πίπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. [[πίσσω]], acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard<br><span class="bld">A</span> Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); ''poet.'' subj. πίπτῃσι Pl.Com. 153.5: Ep. impf. πῖπτον Il.8.67, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.2.10); Ion. [[πίπτεσκον]] (συμ-) Emp.59.2: fut. πεσοῦμαι A.''Ch.''971 (lyr.), etc.; Ion.3pl. πεσέονται Il.11.824, 3sg. πεσέεται [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.163, 168: aor. ἔπεσον, inf. [[πεσεῖν]], Il.13.178, etc.; 2sg. opt. πεσοίης Polem.''Call.'' 10.14; Aeol. and Dor. [[ἔπετον]] Alc.60, Pi.''O.''7.69, ''P.''5.50, ([[κάπετον]]) ''O.''8.38, ([[ἐμπίπτω]]) ''P.''8.81, cf. Isyll.8, ''IG''14.642 (Thurii); in later writers [[ἔπεσα]], Orph.''A.''521, [[LXX]] ''Le.''9.24, al., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in E.''Tr.''291 (προς-): pf. πέπτωκα A.''Eu.''147, Ar.''Ra.''970, etc.; Ep. part. [[πεπτεώς]], [[εῶτος]] (the εω forming one [[syllable]] by synizesis), Il.21.503, etc.; also [[πεπτηώς]], [[ηυῖα]], Od.14.354, Simon.183.7, Hp.''Mul.''1.69, A.R.4.1298, ''AP''7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. [[πτήσσω]]; Trag. part. πεπτώς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''828, ''Ant.''697. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in Aeol. and Dor. aor. <b class="b3">ἔπετον</b> (v. supr.), and the ''poet.'' form <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b>; cogn. with [[πέτομαι]], [[quod vide|q.v.]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> Radical sense, [[fall down]], and (when intentional) [[cast oneself down]], <b class="b3">πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν</b>, Il.6.307, 15.435, etc.; νιφάδες… π. θαμειαί 12.278; ὀπίσω πέσεν Od.12.410; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always <b class="b3">ἐν... ἐν κονίῃσι π.</b> [[fall]] in the [[dust]], i.e. to [[rise]] no more, Il.11.425, cf. 13.205; ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας Od.22.384; <b class="b3">πίπτω ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος</b> [[fall into]] his arms, Hes.''Fr.''142.5; <b class="b3">ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς</b> Simon.l.c. (cf. [[πτήσσω]]) πίπτω ἐν δεμνίοις E.''Or.''35, cf. A.''Pers.''125 (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose, πίπτω ἐν ποταμῷ X.''Ages.''1.32: c. dat. only, πεδίῳ πέσε Il.5.82; <b class="b3">δεμνίοις π.</b> E.''Or.''88 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]); πίπτω ἐπὶ χθονί Od.24.535; οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις Hes.''Fr.''188.4; ἐπὶ γᾷ S.''Ant.''134 (lyr.); πρὸς πέδῳ E.''Ba.'' 605; πρὸς ἀγκάλαις Id.''Ion''962; ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων A.''Ag.''326: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes., Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον ''Op.''620; [ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα ''Th.''791; εἰς ἄντλον E.''Hec.''1025 (lyr.); ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα A.''Ag.'' 1019 (lyr.); ἐπὶ στόμα X.''Cyn.''10.13; πρὸς οὖδας E.''Hec.''405.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, <b class="b3">χαμάδις π.</b> Il.7.16, 15.714, etc.; <b class="b3">χαμαὶ π.</b> 4.482, cf. 14.418, etc.; π. ἔραζε 12.156, cf. Od.22.280.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls, ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε Il.16.803; ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ A.''Fr.''44.3; ἀπό τινος ὄνου Pl. ''Lg.''701d; ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία Il.5.583; πίπτω ἐκ νηός Od.12.417; πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ 10.51.<br><span class="bld">4</span> Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, <b class="b3">πίπτω ἐπί τι</b> [[fall]] upon, Euc.3.11, Archim.''Fluit.'' 2.8, al., Apollon.Perg.''Con.''1.2; but <b class="b3">πίπτω ἐπί τι, πίπτω ποτί τι</b>, [[intersect]], [[meet]], Archim.''Con.Sph.''16, ''Spir.''15; <b class="b3">πίπτω διά τινος</b> [[pass]] through, Id.''Con.Sph.'' 17; πίπτω κατά τινος Id.''Sph.Cyl.''1 ''Def.''2; ἐπί τι κατά τινα Apollon.Perg. ''Con.''1.2.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Special usages:<br><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔν τισι</b> [[fall violently upon]], [[attack]], ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν Il.13.742 (but <b class="b3">ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες</b> [[tumbling]] into the ships, 2.175); <b class="b3">ἐν βουσὶ π.</b> [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''375 (lyr.); <b class="b3">Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι</b> π. Id.''Ant.''782(lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι</b>, of [[combatant]]s, Hes.''Sc.''379, cf. 375; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1061; πρὸς πύλαις A.''Th.''462.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[throw oneself down]], [[fall down]], <b class="b3">πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν</b> ib.185; ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ E.''Hec.''787; [[ἐς γόνατα]] = [[on one's knees]], of a [[wrestler]], Simon.156; ἐς τὸν ὦμον [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''571.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[fall]] in battle, πῖπτε δὲ λαός Il.8.67, etc.; [[οἱ πεπτωκότες]] = [[the fallen]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.24; νέκυες πίπτοντες Il.10.200; νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες E.''Ph.''881; πεσήματα… πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν Id.''Andr.''653; πίπτω ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.67; ὡς… θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι... ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων Il.11.157, cf. 500, etc.; τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν A.''Pers.''252.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[fall]], [[be ruined]], δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι Id.''Ch.''263, cf. Pl.''Phlb.''22 e; πεσεῖν… πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά A.''Pr.''919, cf. Pl.''La.''181b; στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''50; <b class="b3">ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π.</b>, Id.''El.''429, 398; ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ Id.''Aj.''1078; of an army, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.18, cf. Th.2.89; ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.16; of a city, π. δορί E.''Hec.'' 5.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall]], [[sink]], <b class="b3">ἄνεμος πέσε</b> the wind [[fell]], Od.19.202 (but in Hes. ''Op.''547, <b class="b3">Βορέαο πεσόντος</b> is used for [[ἐμπεσόντος]], [[falling on]], [[blowing on]] one): metaph, πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα A.''Th.''794, cf. S.''Ant.''474: c. dat., <b class="b3">ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν</b> [[fail]] in one's hopes, Plb.1.87.1.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[fall short]], [[fail]], Pl.''Phd.''100e; of a playwright, [[fail]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''540.<br><span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔκ τινος</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] a thing, unintentionally, <b class="b3">σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] thy favour, Il.23.595; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐλπίδων π.</b> E.''Fr.''420.5; τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν Id.''Hipp.''390; also of set [[purpose]], <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρκύων π.</b> [[escape]] from... A.''Eu.''147; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν Ar.''Ra.''970.<br><span class="bld">2</span> reversely, <b class="b3">πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π.</b> Thgn.42; εἰς ἄτην Sol.13.68; εἰς δουλοσύνην Id.9.4; ἐς δάκρυα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.21; ἐς νόσον A.''Pr.''478; <b class="b3">εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας</b>, E.''IT''1172, ''Fr.''578.8, ''Or.''696, ''Ph.''69, Th.3.82; also <b class="b3">ἐν γυιοπέδαις π.</b> Pi.''P.''2.41; ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις S.''El.''1476; ἐν φόβῳ E.''Or.''1418 (lyr.); ἐν σολοικισμῷ Luc.''Sol.''3; πρὸς τόλμαν S.''Ichn.'' 11: c. dat. only, π. δυσπραξίαις Id.''Aj.''759; αἰσχύνῃ Id.''Tr.''597, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω</b> I know not which way [[to turn]], ib.705.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[εἰς ὕπνον πίπτω]] = [[fall asleep]], Id.''Ph.''826; but ἐν ὕπνῳ Pi.''I.''4(3).23; simply [[ὕπνῳ]], A.''Eu.''68.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">πίπτω εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν</b> to [[be applied]] to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">πίπτω ὑπ' αἴσθησιν</b> to [[be accessible]] to [[perception]], Iamb.''Comm.Math.''8, ''in Nic.''p.7 P.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός</b> to [[fall between her feet]], i.e. to [[be born]], Il.19.110.<br><span class="bld">V</span> of the dice, <b class="b3">τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι</b> I shall count my master's [[lucky]] [[throw]]s my own, A.''Ag.''32; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι S. ''Fr.''895; ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν Alex.34; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα</b> according to the [[throw]]s, Pl.''R.''604c; <b class="b3">ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π.</b> E.''Hipp.''718; [[πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον]] = [[as matters fall out]], Id.''El.''639; of tossing up with oystershells, κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω Pl.Com.153.5; of lots, <b class="b3">ὁ κλῆρος πίπτει τινί</b> or <b class="b3">παρά τινα</b>, Pl.''R.''619e, 617e; ἐπί τινα ''Act.Ap.''1.26: Astrol., <b class="b3">π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης</b> Vett. Val.7.15.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[fall]], [[turn out]], <b class="b3">εὖ πίπτειν</b> to [[be lucky]], E.''Or.''603; <b class="b3">παρὰ γνώμαν π.</b> Pi.''O.''12.10; of a battle, <b class="b3">καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται</b> to wait and see how [[it would fall]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.163, cf. 8.130; <b class="b3">λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π.</b> [[turn out]] [[true]], Pi.''O.''7.69; συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως Pl.''Lg.''709a.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall to]] one, i.e. to his lot, especially of revenues, [[accrue]], τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε Plb.30.31.7; φησιν… ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν Id.2.62.1; <b class="b3">τὴν πεπτωκότα</b> (sic) μοι οἰκίαν ''BGU''251.12 (ii A. D.); τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων ''IG''5(1).1390.45 (Andania, i B. C.); τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον D.H.20.17; to [[be paid]], τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής Str.17.1.12; τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ… ἱερόν ''PEleph.''10.2 (iii B. C.); π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν ''PCair.Zen.''236.7 (iii B. C.), ''PLond.''3.1200.1 (ii B. C.); μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων ''BMus.Inscr.''1032.40 (Teos); <b class="b3">πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος</b>… ''Ostr.Bodl.''i3 (iii B. C.) (but <b class="b3">τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα</b> [[deficiencies]], ''IPE''12.32B75 (Olbia)).<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[fall]], of a date or period of [[time]], π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα Plb.1.5.1; οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν Id.4.2.2.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[fall under]], [[belong to]] a class, εἰς γένη ταῦτα [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1005a2, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην</b> ib.982b8; ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον Id.''Top.''102a37, cf. 151a15; ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν Id.''EN''1104a8; ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν Id.''PA''681b1; τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι Epicur.''Ep.''1p.28U.; ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν… ἱστορίαν Plb.2.14.7.