ὕλη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῡ], ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[forest]], [[woodland]], Il.11.155, Od.17.316, ''Ep.Jac.''3.5, etc.; γῆν . . δασέαν ὕλῃ παντοίῃ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.21; ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης ζώειν Id.1.203; [[ὕλα ἀεργός]] = [[virgin]] [[forest]], Berl.Sitzb.1927.167 (Cyrene); [[τὰ δένδρα καὶ ὕλη]] = [[fruit trees]] and [[forest trees]], Th.4.69 (cf. [[δένδρον]]); not only of [[forest tree]]s, but also of [[copse]], [[brushwood]], [[undergrowth]] (cf. [[ὕλημα]]), directly opp. to [[timber trees]], X.''An.''1.5.1, ''Oec.''16.13, 17.12, ''PSI''6.577.8 (iii B. C.), Sor.1.40: also in plural, ''h.Cer.''386, Hecat.291 J., Mosch.3.88, Plb. 5.7.10, D.S.3.48, D.H.''Th.''6, Str.5.1.12, 15.1.60, Plu.''Pyrrh.''25, ''Cat. Ma.''21, ''Comp.Cim.Luc.''3, Luc.''Prom.''12, ''Sacr.''10, ''Am.''12, Babr.12.2, al., [[Nonnus Epicus|Nonn.]] ''[[Dionysiaca|D.]]'' 3.69,252, 16.91, 36.70, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[wood cut down]], Od.5.257 (cf. III); [[firewood]], [[fuel]], Il.7.418, 23.50,''III'', al., Od.9.234, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.164,6.80; [[brushwood]], Id.7.36, Th.2.75, etc.; [[timber]], ὕλη ναυπηγησίμη [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''705c; [[ναυπηγήσιμος]] καὶ οἰκοδομική ὕλη Thphr.''HP''5.7.1, cf. ''IG''42(1).102.50 (Epid., iv B. C.); also, [[twig]]s for birds' [[nes]]ts, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''559a2.<br><span class="bld">III</span> the [[stuff]] of which a thing is made, [[material]], (perhaps so of wood), Od.5.257; rarely of other [[material]], as metal, οἱ παρ' ἄκμονι . . ὕλην ἄψυχον δημιουργοῦντες Plu.2.802b (cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''844, but [[ὕλη]] is Plutarch's word): generally, [[materials]], PMasp.151.91 (vi A. D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Philosophy, [[matter]], first in Arist. (Ti.Locr.93b, al. is later); defined as τὸ ὑποκείμενον γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς [[δεκτικός|δεκτικόν]], ''GC''320a2; as τὸ ἐξ οὗ γίγνεται, ''Metaph.''1032a17; [[οὐσία]] ἥ τε ὕλη καὶ τὸ εἶδος καὶ τὸ ἐκ τούτων ib.1035a2; opp. as [[δυνάμει τόδε τι]] to [[τόδε τι ἐνεργεία]], ib. 1042a27; opp. [[ἐντελέχεια]], ib.1038b6: in later philosoph. writers, mostly opp. to the intelligent and formative principle ([[νοῦς]]), Procl. ''Inst.''72, etc.; ὕλη τῶν ἀριθμῶν Iamb.''Comm.Math.''4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[matter]] for a [[poem]] or [[treatise]], [[ὕλη τραγική]], [[ποιητικαὶ ὗλαι]], Plb.2.16.14, Longin. 13.4, cf. 43.1, Vett.Val.172.1, etc.; [[ἡ ὑποκειμένη ὕλη]] = the [[subject-matter]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1094b12, cf. Phld.''Rh.''2.124 S.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὕλη ἰατρική]] = [[materia medica]], Dsc.tit.; so [[ὕλη]] alone, [[materia medica]], Id.1 ''Prooem.'', Gal. 17(2).181; [[ὗλαι τῆς τέχνης]] ibid., cf. 6.77, Sor.1.83,110, 2.15,28; ἡ ὕλη τῶν ὁπλομαχικῶν ἐνεργειῶν Gal.6.157.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[ἡ μέση ὕλη]] = the [[middle]] [[range of diet]], Sor.1.46, 2.15; τροφιμωτέρα ὕλη Id.1.95, cf. 36.<br><span class="bld">5</span> pl., [[material resources]], βασιλικαὶ ὗλαι Ph.1.640.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[sediment]], Ar.''Fr.''879, cf. Sch.Ar.''Pl.''1086, 1088 (hence [[ὑλίζω]] ([[ἀφυλίζω]], [[διυλίζω]]), [[ὑλώδης]] ''ΙΙ''); [[mud]], [[slime]], ''UPZ''70.9 (ii B. C.); [[ὕλῃ]], [[ὕλει]], and [[ἰλυῖ]] are cj. for [[ὕδει]] in Thgn.961.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[matter]] excreted from the human body, Sor.1.22,23,25, al.; ἡ ὕλη τῶν ἐμπυημάτων Gal.18(2).256; [[phlegm]], [[catarrh]], PMed. in ''Arch.Pap.''4.270 (iii A. D.).