λαός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[(the common) folk]], [[crowd]], [[military]], [[people]], in the NT esp. [[the Jewish people]], pl. [[the military]], [[men]], [[subjects]], [[serfs]], also [[the laity]] (LXX); in sing. [[follower]] (Hecat. 23J.); on use and spread amply Björck Alpha impurum 318ff. (Il., Dor., hell).<br />Other forms: Ion. [[ληός]] (rare), Ion. Att. [[λεώς]] (archaic a. rare)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[rawaketa]] /[[lawagetas]]/ cf. Chantraine Études 88m. n. 1<br />Compounds: Many old compp.: <b class="b3">ΛαϜο-πτόλεμος</b>, <b class="b3">Ϝιό-λαϜος</b> (Cor.), [[λαγέτας]] m. [[leader of the people]] (Pi.) from <b class="b3">λαϜ-αγετας</b>, <b class="b3">Λα-έρ-της</b> s.v., <b class="b3">λαο-σσόος</b> [[urging the men]] (Hom.; s. [[σεύω]]), <b class="b3">λαο-</b>, <b class="b3">λεω-φόρος</b> [[carrying the people]], [[publicly]], of streets, as subst. [[road]] (Il.), [[Μενέλαος]] (Il.), <b class="b3">-λεως</b> Att. (Björck 104 ff.), a.o.; on the compounds Fick-Bechtel PN 184ff., and Björck [[l.c.]]<br />Derivatives: Few derivv. (partly because of the synonymous [[δῆμος]], partly because of the homonymous forms of <b class="b3">λα̃ας</b>): 1. [[λαϊκός]] [[of the people]], [[common]] (hell.). 2. [[λαώδης]] [[popular]] (Ph., Plu.). 3. [[Λήϊτος]] PN (Il.), [[λήϊτον]] n. (on the very rare suffix <b class="b3">-ιτο-</b> Schwyzer 504) [[townhall]] with the Achaeans (Hdt., Plu. with Ion.- Att. form for) <b class="b3">λάϊτον τὸ ἀρχεῖον</b>, <b class="b3">λαΐτων τῶν δημοσίων τόπων</b> H.; beside it a.o <b class="b3">λῃ̃τον</b> (cod. [[λῃτόν]]) [[δημόσιον]], [[ληΐτη]], <b class="b3">οἱ δε λῄτη</b> (cod. [[λῃτή]]) [[ἱέρεια]]; cf. [[λαιετόν]] [[townhall]] (Su.) [strange]. <b class="b3">λειτόν βλάσφημον</b> H. (correct?); Fur. 238 n. 45 objects that <b class="b3">-ιτο-</b> is a Pre-Greek suffix, ib. 163, 187. Deriv. <b class="b3">ληιτιαί ἡγεμονίαι</b>, [[στρατιαί]] H. (Scheller Oxytonierung 91).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [00] <b class="b2">*leh₂-u̯o-</b> <b class="b2">(fighting) people</b><br />Etymology: As adj. 1.member in [[λῃτουργέω]] (<b class="b3">λειτ-</b>) <b class="b2">fulfill a public office on private means, provide a (public, ecclesiastical) service</b> with <b class="b3">λῃτουργ-ία</b> (<b class="b3">λειτ-</b>) [[state-]], [[service]], [[Liturgie]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-ημα</b> etc. (hell.), comp. <b class="b3">*ληϊτο-Ϝεργ-έω</b> to <b class="b3">*λήϊτα ἔργα</b>, cf. [[δημιουργέω]], <b class="b3">-ός</b> (s.v.); also <b class="b3">λῄτ-αρχος</b> m. [[public priest]] (Lyc. 991). - Cf. also [[λείτωρ]]. Like thr Germ. word for [[people]], OHG [[liut]], OE [[lēod]], <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)ός</b> was origin. an (abstracte) collective; to it came the plur. <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)οί</b> as [[liuti]], [[lēode]] [[Leute]], to which again the sing. [[ληός]] [[follower]] as [[liut]] [[man]], cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 42 n. 3, Wackernagel Synt. 1,92 f. - Otherwise than with the synonymous [[δῆμος]] and [[στρατός]], <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)ός</b>, which was in Ion.-Att. never quite a thome, has no IE. etymologie, but was nevertheless old. (Not to [[λᾶας]].) Mostly connected with Hitt. <b class="b2">lah̯h̯a-</b> [[campaign]] (Sturtevanr Lang. 7 (1931) 120; Tischler, Heth. etym. Glossar 5, 8). - In Maced.-Epir. PN [[Δρεβελαου]] v. Blumenthal IF 49, 181ff. finds an Illyr. pendant of Gr. [[Τρεφέλεως]] (further a PN [[Lava]]).