οὐ: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=[cf. μη]<br />used in [[direct]] [[negation]] not, Lat. non.<br />A. USAGE:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> adhering to [[single]] words so as to [[form]] a [[quasi]]-compd. with them, οὐ [[δίδωμι]] to [[withhold]], οὐκ ἐῶ to [[refuse]], οὐκ [[ἐθέλω]] [[nolo]], οὔ φημι [[nego]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> as negativing the [[whole]] [[sentence]], τὴν δ' ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[dependent]] clauses οὐ is used,<br />a. with ὅτι or ὡς, [[after]] Verbs of [[saying]] or [[knowing]], ἔλεξε ὡς Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν Aesch.<br />b. in Causal sentences, and in Temporal sentences that [[involve]] [[special]] times, ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ [[κάρτα]] θεραπεύεται Hdt.; οὐκ ἔσθ' ἐραστὴς [[ὅστις]] οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ Eur.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in a conditional [[clause]] μή is [[necessary]], [[except]],<br />a. [[when]] οὐ is [[closely]] [[attached]] to the Verb (v. supr. I), εἴ [[φθονέω]] τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι Il.<br />b. [[when]] the subjoined [[clause]] is [[hypothetical]] in [[form]] only, μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ οὐ πρέπει σοι ([[where]] εἰ = ὅ τἰ Isocr.; δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη [[πρῆγμα]], εἰ Ἕλληνας οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> οὐ is used with Inf. in [[oratio]] obl., [[when]] it represents the Ind. of [[oratio]] [[recta]], λέγοντες οὐκ [[εἶναι]] αὐτόνομοι Thuc.; [[οἶμαι]] οὐκ [[ὀλίγον]] [[ἔργον]] αὐτὸ [[εἶναι]] Plat.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> οὐ is used with the Participle, [[when]] it can be resolved [[into]] a [[finite]] [[sentence]] with οὐ; κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας = [[ὅ τι]] οὐ πολλοί εἰσι, Thuc.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> Adjectives and [[abstract]] Substantives with the Article [[commonly]] [[take]] μή (v. μή B. 6), but οὐ is [[occasionally]] used, τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the nondissolution of the [[bridge]], the [[fact]] of its not [[being]] [[broken]] up, Thuc.; so, ἡ οὐ [[περιτείχισις]] Thuc.<br />B. ACCUMULATION: the [[negative]] is often [[repeated]], so that two negatives do not make an [[affirmative]], [[attic]], οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν κρεῖσσον φίλου Eur.; καθεύδων οὐδεὶς οὐδενὸς [[ἄξιος]] οὐδὲν [[μᾶλλον]] τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος Plat.; οὐδενὶ [[οὐδαμῆ]] [[οὐδαμῶς]] οὐδεμίαν κοινωνίαν [[ἔχει]] Plat.<br />C. PLEONASM OF οὐ: [[after]] Verbs of denying, doubting, and disputing, followed by ὡς or ὅτι, οὐ is inserted, [[where]] in Engl. the negat. is not required, ἀμφισβητεῖ ὡς οὐ δεῖ [[δίκην]] διδόναι Plat. Like [[this]] is the [[appearance]] of οὐ in the [[second]] [[member]] of a [[negative]] [[comparative]] [[sentence]], ἥκει ὁ [[Πέρσης]] [[οὐδέν]] τι [[μᾶλλον]] ἐπ' [[ἡμέας]] ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ' [[ὑμέας]] Hdt.<br />D. in Poetry, if ἤ stands [[before]] οὐ, the two sounds [[coalesce]] [[into]] one [[syllable]], as in ἢ οὐ, μὴ οὐ.<br />E. οὐ in [[connection]] with [[other]] Particles [[will]] be [[found]] in alphabetical [[order]], οὐ γάρ, οὐ μή, etc.