ [[ὁμοιότης]] ἡ μεταξὺ τῶν λέξεων λαὸς καὶ [[λᾶας]] ([[λίθος]]) ὑπονοεῖται ἐν Ἰλ. Ω. 611 λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε [[Κρονίων]] (ἐπὶ τῶν τέκνων τῆς Νιόβης)· καὶ [[οὕτως]] ὁ Πίνδ. ἑρμηνεύει τὴν λέξιν ἐκ τοῦ μύθου τοῦ Δευκαλίωνος, Ο. 9. 66 κ. ἑξ.· πρβλ. Ἐπίχ. παρὰ τῷ Σχολ. ἐν τόπῳ, Ἀπολλόδ. 1. 7, 3· ἄλλως Φιλόχ. 120. ― Ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ῥίζης παράγονται αἱ λέξ. [[λάϊτος]], λήιτος, [[λειτουργία]]· ― ὁ δὲ ἀρχικὸς [[τύπος]] ὅτι ἦτο ΛΑϜ, ὡς φαίνεται ἐκ τῶν κυρ. ὀνομάτων Λευτυχίδης (Λεωτυχίδης), Λαυαγήτας (Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 1466), Λαϝ-οκόϝων (Ἐπιγραφ. παρὰ Prisc. 1. 22., 6. 69)· πρβλ. Γοτθ. jagga-lauths ([[νεανίσκος]])· (Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. lewed, lœwd ([[λαϊκός]], [[ἀμαθής]])· Ἀρχ. Γερμ. liut (leute)· Σλαυ. ljudu· Λιθ. laudis.)
|lstext='''λᾱός''': -οῦ, ὁ, Ἰων. [[ληός]], Ἱππῶναξ, 88, Ἡρόδ. 5. 42· Ἀττ. [[λεώς]], [[ὅπερ]] [[εἶναι]] ἐν χρήσει καὶ παρ’ Ἡροδ. 1. 22., 8. 136, ἐνῷ παρὰ Τραγ. [[εἶναι]] [[ἐνίοτε]] ἐν χρήσει ὁ [[τύπος]] λαὸς [[χάριν]] τοῦ μέτρου, καὶ [[ἅπαξ]] ἢ δὶς καὶ παρὰ κωμ.· [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐν μεταγεν. πεζῷ λόγῳ, ὡς ἐν Συνθήκ. Βυζ. παρὰ Πολυβ. 4. 52, 7, Πλουτ., κτλ.· (ὁ διπλοῦς [[τύπος]] φαίνεται [[ἐνίοτε]] εἰς πολλὰ κύρια ὀνόματα, Λεωβότης Ἡρόδ. 7. 204, Λαβώτας Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 1. 2, 18, κτλ.· οὕτω, Λεώκριτος, Λάκριτος· Λεωχάρης, Λαχάρης· Λεωσθένης, Λασθένης, κτλ.· ἴδε ἐν τέλ.) Ὁ λαὸς [[καθόλου]]· παρ’ Ὁμ. καὶ Ἡσιόδ. [[οὐδέποτε]] ὡς [[σῶμα]] πολιτικὸν [[ὅπως]] τὸ [[δῆμος]], ἀλλ’ [[ἁπλῶς]] ὡς [[ἄθροισμα]] ἀνθρώπων κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν [[ὅμως]] πρὸς τὸ [[ὅμαδος]], [[ὅπερ]] [[εἶναι]] [[ἁπλῶς]] [[ὄχλος]], Ἰλ. Η. 306 κἑξ.· ― [[ἐντεῦθεν]], 1) ἐν τῇ πολεμικῇ γλώσσῃ, τῆς Ἰλ. τὸ λαὸς σημαίνει ἄνδρας, δηλ. στρατιώτας (ὡς τὸ [[στρατός]]), ἐπί τε τοῦ ὅλου στρατοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ μικροτέρων διαιρέσεων, κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν Ἰλ. Η. 434· λαὸν ἀγείρειν ΙΙ. 129· πολὺν ὤλεσα λαὸν Β. 115· [[οὕτως]] ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἅμα τῷ γε... ἄριστοι λαοὶ ἕποντ’ Β. 578· [[στίχες]] ἀσπιστάων λαῶν Δ. 91· περιφρ., στρατὸς λαῶν αὐτόθ. 76· [[ἔθνος]] λαῶν Ν. 495· περιλαμβάνων ὡς τὰ πολλὰ πεζούς τε καὶ ἱππεῖς, ὡς Β. 809· ἀλλ’ [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ λαὸς δηλοῖ τοὺς πεζοὺς κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τοὺς ἱππέας, Η. 342· [[ὡσαύτως]] [[δύναμις]] κατὰ ξηράν, ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸν στόλον ἐν θαλάσσῃ, Δ. 76., Ι. 424., Κ. 14· [[ὡσαύτως]] οἱ κοινοὶ στρατιῶται ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς αὐτῶν, Β. 365., Ν. 108· ― ἀλλὰ 2) ἐν τῇ εἰρηνικῇ Ὀδυσσείᾳ λαοὶ καὶ σπανιώτερον [[λαός]], σχεδὸν ἀείποτε σημαίνει ἄνθρωποι τοῦ λαοῦ, ὁ [[λαός]], ὡς ὑπήκοοι τοῦ ἄρχοντος ἢ βασιλέως, π.χ. Γ. 214, 304 κ. ἀλλ.· ― [[μάλιστα]] [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ λαοὶ κεῖται ἐπὶ τοιαύτης ἐννοίας καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἰλ., π.χ. Ρ. 226., Ω.611· λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται, ἀγρόται, χωρικοί, Λ. 676· ἐργατικοὶ ἄνθρωποι, Ρ. 390· ἐπὶ ναυτῶν, Ὀδ. Ζ. 248· οὕτω καὶ μεθ’ Ὅμηρ., ναυτικὸς λεὼς Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 383· πᾶς ὁ [[χειρῶναξ]] λεὼς Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 724· ὁ γεωργικὸς λεὼς Ἀριστοφ. Εἰρ. 920· [[ὡσαύτως]], μέροπες λαοί, ὅ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος, Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 89· λ. ἐγχώριοι, οἱ ἐγχώριοι, ἄνθρωποι τοῦ τόπου, ἐπιτόπιοι, [[αὐτόθι]] 517, πρβλ. Ὀδ. Ζ. 194. 3)ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων συνηθροισμένων, [[οἷον]] ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, ὁ πολὺς λαῶν [[ὄχλος]] Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 676, πρβλ. 219· ἀλλὰ [[κυρίως]] ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, αἱ [[στίχες]] τῶν λαῶν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἱππ. 163· [[ἐντεῦθεν]] ἡ [[φράσις]] ἀκούετε λεῴ, ἄκουσον, ὦ λαέ! ― ὁ [[συνήθης]] [[τρόπος]] καθ’ ὃν ἤρχιζον τὰς προκηρύξεις ἐν Ἀθήναις, πρβλ. τὸ Ἀγγλικὸν Oyez! Σουσαρίων 1, Ἀριστοφ. Εἰρ. 551, Ὄρν. 448· δεῡρ’ ἴτε, πάντες λεῲ Ἀριστ. Ἀποσπ. 346, πρβλ. Βεντλεΰου Φάλαριν σ. 203· ― ὁ πολὺς [[λεώς]], τὸ [[πλῆθος]], ὁ [[ὄχλος]], Πλάτ. Πολ. 458D, κτλ. 4) παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβδ., ἐπὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ λευίτας, Α΄ Ἔσδρ. Ε΄, 46· ἐν τῇ Καινῇ Διαθ., ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ [[μετέπειτα]] ἐπὶ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς ἐθνικούς· παρὰ τοῖς Ἐκκλ., οἱ λαϊκοί, ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τοὺς κληρικοὺς ἢ ἱερωμένους ([[κλῆρος]]). ΙΙ. λαὸς ἢ [[φυλή]], πάντες οἱ καλούμενοι διὰ τοῦ [[αὐτοῦ]] ὀνόματος, πρῶτον παρὰ Πινδ., Δωριεῖ λαῷ Ο. 8. 40· Λυδῶν τε λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 770· ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαὸς Σοφ. Φιλ. 1243, πρβλ. Ο. Τ. 144, κτλ.· ἱππόται λαοί, δηλ. οἱ Θεσσαλοί, Πινδ. Π. 4. 273, πρβλ. 9. 93, Ν. 1. 25. (Ἡ [[ὁμοιότης]] ἡ μεταξὺ τῶν λέξεων λαὸς καὶ [[λᾶας]] ([[λίθος]]) ὑπονοεῖται ἐν Ἰλ. Ω. 611 λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε [[Κρονίων]] (ἐπὶ τῶν τέκνων τῆς Νιόβης)· καὶ [[οὕτως]] ὁ Πίνδ. ἑρμηνεύει τὴν λέξιν ἐκ τοῦ μύθου τοῦ Δευκαλίωνος, Ο. 9. 66 κ. ἑξ.· πρβλ. Ἐπίχ. παρὰ τῷ Σχολ. ἐν τόπῳ, Ἀπολλόδ. 1. 7, 3· ἄλλως Φιλόχ. 120. ― Ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ῥίζης παράγονται αἱ λέξ. [[λάϊτος]], λήιτος, [[λειτουργία]]· ― ὁ δὲ ἀρχικὸς [[τύπος]] ὅτι ἦτο ΛΑϜ, ὡς φαίνεται ἐκ τῶν κυρ. ὀνομάτων Λευτυχίδης (Λεωτυχίδης), Λαυαγήτας (Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 1466), Λαϝ-οκόϝων (Ἐπιγραφ. παρὰ Prisc. 1. 22., 6. 69)· πρβλ. Γοτθ. jagga-lauths ([[νεανίσκος]])· (Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. lewed, lœwd ([[λαϊκός]], [[ἀμαθής]])· Ἀρχ. Γερμ. liut (leute)· Σλαυ. ljudu· Λιθ. laudis.)
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|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br /><i>ion. att.</i> [[λεώς]];<br /><b>I.</b> peuple, en tant que réunion d'hommes, foule, masse ; <i>p. suite</i> :<br /><b>1</b> foule des guerriers, armée (chefs et soldats);<br /><b>2</b> foule du peuple ; <i>particul.</i> paysans, artisans, marins ; <i>en gén.</i> λαοὶ ἐγχώριοι ESCHL les nationaux, les habitants du pays ; μέροπες λαοί ESCHL les mortels;<br /><b>3</b> foule <i>en gén. ; d'où la formule</i> ἀκούετε, [[λεῴ]] AR écoutez, vous tous;<br /><b>II.</b> peuple, en tant que nation : Λυδῶν [[τε]] λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν ESCHL le peuple lydien et phrygien ; Ἀχαιῶν [[λαός]] IL le peuple achéen, <i>càd</i> grec.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG vieux mot *λαϜος à sens collectif, cf. <i>all.</i> Leute.
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