κοινός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=κοινή, κοινόν, also [[κοινός]], κοινόν S.''Tr.''207 (lyr.):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[common]] (opp. [[ἴδιος]]), not in Hom. (v. [[ξυνός]]); [[ἐκ κοινοῦ]] = [[shared in common]], Hes.''Op.''723; ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.''Ec.''610; of a [[common]] [[altar]], Simon.140; τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. ''SIG''1044.29 (Halic., iv/iii B.C.); κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.''N.''7.30; <b class="b3">τρεῖς… κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι</b>, of the [[Gorgon]]s, A.''Pr.''795; ὦ κοινὸν [[ὠφέλημα]] θνητοῖσιν φανείς = o you who have shown yourself a [[common]] [[benefactor]] of [[mankind]] (of [[Prometheus]]), ib.613; τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. ''R.''457d: [[proverb|prov.]], [[κοινὸν τύχη]] = [[good]] [[luck]] can belong to anyone A.''Fr.''389, cf. Men.''Mon.''356; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.''Or.''735 (troch.), [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''279c, Men.9, etc.; κοινὸς [[Ἑρμῆς]] ='[[share the luck]]', Id.''Epit.''67, 100; <b class="b3">κ. ἀρωγά</b> [[common]] [[aid]] (i.e. for [[all]]), S.''Ph.''1145 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά</b> and let the shouts of males rise [[jointly]], Id.''Tr.''207 (lyr.); κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.''Hier.''2.8; τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κοινόν Men.531.8; κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8; κοινὸν ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791: c. dat., <b class="b3">κ. τινί</b> [[common]] to or [[with]] another, ὑμῖν [[φῶς]]… καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.''Ag.''523; ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.''Th.''812; θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19; οἰκία… κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.''Pol.''1289b14, cf. 1265b29; κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.''HG''7.1.32; τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611: c. gen., πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.''Pr.''1092 (anap.), cf. ''Pers.''132 (lyr.), ''Eu.'' 109, Pi.''N.''1.32; <b class="b3">κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων</b> [[shared in by]] both... Pl.''Mx.''241c, etc.: with Preps., <b class="b3">τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ.</b>, v. infr. v; κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.''Synt.''144.19; οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα ''AP''11.141 (Lucill.), cf. Iamb.''Myst.''5.7; <b class="b3">μέρος κ. πρός τινα</b> [[shared]] with... ''CPR''22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.; κ. μεταξύ τινων ''Stud.Pal.''1.7 ii 11 (v A.D.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> in social and political relations, [[public]], [[general]], [[τὸ κοινὸν ἀγαθόν]] = the [[common]] [[good]], the [[common]] [[weal]], Th.5.90; κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.141; <b class="b3">κ. στόλῳ</b> ib.170; ἀδικήματα D.21.45; ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.''Lg.'' 872b; [[κοινότατον]] [[of public interest]] or [[of general interest]], ib.724b, cf. Arist.''Rh.'' 1354b29; of constitutions, [[popular]], [[free]], κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[τὸ κοινόν]] = the [[state]], τὸ κοινὸν Σπαρτιητέων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.67: abs., of one's own [[state]], Ar.''Ec.'' 208, etc.; τὸ κοινὸν ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.20; τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κοινὸν ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36.<br><span class="bld">b</span> especially of [[league]]s or [[federation]]s, τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἰώνων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.109; τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21; τῶν Βοιωτῶν ''SIG''457.10 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; <b class="b3">ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τῶν Θεσσαλῶν</b>) Th.4.78; also, of [[private]] [[association]]s, Test.Epict.1.22, ''SIG''1113 (Loryma), al.; of [[guild]]s or [[corporation]]s, τὸ κοινὸν τῶν τεκτόνων ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''53.2 (iv A.D.); of [[board]]s of [[magistrate]]s, <b class="b3">τὸ κοινὸν τῶν ἀρχόντων</b> ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> the [[government]], [[public authorities]], Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.; [[τὰ κοινά]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.156; ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κοινά Th.5.37; [[ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ]] = [[by public authority]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.85, 8.135; [[σὺν τῷ κοινῷ]] = [[by common consent]], Id.9.87.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[the public treasury]], χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κοινῷ γενομένων Id.7.144; ἐν τῷ κοινῷ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6, cf. 17; χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.87; <b class="b3">ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ</b> (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[common right]] or [[common rights]] of [[citizen]]s, τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist.''Pol.''1283b41.<br><span class="bld">3</span>[[τὰ κοινά]] = [[public affairs]]: [[πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ προσελθεῖν]], [[πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ προσιέναι]], to [[enter]] [[public]] [[life]], D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the [[public]] [[money]], Ar.''Pl.''569, D.8.23 (in full, τὰ κοινὰ [[χρήμα]]τα X.''HG''6.5.34, Arist.''Pol.''1271b11); <b class="b3">τὰ κοινὰ τῆς πόλεως</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ἁγνά</b>, ''BMus.Inscr.''4.481*.383; [[ἀπὸ κοινοῦ]] = [[at the public expense]], X.''An.''4.7.27, 5.1.12; [[ἐκ κοινοῦ]] [[φαγεῖν]] Euphro 8.4, cf. Antiph. 230; [[ἐκ κοινοῦ]] = from [[common]] [[fund]]s, at [[joint]] [[expense]], PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[common]], [[ordinary]], τὰ κοινὰ [[εἰδέναι]] Pl.''Ax.''366b; διὰ τῶν κ. [[ποιεῖσθαι]] τὰς πίστεις Arist.''Rh.''1355a27; <b class="b3">κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή]</b> Id.''EN''1118b1; [[τὰ κοινά]] = [[commonplace]]s, Men.''Sam.''27, ''Epit.''309; so κοινὸς [[τόπος]] Hermog.''Prog.''6, Aphth.''Prog.''7; ἡ κοινὴ [[ἔννοια]] or [[ἐπίνοια]], Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κοινὸς [[νοῦς]], φρένες, [[common]] [[sense]], Phld.''Rh.''1.37 S., 202 S.; <b class="b3">κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι</b> [[general]] and [[all-pervading]] [[vice]]s, Id.''Sign.''28; κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2; κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.''Lys.''3; ἡ κοινὴ [[διάλεκτος]] = [[every-day]] [[language]] (free from [[archaism]]s and far-fetched expressions), Id.''Isoc.''2; πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.''Acad. Ind.''p.53 M.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Gramm., [[ordinary]], '[[regular]]' [[Greek]], opp. [[special]] [[dialect]]s, <b class="b3">διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ.</b> Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.''Can.''p.37 H., etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ κοινή</b> alone, A.D. ''Conj.''223.24; τὸ κοινὸν [[ἔθος]], ἡ κοινὴ [[ἐκφορά]], Id.''Adv.''155.10, ''Pron.''4.27; <b class="b3">οἱ κοινοί</b> = the [[writer]]s [[who]] use this [[language]], Sch.D.T.p.469 H., ''EM''405.23.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[colloquial]], [[vulgar]] [[Greek]], Moer.pp.201 (Comp., prob. for [[καινός]]), 243 P., al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> ἡ κοινὴ [[διάλεκτος]] = [[demotic]] [[Egyptian]], Manethoap. J.''Ap.''1.14.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[common]], [[of inferior quality]], [[χρυσός]] ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''905.5 (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> in magical formulae, of [[word]]s [[add]]ed [[at will]] by the [[user]], '[[and so forth]]', freq.in Pap., ''PMag.Osl.''1.255, ''PMag.Par.''1.273, al.; <b class="b3">κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις</b> ib.2.53; ὁ κοινὸς [[λόγος]] ''PMag.Lond.''46.435; cf. [[κοινολογία]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of Persons, [[connected by common origin]] or [[kindred]], esp.of brothers and sisters, κοινὸν [[σπέρμα]] Pi.''O.''7.92, cf.[[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''261, ''OC''535 (lyr.); κ. [[αἷμα]] Id.''Ant.''202, cf. ''1''; κοινὸς [[πατήρ]], [[μήτηρ]], ''PAmh.''2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), ''PFlor.''47.11 (iii A.D.); also κ. Χάριτες Pi.''O.''2.50.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[one who shares in]] a thing, [[partner]], ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 240; κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.''Aj.''267, cf. Ar.''V.''917; also [[κοινὸν τῷ θεῷ]] = [[belonging in part]] to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), ''Berl.Sitzb.''1927.161 (Cyrene).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[lending a ready ear to all]], [[impartial]], μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53; [[neutral]], ib.68; κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys.15.1; [[μέτριος]] καὶ κοινός Arist.''Ath.''6.3; [[κοινοί]], οἱ, [[arbitrator]]s, ''GDI''1832.10 (Delph.); κ. μεσίτης ''PStrassb.''41.14 (iii A.D.); of a capital city, <b class="b3">δεῖ… κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων</b> [[easily]] [[accessible]] on all sides, Arist.''Pol.''1327a6.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[courteous]], [[affable]], X. ''Cyn.''13.9; κ. [[ἅπασι]] [[γενέσθαι]] Isoc.5.80; τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2 J.; ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.''Rh.''1.202 S.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in bad sense, [[κοινή]], ἡ, [[prostitute]], Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.''Hist.Phil.''12 (pl.).<br><span class="bld">d</span> of events, <b class="b3">κοινότεραι τύχαι</b> [[more]] [[impartial]], i.e. [[more]] [[equal]], [[chance]]s, Th.5.102; <b class="b3">ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κοινῷ πᾶσι</b> c. inf., And.2.6.<br><span class="bld">V</span> in Logic, [[general]], [[universal]], <b class="b3">τὸ κοινὸν λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κοινόν</b>, Pl.''Tht.'' 185b, 185c; τὰ κοινὰ λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.''APo.''76b14; <b class="b3">αἱ κοιναὶ ἀρχαί</b> ib.88a36; <b class="b3">κοιναὶ ἔννοιαι</b> [[axiom]]s, heading in Euc.; [[general]], κοινὸς [[ὅρος]] [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]'' 987b6; <b class="b3">κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη</b> [[general]] [[principle]]s, Phld.''Rh.''1.69S.; κοινὸν [[σημεῖον]], opp. [[ἴδιον]], Id.''Sign.''14; κοινὴ [[κρίσις]] = [[objectively]] [[valid]] [[judgement]], Id.''Po.''5.22; [[ὄνομα]] κοινόν Str.10.2.10; [[abstract]], ὁ κοινὸς [[ἄνθρωπος]] καὶ λογισμῷ [[ληπτός]] Dam.''Pr.''341.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> Gramm.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> κοινὴ [[συλλαβή]] = [[common]] [[syllable]], [[capable]] of being [[long]] or [[short]], D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">κοινὰ ποιήματα</b>, [[poem]]s which are both <b class="b3">κατὰ στίχον</b> and [[συστηματικά]], e.g. the [[Sapphic]] [[stanza]], Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems [[of ambiguous metrical form]], Id.p.60 C.<br><span class="bld">2</span> v.supr.111.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of [[gender]], κ. [[γένος]] D.T.634.19; of nouns, A.D.''Pron.''30.7, al., ''EM''143.33, 305.19, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν</b>, of two clauses taking a [[word]] [[in common]], A.D.''Synt.''122.14, al.; [[κοινὸν]] or <b class="b3">ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι</b>, ib.20, 28, al.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> of forbidden [[meat]]s, [[common]], [[profane]], φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον ''Act.Ap.''10.14, cf. ''Ep.Rom.''14.14; κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν ''Ev.Marc.''7.2.<br><span class="bld">VIII</span> [[κοινόν]], τό, name of an [[eyesalve]], ''CIL'' 13.10021.3, al.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Adv. [[κοινῶς]] = [[in common]], [[jointly]], E.''Ion''1462; τὰ κοινὰ [[κοινῶς]] δεῖ [[φέρειν]] [[σύμπτωμα|συμπτώματα]] Men.817: Comp., <b class="b3">ἐν Κρήτῃ κοινοτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων]</b> Arist.''Pol.''1272a16.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[publicly]], κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th.2.42, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[sociably]], [[like other citizens]], οὐδὲ [[κοινῶς]] οὐδὲ [[πολιτικῶς]] ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151; ἴσως καὶ [[κοινῶς]] πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.''Rh.Al.''1430a1; [[κοινῶς]] καὶ [[φιλικῶς]] Plu.''Ant.''33; [[μετρίως]] καὶ [[κοινῶς]] [[ὰσπάζεσθαι]] Id.''Arat.''43.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[in general]], Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. [[σύνεσις]], τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον, Phld.''Vit.''p.34J., ''Mort.''38; opp. [[ἰδίως]], Demetr.Lac.''Herc.''1014.41, Plu.''Marc.''8, cf. Longin.15.1; κοινότερον [[εἰπεῖν]] Phld.''Rh.''1.256 S.; [[κοινοτέρως]] Orib.''Fr.''93.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[in the common dialect]], A.D.''Pron.''82.27, al.: Comp. κοινότερον Id.''Synt.''159.5.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[in plain language]], opp. [[σοφιστικῶς]], Plu.2.659f; [[in the ordinary]] or [[in the wide sense]], opp. [[κυρίως]], Them.''in APo.''5.5: Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.<br><span class="bld">II</span> fem. dat. [[κοινῇ]]; Dor. [[κοινᾷ]] ''SIG''56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); Boeot. [[κυνῆ]] ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—[[in common]], [[by common consent]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.148, 3.79, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''606, ''OC''1339, E.''Hipp.''731, Th.1.3, etc.; κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.''Pol.''1278b23, cf. ''Ath.''40.3; <b class="b3">κοινῇ μετά τινος, κοινῇ σύν τινι</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 209c, ''SIG''346.27 (iv B.C.), [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.6.14, etc.; ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291: also neut.pl.κοινά S.''Ant.''546.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[publicly]], καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X.''HG''1.2.10, ''Mem.''2.1.12, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> as [[preposition]] c. dat., [[together with]], E.''Ion'' 1228, ''Hel.''829, ''Fr.''823.<br><span class="bld">III</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">εἰς κοινόν</b> [[in common]], [[in public]], ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κοινὸν φράσω = I shall declare both to you and her A.''Pr.''844; πᾶσιν ἐς κοινὸν [[λέγω]] Id.''Eu.''408, cf.[[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''457 (lyr.), Pl.''Lg.''796e; εἰς κοινὸν γνώμην [[ἀποφαίνεσθαι]] D.19.156; εἰς τὸ κοινὸν [[λέγειν]], [[ἀγορεύειν]], Pl.''Tht.''165a, X. ''An.''5.6.27; [[εἰς τὸ κοινόν]] = [[for public use]], Pl.''Lg.''681c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἀπὸ κοινοῦ]], [[ἐκ κοινοῦ]], v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν]] = [[they]] [[left]] this an [[open]] [[question]], Lat. [[rem in medio reliquerunt]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''987b14; but <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν κοινῷ γιγνόμενοι λόγοι</b>, = [[οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι]], Id.''de An.''407b29.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[κατὰ κοινόν]], opp. [[κατ' ἰδίαν]], [[jointly]], [[in common]], Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for κατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3.