πλήν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. and Aeol. [[πλάν]] ''SIG''56.3(Argos, vB.C.), 421.7(Thermum, iii B. C.), ''IG''9(1).333.4 (Locr., v B. C.), ''Berl.Sitzb.''1927.158 (Cyrene), ''Schwyzer''633.16, 19 (Eresus, ii/i B. C.):<br><span class="bld">A</span> Prep. with [[genitive]], [[except]], [[save]], πάντων Φαιήκων πλήν γ' αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος Od.8.207; τίς ἔτλη… π. Ἡρακλῆος; Hes.''Sc.''74, cf. A.''Pr.''914, ''IG''12.6.108, etc.: with γε, S. ''El.''909, etc.; <b class="b3">ὑπεγγύους π. θανάτου</b> liable to any punishment [[short of]] death, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.71; <b class="b3">ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν π. θανάτου</b> [[save in respect of]] death, Th.4.54; <b class="b3">σκυλεύειν τοὺς τελευτήσαντας π. ὅπλων</b> of anything [[save]] their arms, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 469c; <b class="b3">διαρπάσαι… ἐπέτρεψε πλὴν ἀνδραπόδων</b> to carry off all plunder [[save]] slaves, X.''An.''2.4.27.<br><span class="bld">2</span> later, [[besides]], [[in addition to]], [[LXX]] ''De.''18.8, 29.1.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Conj.:<br><span class="bld">I</span> with single words and phrases, esp. when a neg. precedes, οὐκ ἆρ' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄνδρες εἰσὶ π. ὅδε; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1238; οὐκ οἶδα π. ἕν Id.''OC''1161, E.''El.''752; οὐ κάτοιδα π. ἐπὶ σμικρὸν φράσαι S.''El.''414, cf. Amphis 13: after a question implying a neg., τί σοι πέπρακται π.τεύχειν κακά; A.''Eu.''125, cf. S.''Ant.''646: after [[πᾶς]], etc., τὸ δ' ἄρσεν αἰνῶ πάντα π. γάμου τυχεῖν A.''Eu.''737; παντὶ δῆλον π. ἐμοί [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 529a, cf. S.''Ph.'' 299, Isoc.12.19, etc.; νικᾶν… πανταχοῦ… ἔφυν π. εἰς σέ S.''Ph.''1053 ([[πᾶς]] is sometimes omitted, θνῄσκουσι [πάντες] π. εἷς τις Id.''OT''118; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἔστι [πᾶσι] πλὴν σοί</b> ib.370): freq. with [[ἄλλος]] (much like [[ἤ]]), τί οὖν μ' ἄνωγας ἄλλο π. ψευδῆ λέγειν; Id.''Ph.''100, cf. ''Aj.''125, ''Ant.''236, Ar.''Pl.''106, X. ''An.''1.2.1, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 334b, etc.: after a Comp., ταῦτ' ἐστὶ κρείσσω π. ὑπ' Ἀργείοις πεσεῖν E.''Heracl.''231, cf. Pl.''Min.''318e, etc.; πάντα μᾶλλον π. αὐτὸς ἅψασθαι D.21.179: after a Sup., τὸ μέγιστον εἴργται π. αἱ τάξεις τοῦ φόρου X.''Ath.''3.5.<br><span class="bld">II</span> freq. joined with other Particles:<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">π. εἰ, π. ἐάν, ὅταν</b>,<br><span class="bld">a</span> followed by a Verb, π. εἴ τις κωμῳδοποιὸς τυγχάνει ὤν Pl.''Ap.''18d, cf. ''Tht.''177d, D.3.18, 10.39, etc.; π. ὅταν A.''Pr.''260, S.''El.''293, etc.; π. εἰ ἄρα μή Str.7.3.8; π. ἐὰν μὴ ἐξέλθῃ Arist.''HA''554b2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Verb omitted, οὐδεὶς οἶδεν... π. εἴ τις ἄρ' ὄρνις [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''601, cf.X.''HG''4.2.21, etc.; <b class="b3">π. εἰ μή</b>, after a neg., οὐδὲν προσδεησόμεθα, π. εἰ μὴ πάρεργόν τι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 286d ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); οὐδὲν ἂν πάθοι... π. εἰ μή που κατὰ συμβεβηκός Arist.''GC''323b26; οὐ δεῖ… τοῦτο… κινεῖσθαι, π. εἰ μὴ κατὰ σ. Id.''de An.''406b8, cf. ''APr.''43a39, [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[De Causis Plantarum|CP]]'' 1.10.6, D.H.4.74.—The pleon. phrase <b class="b3">π. εἰ μή</b> is censured by Luc.''Sol.''7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">πλὴν ἤ</b> (where [[ἤ]] adds nothing to the sense; <b class="b3">πλὴν εἰ</b> is a common v.l.), οὐκ ἄλλῳ π. ἢ Προδίκῳ Ar.''Nu.''361, cf. 734; οὐδὲν κάκιον... πλὴν ἄρ' ἢ γυναῖκες Id.''Th.''532, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.111, Pl.''Ap.''42a ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[π. εἰ]]); also οὐ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὑγιάζει π. ἀλλ' ἢ… [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''981a18 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]).<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. οὐ</b> [[only]] not, πάντες προσδέχονται, π. οὐχ οἱ τύραννοι X.''Hier.''1.18 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ap.Ath.4.144d), cf. ''Lac.''15.6, D.18.45, 56.23, ''Berl.Sitzb.''l.c.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. ὅτι</b> [[except]] that... [[save]] that... καίτοι τί διαφέρουσιν ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι, π. ὅτι ψηφίσματ' οὐ γράφουσιν; Ar.''Nu.'' 1429; π. ἢ ὅτι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.189; <b class="b3">πλήν γε ὅτι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι</b>, Pl.''Tht.''183a, ''Phd.''57b; after <b class="b3">ὁμοίως, τὰ αὐτά</b>, Plu.''Pel.''4, Artem.1.56.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ὅσον</b> [[except]] or [[save]] so far as... παρήκουσι παρὰ πᾶσαν [τὴν Λιβύην]... π. ὅσον Ἕλληνες… ἔχουσι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.32, cf. D.H.1.23; π. ὅσα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 456a; π. καθόσον D.C.72.19; π. καθόσον εἰ Th.6.88 codd.<br><span class="bld">b</span> without a Verb, <b class="b3">πάντων ἐρήμους, π. ὅσον τὸ σὸν μέρος</b> [[save]] so far as thou art concerned, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1509; <b class="b3">τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν π. ὅσον ἐκ τριῶν νεῶν οὓς ἐζώγρησαν</b> [[except]] only... Th.7.23, cf. Pl.''Lg.''670a, 856d; ἀληθευτικός, π. ὅσα μὴ δι' εἰρωνείαν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1124b30.<br><span class="bld">III</span> introducing a clause, mostly preceded by [[οὐδείς]], [[πᾶς]], [[ἄλλος]], [[save that]], νῦν δ' οὐδεμία πάρεστιν... π. ἥ γ' ἐμὴ κωμῆτις ἥδ' ἐξέρχεται Ar.''Lys.''5, cf. S.''Tr.''41, X.''An.'' 1.8.20, etc.; οὐκ ἀντεξῄεσαν π. ἕως ἀκροβολισμοῦ Plb.1.18.2: without any such word preceding, [[only]], [[albeit]], ἀπέπεμπε κήρυκας ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, π. οὔτε ἐς Ἀθήνας οὔτε ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἀπέπεμπε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.32, cf. S. ''OC''1643, Th.8.70, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 328e, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> to break off and pass to another subject, [[only]], [[however]], π. γνώριζε ἄτοπος ὤν ''PCair.Zen.''454.10 (iii B. C.), cf. Plb.1.69.14, 2.17.1, ''1 Ep.Cor.''11.11, Diog.Oen.8, Plu. ''Per.''34, etc.: in late Prose, π. ἀλλά Id.''Pyrrh.''5, Luc.''Prom.''20, ''DMort.''13.3, 20.4, etc.; π. ἀλλά γε Id.''Rh.Pr.''24.<br><span class="bld">3</span> simply for [[δέ]], [[but]], πολλὴν στρατιὰν ἀθροίσας, π. ἄπειρον μάχης Hdn.3.4.1; δυστυχῶν μέν, π. ἀλλ' Ἑλλήνων Hld.6.7. (Cogn. with [[πλησίος]], [[πελάζω]], cf. [[ἔμπλην]].)