καταβάλλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">-βᾰλῶ</b>: aor. [[κατέβᾰλον]]; Ep. 3sg. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> κάββαλε <span class="bibl">Od. 6.172</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>189</span>, etc.; imper. καββαλόντων <span class="title">Foed.Delph.Pell.</span>1<span class="title">B</span> 14:—[[throw down]], [[overthrow]], κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον <span class="bibl">Il.2.414</span>; ἐς μέσσον κ. τι <span class="bibl">15.357</span>; ἐνὶ πόντῳ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>189</span>; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς <span class="bibl">Il.23.125</span>(tm.); ἐπὶ Χθονί <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>462</span>, etc.; κ. ([[τινὰ]]) ἐνθάδε <span class="bibl">Od.6.172</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ οἰκήματα, τὰ ἀγάλματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">8.109</span>; τεῖχος <span class="bibl">Th.7.24</span>; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.41</span>; ἀπ' ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>15e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐς τὸ μηδέν</b> [[to bring down]] to nothing, opp. <b class="b3">ἐξᾶραι ὑψοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.79</span>; <b class="b3">κάββαλλε τὸν Χείμωνα</b> [[confound]], [[defy]] the storm, <span class="bibl">Alc.34.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἑαυτόν</b> [[throw]] oneself down to sleep, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>38</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[strike down]] with a weapon, [[slay]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.692</span>(tm.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.64</span>, etc.; by a blow, κ. πατάξας <span class="bibl">Lys.13.71</span>; especially of slaying victims, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1603</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.20</span>; κ. θῦμα δαίμοσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1246</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., to [[be stricken]], νόσῳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1121.9</span>(iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[throw]] into prison, κ. τινὰ ἐς ἐρκτήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.146</span>: generally, [[throw]], [[bring]] into a certain state, κ. ([[τινὰ]]) ἐς ξυμφοράς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>606</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.58</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀπορίαν, εἰς ἀπιστίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>15e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>88c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[overthrow]], [[refute]], <b class="b3">οἱ -βάλλοντες</b> (sc. [[λόγοι]]), title of work by Protagoras: κ. τινά <span class="bibl">Democr.125</span>; δόξαν <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>6.20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[abuse]], [[bully]], Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.164S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[cast down]] or [[away]], [[cast off]], [[reject]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.24</span>: metaph., [[forget]], <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Fr.</span>111</span>; <b class="b3">κ. εἴς τι</b> [[throw away]] upon a thing, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>960e</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">οἱ καταβεβλημένοι</b> [[despicable fellows]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.8</span>; cf. [[καταβεβλημένως]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[let fall]], [[drop]], ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν <span class="bibl">Il.5.343</span>; <b class="b3">κάββαλε νεβρόν</b>, of an eagle, <span class="bibl">8.249</span>; of a fawning dog, οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω <span class="bibl">Od.17.302</span>; <b class="b3">ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.85</span>; of sails, καθ' ἱστία λευκὰ βαλόντες <span class="bibl">Thgn.671</span>; τἀκάτια <span class="bibl">Epicr.10</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς</b> βαλεῖ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>574</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς ὀφρῦς κ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>167</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ κέρατα</b> [[droop]] their feelers, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>590b26</span>: in Politics, [[abandon]] a measure, καταβάλλοντ' ἐᾶν ἐν ὑπωμοσίᾳ <span class="bibl">D.18.103</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[lay down]], [[set down]], κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ <span class="bibl">Il.9.206</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>165</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>727</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[lay down]], [[lay in]] stores, κ. σιτία <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.25</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">κὰτ ἄσπιδες βεβλήμεναι</b> [[stored up]], <span class="bibl">Alc.15.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[pay down]], [[yield]], [[bring in]], ἡ λίμνη καταβάλλει ἐπ' ἡμέρην ἑκάστην τάλαντον ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.149</span>; τὰς ἐπικαρπίας τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">And.1.92</span>, cf. Lexib.<span class="bibl">93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[pay]], τἀργύριον <span class="bibl">Th. 1.27</span>; τριώβολον <span class="bibl">Amips.13</span>; ἀρραβῶνα <span class="bibl">Men.743</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span>48.10</span>(iii B.C.), etc.; τιμήν τινι ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>932d</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Vit.Auct.</span> 25</span>; τέλη <span class="title">GDI</span>5018a17 (Gortyn), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>29.6</span> (iii B.C.); λύτρα <span class="title">GDI</span> 5151.8 (Cret., found at Delphi); <b class="b3">καταβαλών σοι δραχμὴν τῶν βοτρύων</b> for them, Philostr.<span class="title">Her.Praef.</span>1; <b class="b3">κ. ζημίαν</b> [[pay up]], [[discharge]] a fine, <span class="bibl">D. 24.83</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">59.27</span>:—later in Med., μισθὸν καταβαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[put in]], [[deposit]], in Pass., εἰ ἡ μαρτυρία κατεβάλλετο ἐνταῦθα <span class="bibl">D.34.46</span>:—but usually in Med., [[deposit]], γράμματα εἰς κιβωτόν <span class="title">BCH</span>25.100 (Tlos), cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).3.15 (Rhodes); <b class="b3">ψευδεῖς γραφὰς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα</b> Docum. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.55</span>; λόγους <span class="title">IG</span>7.2850 (Haliartus); δόγμα <span class="title">GDI</span>5182.10 (Cret., found at Teos). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[throw down]] seed, [[sow]], <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Georg.</span>37</span>, cf. <b class="b3">καταβλητέον; κ. τὸ σπέρμα</b>, of the male, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Nat.</span>908.1</span>:—Pass., <span class="title">Placit.</span>5.7.4, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Ocell.4.14</span>: metaph., σπέρμα κ. τοιούτων πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">D.24.154</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φάτιν ὡς .</b>. [[spread abroad]] a rumour, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.122</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>758</span>(lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[lay down as a foundation]], mostly in Med., τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>803a</span>: esp. metaph., <b class="b3">-βαλλομένα μέγαν οἶκτον</b> [[beginning]] a lament (cf. infr. <span class="bibl">8</span>), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>164</span>(lyr.); Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο <span class="bibl">Str. 17.3.22</span>; καταβαλέσθαι τοὐπτάνιον <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.39</span>; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν <span class="bibl">D.S.12.20</span>; τὴν Στωϊκῶν αἵρεσιν Plu.2.329a: hence generally, [[to be the author of]], [[commit to writing]], ἱστορικὰς καταβαλόμενοι πραγματείας <span class="bibl">D.H.1.1</span>; [[λόγον]] Darius ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.9.13</span>; φλυαρίας Gal.7.476:— Pass., ὅταν δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ… ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1261</span>: freq. metaph., δεδημοσιωμένα που καταβέβληται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>232d</span>; πολλοὶ λόγοι πρὸς αὐτὰ -βέβληνται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1096a10</span>; <b class="b3">καταβεβλημέναι μαθήσεις</b> [[fundamental]], [[established]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1337b21</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. παιδεύματα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1338a36</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.27S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">γάμον καταβάλλομ' ἀείδειν</b> I [[begin]] my song of, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>196</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Pass., [[lie down]], εἰς εὐνάν <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> like [[καταβαίνω]] <span class="bibl">11.1</span>, [[arrive]] at in a course of lectures, εἰς Γοργίαν <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Isid.</span>54</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> intr., [[fall]], εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>344c</span>.</span>

|auten=ipf. κατέβαλλε, aor. sync. [[κάββαλε]] ([[κάμβαλε]]): [[cast]] or [[throw]] down, Il. 15.357, Od. 6.172; [[then]] [[merely]] ‘[[put]] down,’ ‘[[let]] [[fall]],’ Il. 9.206, Il. 5.343, Il. 8.249; (κυών) [[οὔατα]] κάββαλεν, ‘dropped' his ears, Od. 17.302†.

|strgr=from [[κατά]] and [[βάλλω]]; to [[throw]] down: [[cast]] down, [[lay]].

|txtha=[[passive]] and [[middle]] [[present]] participle καταβαλλόμενος; 1st aorist [[passive]] κατεβλήθην; (from Homer down); the Sept. for הִפִּיל;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[cast]] down: τινα, [[passive]], to [[throw]] to the [[ground]], [[prostrate]]: [[passive]], to [[put]] in a [[lower]] [[place]]: in the [[phrase]] [[θεμέλιον]] καταβάλλομαι, to [[lay]] (down) a [[foundation]] (Josephus, Antiquities 11,4, 4; 15,11, 3; [[Dionysius]] [[Halicarnassus]], Antiquities 3,69; others), Hebrews 6:1.

|mdlsjtxt=fut. -βᾰλῶ aor2 κατέβᾰλον [epic 3rd sg. [[κάββαλε]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[throw]] down, [[overthrow]], Hom., etc.; κ. εἰς τὸ [[μηδέν]] to [[bring]] down to [[nothing]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[strike]] down with a [[weapon]], to [[slay]], Il., Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to [[throw]] or [[bring]] [[into]] a [[certain]] [[state]], Eur., Plat.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[cast]] down or [[away]], [[cast]] off, [[reject]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in milder [[sense]], to let [[fall]], [[drop]] down, Hom.; κ. [[ἱστία]] to [[lower]] [[sail]], Theogn.; τὰς [[ὀφρῦς]] κ. Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to lay down, set down, Lat. deponere, Il., Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to [[bring]] or [[carry]] down, esp. to the sea-[[coast]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to pay down, [[yield]] or [[bring]] in, Hdt.:— to pay down, pay, Thuc., etc.:—Mid. to [[cause]] to be deposited, Dem.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> to put in, [[render]], μαρτυρίαν Dem.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> to [[throw]] down [[seed]], sow, Dem.; κ. φάτιν, Lat. spargere voces, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> to lay down as a [[foundation]], [[mostly]] in Mid., Eur.:—Pass., καταβεβλημένος laid down, [[ordinary]], Arist.