θύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), impf. ἔθυον, Ep.<br><span class="bld">A</span> θῦον Od.15.222, Ion. θύεσκον Hippon. 37: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω [ῡ</b>] E.''El.''1141, Pl.''Lg.''909d, Henioch.5.10, Dor. θυσῶ Theoc. 2.33; 3pl. θυσέοντι ''IG''12(3).452 (Thera): aor. ἔθῡσα Od.9.231, etc., Ep. θῦσα 14.446: pf. τέθῠκα Ar.''Lys.''1062, Pl.''R.''328c:—Med., fut. θύσομαι E.''Heracl.''340 (as Pass., Hdt.7.197): aor. ἐθυσάμην Th.4.92, (ἐκ-) Hdt.6.91, etc.:—Pass., fut. τῠθήσομαι D.S.16.91, Luc. ''DDeor.''4.2: aor. ἐτύθην [ῠ] Hdt.1.216, A.''Ch.''242, Philem.155.2 (part. written θυθέν Men.''Sam.''185, cf. [[τὴν]] βοῦν τὴν θυθεῖσαν ''IG''12(7).241 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), etc.): pf. τέθῠμαι A.''Eu.''341 (lyr.), Ar.''Av.''1034, X. ''HG''3.5.5 (in med. sense, 5.1.18, ''An.''7.8.21): plpf. ἐτέθῠτο Id.''HG''3.1.23. [ῡ in fut. and aor., ῠ in pf. Act. and Pass., and aor. Pass.; ῡ generally in pres. and impf., exc. in trisyll. cases of part., θῠοντα Od.15.260, θύοντες ''h.Ap.''491, but θύεσκε Hippon. 37; ἔθυε, [[θύων]], Pi. ''O.''10(11).57,13.69; [[θύειν]], at the end of a line, E.''El.''1141 (s. [[varia lectio|v.l.]], fort. [[θύη]]), ''Cyc.''334, Ar.''Ach.''792 (spoken by a Megarian); θύεις, [[θύω]], Strato Com.1.19, 20; θύωντι 3pl. pres. subj., Theoc.4.21.]<br><span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[offer by burning]] meat or drink to the gods (τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς Pl.''Euthphr.''14c), θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει Πάτροκλον... ὁ δ' ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς Il.9.219, cf. Aristarch. ap. Sch.adloc., ''Com.Adesp.''7D. (ap. Phryn.''PS''p.74 B.); <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρ γματα θῦσε θεοῖς</b>, of a drink offering, Od.14.446, cf. 15.260; so <b class="b3">ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τῶν τυρῶν</b>) [[made an offering]] of [[cheese]], 9.231; θ. ἀκρόθινα Pi.''O.''10(11).57; [[πέλανον]], [[δεῖπνα]], A.''Pers.''204, ''Eu.''109; [[πυρούς]], [[ναστούς]], Ar.''Av.''565, 567: c. dat. rei, <b class="b3">θ. τούτῳ ὅ τι ἔχοι ἕκαστος</b> (with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[τοῦτο]]) Hdt.1.50.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[sacrifice]], [[slay]] a [[victim]], [<b class="b3">τῷ ἡλίῳ] θ. ἵππους</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἵπποισι]]) ib. 216; ταῦρον Pi.''O.''13.69; αὑτοῦ παῖδα A.''Ag.''1417, cf. S.''El.''532, etc.; ἱρά Hdt.1.59; ἱερεῖα Th.1.126, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. θῦμα, θυσίαν</b>, Pl.''Plt.''290e, ''R.'' 362c, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. διαβατήρια, ἐπινίκια</b>, etc., Plu.''Luc.''24, Pl.''Smp.''173a, etc.:—Pass., [[τὰ τεθυμένα]] = [[the flesh of the victim]], X.''HG''4.3.14, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ τεθ. ἱερά</b> ib.3.5.5; τὰ θυόμενα Id.''Lac.''15.3.<br><span class="bld">b</span> simply, [[slaughter]], Hdt.1.126, Ar.''Lys.''1062, [[LXX]] ''Is.''22.13.<br><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[offer sacrifice]], Hdt.1.31.al., A.''Ag.''594, ''Fr.''161.2, S.''OC''1159; <b class="b3">τοῖσι θεοῖσι θ</b>. Pherecr. 23, cf. Hdt.4.60, 8.138; θεῶν ἕνεκα Men.129.1.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[celebrate]] with offerings or sacrifices, <b class="b3">σῶστρα θ</b>. Hdt.1.118; γενέθλια Pl.''Alc.''1.121c; Λύκαια, Ἡράκλεια X.''An.''1.2.10, D.19.86; ἐλευθέρια Henioch.5.10; γάμους Plu.''Pomp.''55.<br><span class="bld">5</span> c. dupl.acc., [[εὐαγγέλια θύειν ἑκατὸν βοῦς]] = [[sacrifice]] a [[hundred]] [[ox]]en [[for]] the [[good]] [[news]], Ar.''Eq.''656.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[Ἑστίᾳ θύειν]], [[proverb|prov.]] of [[niggard]]s, because [[sacrifice]]s to [[Hestia]] admitted no one to [[share]] the [[offering]], Theopomp.Com.28.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Med., [[cause]] a victim to [[be offered]], τῶν θυμάτων ὧν δεῖ θύεσθαι καὶ παρίστασθαι ''IG''5(1).1390.65 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: hence freq. abs., [[consult the gods]], Hdt.7.189, E.''Heracl.''340; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ</b>, i.e. on marching [[against]]…, Hdt.5.44, 9.10, cf. X.''An.''7.8.21; <b class="b3">θύεσθαι ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ</b> ib. 6.4.9; <b class="b3">ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς</b> ib.5.6.27: c. inf., <b class="b3">θ. ἰέναι</b> [[offer sacrifice]] [to learn] whether to go or not, ib.2.2.3; also <b class="b3">ἐθυόμην εἰ βέλτιον εἴη</b> ib.6.1.31 (so in Act., [[ἔθυε]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐθύετο]]) <b class="b3"> τῷ Διί… πότερά οἱ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη</b>… ib.7.6.44); <b class="b3">διαβατήρια θύεσθαι</b>, as in Act., Th.5.54.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[tear in pieces]], of [[wild]] [[beast]]s, A.''Ag.''137 (lyr.). (Hence [[θυμός]], cf. Skt. dhūmás, Lat. [[fumus]] '[[smoke]]', [[θυμιάω]], [[θύος]], [[θυήλημα]], [[τύφω]], perhaps [[θεῖον]] (A), Lat. [[suffire]]; cf. sq.)<br /><br />(B) [ῡ], aor. ἔθῡσα Call.''Fr.''82:—[[rage]], [[seethe]], ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο λαίλαπι θύων Od.12.400; <b class="b3">Ζέφυρος μεγάλῃ σὺν λαίλαπι θύων</b> ib. 408, cf. Hes.''Op.''621, ''Th.''874; of a swollen river, <b class="b3">ὁ δ' ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων</b> [[seething]], Il.21.234; <b class="b3">ὑψόσε θύων</b> ib.324; of a [[wind]]-swept [[sea]], ὁ δ' ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων 23.230, cf. Hes.''Th.''109,131; of the wake of a ship, κῦμα δ' ὄπισθε πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε Od.13.85; <b class="b3">δάπεδον δ' ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν</b> the ground [[seethed]] with blood, 11.420, 22.309; of persons, [[storm]], [[rage]], ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ' ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει Il.1.342; ἔγχεϊ θῦεν 11.180; κασιγνήτα μένει θύοισα Pi.''P.''3.33; θύουσαν Ἅιδου μητέρα A.''Ag.'' 1235; πυκνὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη ἔντοσθεν ἔθυεν A.R.3.755 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔθυιεν]]): c.inf., [[desire eagerly]], [[ἐνισπεῖν]] ib.685; of a horse, Call.''Fr.''82; of a serpent, Nic.''Th.''129 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[θυίῃσι]]). [ῡ always: for <b class="b3">θύμενος [ῠ</b>] is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[σύμενος]] in Pratin.Lyr.1.4.] [[θυίω]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) should perhaps be preferred in later Ep., and is cj. in Pi.l.c. (Cf. Lett. dusmas (pl.) 'anger', dusēt 'puff', 'pant', Lat. [[furo]] (fr. dhǔs-), [[θύελλα]], [[θυίω]], [[θυιάς]] (orig. [[madwoman]]); prob. cogn. with foreg.)