amicus: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>ămīcus</b>: (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. amo,<br /><b>I</b> [[friendly]], [[kind]], [[amicable]], favorable, inclined to, [[liking]]; constr. [[with]] dat., Zumpt, Gram. § 410: [[animo]] esse [[amico]] [[erga]] aliquem, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3: tribuni sunt nobis amici, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.: [[homo]] [[amicus]] nobis jam [[inde]] a puero, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86: Pompeium [[tibi]] [[valde]] amicum esse cognovi, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5: [[amicus]] non [[magis]] tyranno [[quam]] tyrannidi, Nep. [[Dion]], 3, 2; id. Att. 9: [[male]] [[numen]] amicum, Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834: (Fortuna) [[amica]] varietati constantiam respuit, Cic. N. D. 2, 16: [[amica]] [[luto]] sus, [[fond]] of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—Comp.: mihi [[nemo]] est amicior Attico, Cic. Att. 16, 16: amicior Cilicum aerariis [[quam]] nostro, id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.—Sup.: Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem [[atque]] amicissimum rei publicae nostrae, Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2: cum summi viri, tum amicissimi, id. Am. 2, 8: amicissimi viri, Suet. Caes. 1: [[successor]] conjunctissimus et amicissimus, Cic. Fam. 3, 3: hoc [[libro]] ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi, id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 ([[but]] the comp. and [[sup]]. [[may]] [[sometimes]] be rendered as belonging to 2. [[amicus]], a greater [[friend]], the greatest [[friend]], as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. [[βασιλεύς]] etc.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of things, [[kindly]], [[pleasing]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]].; so Cic. [[rarely]]): [[nihil]] homini [[amico]] est opportuno amicius, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44: [[secundum]] te [[nihil]] est mihi amicius solitudine, Cic. Att. 12, 15: [[portus]] intramus amicos, Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. ib. 5, 416: [[vento]] [[amico]] ferri, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17: per [[amica]] silentia lunae, Verg. A. 2, 255: amici imbres, id. G. 4, 115: [[sidus]] amicum, Hor. Epod. 10, 9: sol amicum [[tempus]] [[agens]], [[bringing]] the [[welcome]] [[hour]], id. C. 3, 6, 43: [[tempus]] fraudibus amicum, Stat. S. 5, 2, 39: [[brevitas]] postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est, Cic. Quinct. 34.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Amicum est mihi ([[after]] the Gr. φίλον ἐστί μοι; in [[pure]] Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); [[with]] inf., it pleases me, it accords [[with]] my feelings: nec dis amicum est nec mihi te [[prius]] Obire, Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a [[friendly]] [[manner]], [[kindly]], [[amicably]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Class. form ămīcē: facis [[amice]], Cic. Am. 2, 9: haec accipienda [[amice]], id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.—Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.<br /><b>ămīcus</b>: i, m. from amo, as [[φίλος]] from [[φιλέω]], and from (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> A [[friend]]; constr. [[with]] gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 410: est is ([[amicus]]) [[tamquam]] [[alter]] [[idem]], Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17): amicum qui intuetur, [[tamquam]] [[exemplar]] intuetur sui, id. Am. 7, 23: Non tam [[utilitas]] parta per amicum, [[quam]] amici [[amor]] [[ipse]] delectat, id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus [[certus]] in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64: boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt, Cic. ib. 20, 74: ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut [[quattuor]] nominantur paria amicorum, id. ib. 4, 15: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57: [[vetus]] [[verbum]] hoc est, Communia esse amicorum [[inter]] se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18: Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum, Ov. P. 2, 3, 93: [[Alba]] [[tuus]] antiquissimus non [[solum]] [[amicus]], [[verum]] [[etiam]] [[amator]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.: hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii [[fabula]], id. Am. 7, 24: suis incommodis [[graviter]] angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est, of one [[loving]] not his [[friend]], [[but]] [[himself]], id. ib. 3, 10: ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere, id. ib. 13, 44: [[paternus]] [[amicus]] ac [[pernecessarius]], id. Fl. 6, 14: [[amicus]] [[novus]], id. Am. 19, 67: [[vetus]], id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53: amici ac familiares veteres, Suet. Tib. 55: [[aequaevus]], Verg. A. 5, 452: [[ardens]], id. ib. 9, 198: [[dulcis]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31: [[carus]], Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7: jucundus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 93: amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum, Suet. Tib. 42: [[amicus]] [[propior]], Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5: [[fidelis]], id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14: [[fidus]], Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24: [[verus]], Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12: [[mendax]], Hor. A. P. 425: secernere blandum amicum a [[vero]], Cic. Am. 25, 95: [[memor]], Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33: [[summus]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1: [[primus]], Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65: amici tristes, Hor. C. 1, 7, 24: maesti, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5: [[dives]], Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24: [[inops]], id. S. 1, 2, 5: inferioris ordinis amici, Cic. Am. 19, 69: communes amici, Cic. Fam. 5, 2: [[amice]], [[salve]]! Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13: magnanimi veritatis amici, Cic. Off. 1, 19: amicos parare, Ter. And. 1, 1, 39: amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem, Cic. Am. 15, 55: [[minus]] amicorum habens, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22: me unum [[atque]] unicum amicum habuit, Cat. 73, 6; amicos habere, Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11: nos sibi amicos junget, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54: amicum servare, id. ib.: amicum servare per durum [[tempus]], Ov. P. 2, 6, 29: [[aliquo]] uti [[amico]], to [[have]] one as a [[friend]], Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96: sibi amicum facere, Vulg. Luc. 16, 9: amicum diligere, Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6: [[amico]] inservire, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8: [[amico]] parcere, Hor. S. 1, 4, 35: et monendi amici [[saepe]] sunt et objurgandi, Cic. Am. 24, 88: [[amico]] ignoscere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110: angorem pro [[amico]] capere, Cic. Am. 13, 48: amici jacentem animum excitare, id. ib. 16, 59: amicum consolari, Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41: [[amico]] orbatus, Cic. Am. 3, 10: amicum offendere, Hor. S. 1, 3, 73: non paucis [[munitus]] amicis, Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for [[patronus]], [[patron]], [[protector]]; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2: [[amicus]] [[potens]], [[powerful]] [[friend]], id. C. 2, 18, 12; so, [[magnus]], Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56: valentissimi, id. ib. 35.—And for [[socius]], [[companion]]: [[trepido]] fugam exprobravit [[amico]], Ov. M. 13, 69.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In polit. relations, a [[friend]] of the State ([[who]] [[was]] not [[always]] [[socius]], an [[ally]], [[but]] the [[socius]] [[was]] [[always]] [[amicus]]; cf. [[amicitia]]): [[Deiotarus]] ex [[animo]] [[amicus]], [[unus]] [[fidelis]] [[populo]] Romano, Cic. Phil. 11, 13: [[socio]] [[atque]] [[amico]] regi, Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In and [[after]] the Aug. per., a [[counsellor]], [[courtier]], [[minister]] of a [[prince]], Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.: fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni, id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In bon. [[part]]., a [[female]] [[friend]] ([[very]] [[rare]]; cf. [[ἑταίρα]] in Hom., Aristoph., [[Plato]]): amicae, cognatae, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16: at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc., id. ib. 5, 2, 24: Me (laedit) [[soror]] et cum quae dormit [[amica]] [[simul]], Prop. 2, 6, 12: ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In mal. [[part]]., = [[meretrix]], a [[concubine]], [[mistress]], [[courtesan]] (esp. freq. in the [[comic]] poets; so in Gr. [[ἑταίρα]] com. in Att. [[usage]]): eum [[suus]] [[pater]] ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8: mulierem pejorem [[quam]] haec [[amica]] est Phaedromi non vidi, Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.: [[sive]] ista [[uxor]] [[sive]] [[amica]] est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144.

{{Georges

|georg=amīcus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. ([[Stamm]] AM, [[wovon]] [[auch]] [[amo]] u. [[amor]]), der da liebt, der [[mit]] [[Wort]] und [[Tat]] unterstützt, [[für]] den [[Nutzen]] und das [[Wohl]] [[einer]] [[Person]] arbeitet, I) adi., befreundet, [[freundlich]] [[gesinnt]], [[wohlwollend]], [[gewogen]], [[geneigt]], [[günstig]] (Ggstz. [[inimicus]]), a) v. leb. [[Wesen]] u. deren [[Gemüt]] usw.: α) absol., [[amicus]] od. amicissimus [[animus]], Cic.: amicae civitates, Caes.: [[amice]] [[lector]]! Mart.: homines [[sibi]] conciliare amiciores, Cic.: [[praesidium]] [[quam]] amicissimum, [[möglichst]] [[treu]] ergebene [[Bedeckung]], Caes.: [[vir]] benevolentissimus [[atque]] amicissimus, Cic.: ex alienissimis sociis amicissimos reddere, Cic.: [[agmen]] amicum ([[von]] Freunden), Ov.: [[vultus]], [[des]] Freundes, Verg., freundliches, Ov.: [[vires]], Ov.: v. Tieren, amici pavones et columbae, Plin. 10, 207. – β) m. [[inter]] se od. [[erga]] alqm od. m. Dat., ut amici [[inter]] [[nos]] [[simus]], Ter.: si [[umquam]] [[erga]] te [[animo]] [[esse]] [[amico]] sensisti [[eum]], Ter.: [[amicus]] [[amico]] Acc. fr., [[Komik]]. u. Petr. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 660): [[homo]] [[amicus]] [[nobis]] [[iam]] [[inde]] a puero, Ter.: [[velim]] ut [[tibi]] [[amicus]] sit, Cic.: [[mihi]] [[nemo]] est amicior Attico, Cic.: regem [[nec]] inimiciorem [[ulli]] [[populo]] [[quam]] Carthaginiensi [[nec]] amiciorem [[quam]] [[populo]] Romano [[esse]] affirmabant, Liv.: [[amica]] [[luto]] [[sus]], Hor.: [[amicus]] patriae, [[amicus]] legibus, Treb. Poll.: [[non]] fortunae, [[sed]] hominibus solebat [[esse]] [[amicus]], Nep.: ut [[ego]] amicior invenirer Phrygum et Cilicum aerariis [[quam]] nostro, Cic.: [[neque]] [[illi]] amiciores [[rei]] publicae [[quam]] [[ego]], Cic.: u. [[bes]]. amicum [[esse]] [[sibi]], [[sich]] [[selbst]] [[nicht]] [[gram]] (kein [[Stiefbruder]]) [[sein]], Hor. [[sat]]. 1, 2, 20: u. [[esse]] amicum rebus [[suis]], [[mit]] seiner [[Lage]] [[zufrieden]] [[sein]], Sen. de vit. beat. 6, 2: u. alqm [[sibi]] reddere amicum, [[mit]] [[sich]] [[befreunden]], [[zufrieden]] [[machen]], Hor. ep. 1, 18, 101. – b) v. Lebl.: [[portus]], Verg.: [[ventus]], Ov.: imbres, Verg.: silentia lunae, Verg.: dicta, Verg.: amicius [[arvum]], Ov.: [[quid]] [[inter]] [[tam]] dissimiles amicum [[esse]] poterat? welch freundschaftliches [[Verhältnis]] konnte [[bestehen]] [[zwischen]] usw., Vell. 2, 45, 1: amicum est [[mihi]] (= φίλον εστί μοι), m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., es ist [[nach]] meinem Sinne, Hor. carm. 2, 17, 2: [[nihil]] homini amicost opportuno amicius, Plaut. Epid. 425: [[secundum]] te [[nihil]] est [[mihi]] amicius solitudine, ist mir [[lieber]], Cic. ad Att. 12, 15. – II) subst.: A) amīcus, ī, m., a) der [[Freund]], [[mit]] dem [[man]] die [[heiligen]] Gefühle der [[Liebe]] u. [[Achtung]] teilt, [[sowie]] übh. der gute [[Freund]], verb. [[amicus]] [[atque]] [[aequalis]] [[suus]], Ter.: [[amicus]] [[bonus]], Nep.: [[vetus]], Cic.: [[intimus]], Cic.: [[magnus]], intimer, Cur. b. Cic.: [[fidus]], [[infidus]], Cic.: [[firmus]] ac [[fidelis]], Cic.: [[melior]] et fidelior, Liv.: [[carus]], Hor.: [[verus]], Cic. u. (Ggstz. [[mendax]]) Hor.: [[summus]], der [[beste]], Ter.: Superl., [[Cato]] amicissimus [[meus]], [[mein]] allerbester Fr., Cic. – amici est m. folg. Infin., es verrät [[Freundschaft]], Cic. de amic. 14. – [[für]] [[patronus]], [[Gönner]], Hor. u. Iuven. – [[für]] [[socius]], Genosse, [[Gefährte]], Ov. [[met]]. 13, 69. – u. [[wie]] [[unser]] [[Freund]] = [[Verehrer]] [[von]] [[etwas]], veritatis, Cic. – b) in polit. Verhältnissen, α) der polit. [[Freund]], [[Anhänger]], amici clientesque Gracchorum, Vell. 2, 7. § 1; vgl. 2, 7. § 3. – β) der auswärtige Staatsfreund, [[oft]] verb. [[socius]] amicusque, [[socius]] [[atque]] [[amicus]], Cic., Sall. u.a. – c) Plur., amici, α) die [[Umgebung]] [[des]] Fürsten (Würdenträger, [[Hofleute]]), Sall. u.a. – β) = εταιροι ἱππεις, die Hetären, die [[Leibwache]] (der mazedonischen Könige) zu Pferde, [[prima]] [[cohors]] amicorum, Curt. 6, 7 (26), 7: alqm in cohortem amicorum recipere, Curt. 6, 2 (5), 11. – γ) die [[Umgebung]] [[des]] römischen Prätors in der [[Provinz]] ( [[cohors]] [[praetoria]]), Suet. Caes. 70 u. 79, 3 a. – δ) die [[Schar]] der Höflinge [[des]] Kaisers, Suet. Cal. 19, 2 u.a. – B) amīca, ae, f., die Freundin, a) im edlen Sinne, [[von]] der [[Frau]] [[gegen]] die [[Frau]], die Freundin, Gespielin, [[Komik]]., Ov. u. Iuven. – b) im unedlen Sinne (urspr. anständige Bezeichnung [[für]] [[meretrix]], [[paelex]], [[concubina]], die [[aber]] [[bald]] die schlimme [[Bedeutung]] »[[Mätresse]]« gewann, daß [[sogar]] im Rechtsstile [[concubina]] ehrbarer lautete, s. [[Massur]]. b. Paul. dig. 50, 16, 144), [[wie]] εταίρα, die [[Geliebte]], das Kebsweib, die Beischläferin, [[Mätresse]], [[Buhle]], [[Komik]]., Cic. u.a. – / Altlat. amecus, [[ameca]], [[nach]] Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 15, 6. u. ameicus, Plaut. Poen. 1213. – Nomin. Plur. amicei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 204. col. 1, 7: Gen. Plur. ameicorum, ibid. 1, 203, 7, synk. amicûm, Ter. heaut. prol. 24. – Dat. u. Abl. Plur. amiceis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1203 u. 1422, od. ameiceis, ibid. 1267: Dat. Plur. amicabus, [[nach]] Prob. inst. (IV) 82, 17.

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