βασιλεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. βασιλέως, Ep. βασιλῆος, Cypr. βασιλῆϝος <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>104,135H.: acc. [[βασιλέα]], contr. βασιλῆ Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.220</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>781.24</span> (lyr.): nom. pl. [[βασιλεῖς]], Aeol. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> βασίληες <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>6.4</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">βασίλειες</b> ib. 646a45, al., Ep. βασιλῆες, old Att. βασιλῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>188</span>,<span class="bibl">960</span> (both lyr.), cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">1.430</span>: acc. pl. [[βασιλέας]] <span class="title">IG</span>12.115, later [[βασιλεῖς]] ib.2.243, etc.:— [[king]], [[chief]], Hom., etc.: freq. with collat. sense of [[captain]] or [[judge]], <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>202</span>; διοτρεφέες β. <span class="bibl">Il.2.445</span>, etc.; θεῖοι <span class="bibl">Od.4.691</span>, etc.; later, [[hereditary]] [[king]], opp. [[τύραννος]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1160b3</span>, etc.; but also of tyrants, as Hiero, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.23</span>; of Gelo, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.161</span>; of [[Pisistratus]], <span class="bibl">Eup.123</span>, cf. Sch. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>: joined with a Subst., βασιλεὺς ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.3.170</span>, etc.; ἀνὴρ β. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>; [[ἄναξ]] βασιλεύς = [[lord]] [[king]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">B.17.1</span>: c. gen., βασιλεὺς νεῶν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>114</span> (anap.); [[οἰωνῶν βασιλεύς]], of the [[eagle]], ibid., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.21</span>: Comp. [[βασιλεύτερος]] = [[more]] [[kingly]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.160</span>,<span class="bibl">392</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.533</span>, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.7</span>: Sup. [[βασιλεύτατος]] <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of the gods, Ζεὺς θεῶν β. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>886</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.128.2</span>, etc. (in this sense Hom. uses [[ἄναξ]]); as cult title of Zeus, <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.90 (Lebad.), <span class="title">SIG</span>1014.110 (Erythrae), etc. (but [[Ζεὺς βασιλεύς]], = [[Ahuramazda]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.21</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>4.20.3</span>); ὁ [[μέγας]] [[βασιλεύς]], of [[God]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>47(48).2</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.107</span>: Sup. βασιλεύτατοι τῶν θεῶν <span class="bibl">Max.Tyr.29.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> as a title of rank, [[prince]], β. εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ἐν… Ἰθάκῃ <span class="bibl">Od.1.394</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.390</span>, etc.; of Cyrus, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 4.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[descendant]] of a [[royal]] [[house]], especially in [[Ionia]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span> 41.3</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλέων οἶκοι</b> '[[estate]]s of the [[royal]] [[house]]', [[name]] of a [[district]] in [[Chios]], [[Ἀθηνᾶ]] <span class="bibl">20.168</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[lord]], [[master]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.556</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., πόλεμος πάντων β. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.53</span>; νόμος ὁ πάντων β. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> at [[Athens]], the second of the nine [[Archon]]s, IG12.76, al., <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.6.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285b17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span> 57</span>, etc.; ἡ τοῦ β. στοά <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> title of [[magistrate]]s in other Greek states, as [[βασιλᾶες]] at Elis, <span class="title">GDI</span>1152, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6 (Mytil.), etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1322b29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> at Rome, [[βασιλεὺς τῶν ἱερῶν]] = [[rex sacrorum]], <span class="bibl">D.H.5.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.C.54.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> after the [[Persian]] [[war]] (without Art.), the [[king]] of [[Persia]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.174</span>,al.; ἄναξ Ξέρξης β. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">144</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.48</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.141 (<b class="b3">βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου</b>, of the [[Satrap]]s, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">44</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>2.22</span>); less freq. ὁ βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.132</span>,<span class="bibl">137</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1304b13</span>; β. ὁ μέγας <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.188</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of [[Alexander]] and his [[successor]]s, usually with Art., <span class="title">IG</span>22.641,687, <span class="bibl">Men.293</span>,<span class="bibl">340</span>(pl.); Σέλευκος <span class="bibl">Antiph.187</span>; [[Ἀντίγονος]] Alex.III; [[Πτολεμαῖος]] <span class="bibl">Id.244</span>; Ὀσυμανδύας βασιλεὺς βασιλέων <span class="bibl">D.S. 1.47</span>; title used by [[Parthian]] [[king]]s, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>38</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.37.6</span>, etc.; by [[Antony]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>54</span>; of [[God]], Apoc.17.14,19.16. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the [[Roman]] [[emperor]]s, AP10.25 (Antip. Thess.); βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>588.10</span> (i A.D.), etc., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>14.15.14</span>; βασιλεὺς αὐτοκράτωρ <span class="title">IG</span>3.13 ([[Hadrian]]), <span class="bibl">Hdn.1.6.5</span>; without Art., <span class="bibl">Paus.10.32.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of any [[great]] [[man]], πένησί τε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν <span class="bibl">Ps.-Phoc.113</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[first]] or [[most]] [[distinguished]] of any [[class]], Ἡρώδην τὸν β. τῶν λόγων <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VS</span>2.10.1</span>, cf. Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>II; [[winner]] at a game, <span class="bibl">Poll.9.106</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>146a</span>; [[Stoic]] [[sage]], μόνος β. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>16</span>; βασιλέως [[ἐγκέφαλος]] = '[[morsel]] [[fit]] for a [[king]]', <span class="bibl">Clearch.5</span>; [[βασίλεια σῦκα]], name of a [[choice]] kind of [[fig]]s, Philem.Lex. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.76f</span>., cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.6.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> = [[συμποσίαρχος]], Plu.2.622a, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sat.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[wren]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>592b27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[queen-bee]], ib.<span class="bibl">623b9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>759a20</span>, etc. (The form [[βασιλέα]] is scanned in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.39</span>; codd. [[βασίλεια]].) </span>