σιμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[snub-nosed]], [[flat-nosed]], of the Ethiopians and their gods, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.16</span>; of the Scythians, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>617</span> (Comp.), <span class="bibl">705</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.8</span>; represented as giving an arch, pert look, σιμός, ἐπίχαρις κληθείς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>474d</span>; Arist. says that all children are [[σιμοί]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>963b15</span>; of dolphins, <span class="bibl">Arion 1.7</span>; of dogs, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.1</span>; of the hippopotamus, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.71</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>502a11</span>; of the ponies of the Sigynnae, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.9</span>; of bees and goats, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.80</span>, <span class="bibl">8.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the nose, [[snub]], [[flat]], opp. [[γρυπός]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>209c</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ. τῆς ῥινός</b>,= [[σιμότης]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>5.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b24</span>.—As this kind of nose gives a [[pert]] expression, we find σιμὰ γελῶν <span class="title">AP</span>5.176 (Mel.); <b class="b3">σιμὰ σεσηρὼς μυχθίζεις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">178</span> (Id.); cf. [[σιμόω]] ''1''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., [[bent upwards]], like the slope of a hillside: hence, [[up-hill]], opp. κατάντης, χωρίον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>288</span>, ubi v. Sch.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ σ. διώκειν</b> pursue [[up-hill]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.23</span>; πρὸς τὸ σ. ἀνατρέχειν <span class="bibl">Dionys.Com.4</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>870a30</span>; <b class="b3">σ. [ὁδός</b>] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.5</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπερβάλλειν τὰ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">5.16</span>; [[σίμαι]] (sic cod.) the [[ends]] of the lyre, Hsch.; also, [[parts of the cornice]], Id., cf. Vitr.3.5.12. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[hollow]], [[concave]], opp. <b class="b3">κυρτός, ἡ γαστὴρ τῶν ἀδείπνων σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.21</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σ. τοῦ ἥπατος</b> the [[bottom]] of the liver, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.213</span>, Gal.11.93; <b class="b3">χεὶρ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.630a</span>; of splints, <b class="b3">νάρθηκες σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>12</span>, acc. to Gal.18(2).833 [[rounded and]] [[tapering off towards the end]], so as gradually to diminish the pressure; also, of a kind of bandage, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">σιμός· τυφλός</b>, Hsch.</span>

|elnltext=σῑμός -ή -όν met een stompe neus, stompneuzig:; σιμή vrouw met een stompe neus Xen. Cyr. 8.4.21; adv.. σιμὰ γελᾶν met opgetrokken neus lachen (d.w.z. spottend lachen) AP 5.177.4. hol, ingevallen:. ( ἡ γαστὴρ ) τῶν ἀδείπνων σιμή de buik van wie niet gegeten heeft is ingevallen Xen. Cyr. 8.4.21. omhoog gebogen; subst.. πρὸς τὸ σιμόν bergop Xen. Hell. 4.3.23.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[having an impressed]], [[pouting nose]], [[snub-]], [[flat-nosed]] (opposite [[γρυπός]]), [[bent upward]], [[rising]], [[concave]], [[hollow]] (oppos. [[κυρτός]]), metaph. [[impudent]], [[mischievous]] (IA),<br />Compounds: also with modifying or further charakterising prefixes as <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b> (Strömberg Prefix Studies 127 a. 147).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σιμ-ότης</b> f. [[snub-nosedness]], [[upward bending]] (Pl., X.); 2. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, [[to become snub-nosed]], [[to bend (oneself) upward]], [[to bend off]] (Hp., Th., X., Arist. etc.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[snub-nosedness]] (Gal.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> σιμός [[bending off course of a ship]] (App.); <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[curved upward prow of a ship]] (Plu.); 3. <b class="b3">-αίνω</b> [[to bend the nose upward]] (Call. Iamb.); also 4. <b class="b3">σίμιον αἰγιαλός</b> H. (of a sea-coast bent inwards). -- With oppositive accent.: [[σῖμος]] m. name of a fish (Opp., Ath.) with <b class="b3">-άριον</b> (pap. VI -- VIIp); cf. Strömberg Fischn. 44, Thompson Fishes s. v. -- Several PN: <b class="b3">Σῖμ-ος</b>, <b class="b3">-ύλος</b>, <b class="b3">-ιχος</b> a.o.; also <b class="b3">-ίας</b>, from where as appellative <b class="b3">*σιμίας</b> m. prop. "flat-nose", [[monkey]] in Lat. LW [loanword] [[sīmia]] (Leumann Sprache 1, 206 f. = Kl. Schr. 173); cf. [[καλλίας]]. -- Quite doubtful the rivern. [[Σιμόεις]], <b class="b3">-εντος</b> (Il. etc.); cf. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233 f.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Oxytone adj. in <b class="b3">-μός</b> are rare (Chantraine Form. 151, Schwyzer 494); note however [[θερμός]] and close to it [[δοχμός]], both inherited. [[Σιμός]] too makes the impression of an old inherited word, but a convincing etymology does not exist. The connection with a Germ. word for [[disappear]], [[fall in]], [[decrease]] in OHG [[swīnan]], ONord. [[svīna]] (Persson, e.g. Beitr. 1, 382, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 246 f.) is, even apart from the phonetic uncertainty, also semant. far from evident; s. WP. 2, 519 (= Pok. 1041), where [[σιμός]] as [[bent inwards]] is rather connected with MHG [[swīmen]] [[stagger]], [[be suspended]], ONord. [[svīma]] [[float]], [[stagger]], [[swoon]] with further connection with Celt., e.g. Welsh [[chwil]] (from <b class="b2">*su̯ī-lo-</b>) [[turning quickly]], [[whiling]], [[dally]], IE <b class="b2">*su̯ēi-</b> [[bend]], [[turn]], [[swing]]; semant. also not very evident. Lat. LW [loanword] [[sīmus]], s. W.-Hofmann; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 27 (Mediterranean word, if not inherited). -- After Solmsen IF 30, 1ff. to [[σιμός]] also [[σίλλος]] and [[σικχός]], perhaps also [[σιρός]] (s. vv.). -- As there is no cognste, the word could also be Pre-Greek.

|ftr='''σιμός''': {sīmós}<br />'''Meaning''': ‘mit eingedrückter und aufgestülpter Nase, stumpf-, plattnasig’ (Gegensatz [[γρυπός]]), [[aufwärts gebogen]], [[ansteigend]], [[eingebogen]], [[hohl]] (Gegens. [[κυρτός]]), übertr. [[naseweis]], [[schalkhaft]] (ion. att.),<br />'''Composita''': auch mit modifizierenden od. näher charakterisierenden Präfixen wie ἀνα-, ἐν-, ὑπο- (Strömberg Prefix Studies 127 u. 147).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σιμότης]] f. [[Stumpfnasigkeit]], [[Aufwärtsbeugung]] (Pl., X.); 2. -όομαι, -όω, auch m. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, ὑπο-, ‘stumpfnasig werden, (sich) aufwärts biegen, ab- biegen’ (Hp., Th., X., Arist. usw.) mit -ωσις f. ‘Stumpf- nasigkeit’ (Gal.), ἀπο- ~ [[Abbiegen eines Schiffes vom Kurse]] (App.); -ωμα n. [[aufwärtsgebogener Schiffsschnabel]] (Plu.); 3. -αίνω [[die Nase aufwärts biegen]] (Kall. ''Iamb''.); auch 4. [[σίμιον]]· [[αἰγιαλός]] H. (von einer eigebogenen Meeresbucht). —Mit oppositivem Akz.: [[σῖμος]] m. N. eines Fisches (Opp., Ath.) mit -άριον (Pap. VI — VII^p); vgl. Strömberg Fischn. 44, Thompson Fishes s. v. — Mehrere PN: [[Σῖμος]], -ύλος, -ιχος u.a.; auch -ίας, woraus als Appellativum *σιμίας m. eig. "Plattnase", [[Affe]] in lat. LW ''sīmia'' (Leumann Sprache 1, 206 f. = Kl. Schr. 173); vgl. [[καλλίας]]. — Ganz fraglich der Flußn. [[Σιμόεις]], -εντος (Il. usw.); vgl. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233 f.<br />'''Etymology''': Oxytonierte Adj. auf -μός sind selten (Chantraine Form. 151, Schwyzer 494); zu bemerken indessen [[θερμός]] und das sinnverwandte [[δοχμός]], beide altererbt. Auch [[σιμός]] macht zunächst den Eindruck eines altererbten Wortes, aber eine überzeugende Etymologie fehlt. Die Verbindung mit einem germ. Wort für ‘(ein)schwinden, einsinken, abnehmen’ in ahd. ''swīnan'', anord. ''svīna'' (Persson, z.B. Beitr. 1, 382, Brugmann Grundr.² II: 1, 246 f.) ist, von der lautlichen Unsicherheit abgesehen, auch semantisch alles andere als schlagend; s. WP. 2, 519 (= Pok. 1041), wo [[σιμός]] als [[eingebogen]] vielmehr zu mhd. ''swīmen'' [[schwanken]], [[schweben]], anord. ''svīma'' [[schweben]], [[umhertaumeln]], [[in Ohnmacht fallen]] gestellt wird mit weiterem Anschluß an kelt., z.B. kymr. ''chwil'' (aus *''su̯ī''-''lo''-) [[sich schnell drehend]], [[wirbelnd]], [[tummelnd]], idg. ''su̯ē̆i''- [[biegen]], [[drehen]], [[schwingen]]; semantisch ebenfalls wenig treffend. Lat. LW ''sīmus'', s. W.-Hofmann; anders Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 27 (Mittelmeerwort, falls nicht altererbt). —Nach Solmsen IF 30, 1ff. zu [[σιμός]] auch [[σίλλος]] und [[σικχός]], viell. noch [[σιρός]] (s. dd.).<br />'''Page''' 2,707-708