γάρ: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />for, Lat. [[enim]], and like it, [[regularly]] placed [[after]] the [[first]] [[word]] of a [[sentence]]: to [[introduce]] the [[reason]]:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> ARGUMENTATIVE, to [[introduce]] the [[reason]] for a [[statement]], [[which]] [[usually]] precedes:—[[when]] it precedes the [[statement]], it may be rendered [[since]], as, Ἀτρείδη, πολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί, χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[statement]] of [[which]] γάρ gives the [[reason]] may be omitted, οὐ γάρ τί μοι [[Ζεύς|Ζεὺς]] ἦν ὁ κηρύξας [[τάδε]] [yes], for it was not [[Zeus]], etc., Soph.; ἔστι γὰρ [[οὕτω]] [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes [[certainly]], Plat.; οἵδ' οὐκέτ' [[εἰσί]]: [[τοῦτο]] γάρ σε δήξεται [I say [[this]], for it [[will]] [[sting]] thee, Eur.: —in Conditional Propositions, [[where]] the Condition is omitted, it may be transl. for [[otherwise]], [[else]], οὐ γὰρ ἄν με ἔπεμπον [[πάλιν]], (''[[sc.]]'' εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον), Xen.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> EPEXEGETIC, [[where]] γάρ is used to [[begin]] a promised [[narration]], λεκτέα ἃ [[γιγνώσκω]]: [[ἔχει]] γὰρ ἡ [[χώρα]] πεδία [[κάλλιστα]] I must [[relate]] [[what]] I [[know]]; now, the [[country]] has [[most]] [[beautiful]] plains, Xen.; so, [[after]] the introductory forms, σκέψασθε δέ, δῆλον δέ, [[τεκμήριον]] δέ, [[μαρτύριον]] δέ, μέγιστον δέ, Plat., etc.; [[τούτου]] δὲ [[τεκμήριον]]: [[τόδε]] γάρ…, Hdt.:—in ἀλλὰ γάρ, a [[clause]] must be supplied [[between]] [[ἀλλά]] and γάρ, as, ἀλλὰ γὰρ [[ἤκουσα]] but [say no [[more]], for I [[heard]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> STRENGTHENING,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a [[question]], like Lat. nam, Engl. why, [[what]], τίς γάρ σε ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.; τί γάρ; [[quid]] [[enim]]? i. e. it must be so, Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> a [[wish]], with the opt., [[κακῶς]] γὰρ ἐξόλοιο O that you [[might]] [[perish]]! Eur.; in Hom. [[mostly]] αἲ γάρ, [[attic]] εἰ or [[εἴθε]] γάρ, Lat. [[utinam]], O that! so also πῶς γάρ would that.