πῦρ: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=πυρός<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[fire]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[pukawo]] = <b class="b3">*πυρ-καϜοι</b>?<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυρ-καϊά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ϊή</b> f. [[fireplace]], [[pyre]] (Il.), from <b class="b3">*πυρ-καϜ-ιά</b>, compound of [[πῦρ]] and [[καίω]] (<b class="b3">καῦ-σαι</b>) with ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>suffix, acc. as in [[σποδιά]], [[ἀνθρακιά]] a. o.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 93 w. diff. interpretation; cf. Myc. [[pukawo]]; <b class="b3">πυρ-φόρος</b> [[fire- or torch-bearing]], [[-bearer]] (Pi.), later also <b class="b3">πυρο-φόρος</b>; cf. Schwyzer 440; <b class="b3">πυρι-γενής</b> [[born]], [[worked in fire]] (E. a.o.); <b class="b3">ἄ-πυρ-ος</b> [[untouched by fire]], [[without fire]] (Il.); on <b class="b3">πυρ-πολέω</b> s. [[πέλομαι]]; on <b class="b3">πυρ-αύστης</b> etc. s. 2. [[αὔω]]; on <b class="b3">πυρι-ήκης</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. A. Subst.: 1. [[πυρά]] n. pl. [[watch-fires]] (Il.), dat. [[πυροῖς]] (X.), prop. plur. of [[πῦρ]] with transition in the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems and accentshift (Egli Heteroklisie 18 a. 22 f.). 2. <b class="b3">πυρ-ά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ή</b> f. [[fireplace]], [[pyre]] (IL). 3. <b class="b3">πυρ-σός</b> m., pl. alo <b class="b3">-σά</b> n. [[firebrand]], [[fire-signal]] (with remarkable oxytonesis) with <b class="b3">-σώδης</b> [[firebrand-like]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-σεύω</b> [[to ignite]], [[to give a fire-signal]] (E.; X.), <b class="b3">-σεία</b>, <b class="b3">-σευτήρ</b>, [[σευτής]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-σίτης</b> [[fire-colour]] (Philostr.). 4. <b class="b3">πυρ-ετός</b> m. [[burning heat]], [[fever]] (Χ 31; after [[νιφετός]]? Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with <b class="b3">πυρ-έσσω</b>, Att. <b class="b3">-έττω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">-έξαι</b>, adj. <b class="b3">-εκτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-ετιάω</b>, <b class="b3">-εταίνω</b>, <b class="b3">-ετώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-έτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ετικός</b>. 5. <b class="b3">πυρ-εῖα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ήϊα</b> n. pl. [[lighter]], [[firesticks]] (h. Merc.; not with Zumbach Neuerungen 14 from [[πυρή]] [[pyre]]). 6. <b class="b3">πυρ-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. <b class="b2">vapour-, sweating-bath etc.</b> (Ion., Arist.), [[fishing by torchlight]] (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> [[to prepare a vapour-bath]], [[to foment]], [[to warm]] (Hp.), from which <b class="b3">-ίαμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ίασις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ιατήριον</b> (Scheller Oxyton. 55); also <b class="b3">-ιάτη</b> f. [[warmed animal-milk]] (com.). 7. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίδιον</b> n. [[spark]] (Thphr.). 8. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίτης</b> m. [[copper ore]], [[ore]] (Dsc., pap.), "fireman", surn. of Hephaistos (Luc.); Redard 36, 60, 245. 9. <b class="b3">πύρ-εθρον</b>, <b class="b3">-ος</b>, <b class="b3">-ωθρον</b> [[pellitory]], [[Anthemis pyrethrum]] (because of the warming effect; Strömberg Pfl.namen 82 a. 146f.). 10. <b class="b3">πυρ-αλ(λ)ίς</b> s. v. 11. <b class="b3">Πυρ-ωνία</b> surn. of Artemis (Paus.). -- B. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">πυρ-ώδης</b> [[fire-like]], [[fiery]] (IA.); 2. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[fiery]] (Arist., Plb.); 3. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (hell.), also as n. of the planet Mars (Arist., hell.); 4. on [[πυρρός]] s. v. C. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">πυρ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o., [[to catch fire]], [[to set on fire]] (Pi., Ion. Att.; Wackernagel Unt. 124) with <b class="b3">πύρ-ωσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o.) f., <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτής</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; 2. <b class="b3">πυρ-εύω</b> [[to make fire]], [[to kindle]] (Pl.; <b class="b3">ἐμπυρ-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> from <b class="b3">ἔμ-πυρος</b>) with <b class="b3">-εύς</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> (more in Bosshardt 83); 3. <b class="b3">πυρ-άζω</b> EM as explanation of 4. [[πυρακτέω]]; s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [828] <b class="b2">*peh₂-ur</b>, <b class="b2">ph₂-uen-s̯</b> [[fire]]<br />Etymology: With [[πῦρ]], <b class="b3">πυρ-ός</b> agrees exactly Umbr. [[pir]] nom. acc. (from <b class="b2">*pūr</b>), abl. [[pur-e]] (from <b class="b2">*pur-</b>), thus, with secondary vowelenlargement, Arm. [[hur]], gen. [[hr-oy]] (< <b class="b2">*pūr-o-</b>) and OWNo. [[fūrr]], [[fyrr]] (< PGm. <b class="b2">*fūr-i-</b>). The word was originally an heteroclitic [[r]] / [[n-]] stem and is still so inflected in Hitt. <b class="b2">paḫḫu(u̯a)r</b>, gen. <b class="b2">paḫḫu̯enaš</b>. Traces of this formation can still be seen in Germ.: Goth. [[fōn]], gen. [[fun-ins]] as opposed to OHG [[fuir]], [[fiur]], [[Feuer]]; also in Arm.: [[hn-oç]] [[fireplace]], [[furnace]] a opposed to [[hur]] (s. above); note also Toch. A pl. <b class="b2">por-äṃ</b> (= [[-n]]; combination of [[r]] and [[n]]?, v. Windekens IF 65, 249 ff.). The ablaut, which appears already from the above cited forms, is now reconstructed as a proterodynamic <b class="b2">r/n-</b>neuter: IE <b class="b2">*peh₂_-ur</b>: <b class="b2">ph₂-u̯en-s</b>; cf. Specht KZ 59, 283ff.), was simplified in Greek (the change in quantity is not old). -- Beside this neutral matter-indicating word for [[fire]] Indo-European had an as old word indicating fire as active entity in Lat. [[ignis]], Skt. <b class="b2">agní-</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">ugnìs</b>, OCS [[ognь]]; a parallel double designation, which represents two different interpretations of nature, is found with the words for [[water]] (s. [[ὕδωρ]]). On this Schulze Kl. Schr. 194f., Meillet MSL 21, 249ff., Bonfante Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 33ff., Mastrelli Arch. glottol. it. 43, 1 ff. On tabuistic replacing words for [[fire]] Havers Sprachtabu 64ff. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 14f., Pok. 828, W.-Hofmann s. [[pūrus]] (relation quite hypothetic and quite doubtful; s. on this with further discussion Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">punā́ti</b>; also Blesse KZ 75, 195).