gratia: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>grātĭa</b>: ae, f. [[gratus]]; lit., [[favor]], [[both]] [[that]] in [[which]] one stands [[with]] others and [[that]] [[which]] one shows to others.<br /><b>I</b> (Acc. to [[gratus]], I.) Favor [[which]] one finds [[with]] others, [[esteem]], [[regard]], [[liking]], [[love]], [[friendship]] (syn. [[favor]]): pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt [[pars]] hominum [[quam]] id [[quod]] prosint pluribus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12: [[perspicio]] [[nihili]] meam vos facere gratiam, id. Curc. 1, 2, 68: ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in [[praefectura]] florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae, Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.: Sex. [[Roscius]] [[gratia]] [[atque]] hospitiis [[florens]] hominum nobilissimorum, id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: [[deinde]] si [[maxime]] [[talis]] est [[deus]], ut nulla [[gratia]], nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc., id. N. D. 1, 44, 124: [[neque]] quo Cn. [[Pompeii]] gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem, id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.: aliquem restituere in gratiam, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23: aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam, id. Att. 1, 3, 3: in gratiam reducere, id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf. also: cum [[aliquo]] in gratiam redire, to [[reconcile]] one's [[self]] [[with]] one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.: alicujus gratiam sequi, Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.: si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos, id. B. G. 4, 7, 4: ab [[aliquo]] inire gratiam, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113: a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam, id. Att. 7, 9, 3: magnam inire gratiam, id. Fin. 4, 12, 31: quantam eo [[facto]] ad plebem inierat gratiam, Liv. 33, 46, 7: [[apud]] regem gratiam initam volebant, id. 36, 5, 3: at te [[apud]] eum, dii boni, quanta in [[gratia]] posui! Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.; [[with]] a [[different]] [[construction]]: [[apud]] Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in [[gratia]]), Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3: cum [[aliquo]] in laude et in [[gratia]] esse, id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2: [[inter]] vos sic haec [[potius]] cum bona Ut componantur [[gratia]] [[quam]] cum [[mala]], Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.: [[plerique]] (in divortio) cum bona [[gratia]] discedunt, Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10; [[without]] bona: cum [[istuc]] [[quod]] [[postulo]] [[impetro]] cum [[gratia]], [[with]] a [[good]] [[grace]], Ter. And. 2, 5, 11: omnia quae potui in hac [[summa]] tua [[gratia]] ac [[potentia]] a te impetrare, [[credit]], [[influence]], Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.: [[Iccius]] [[Remus]], [[summa]] nobilitate et [[gratia]] [[inter]] suos, Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8: gratiā plurimum posse, id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.: [[quantum]] [[gratia]], auctoritate, [[pecunia]] valent, id. ib. 7, 63, 1: gratiā valere, id. B. C. 2, 44, 1: inproba [[quamvis]] Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit [[urna]], Juv. 13, 4: quem triumphum [[magis]] gratiae [[quam]] rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat, Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.: L. Murenae [[provincia]] multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit, tokens of [[favor]], Cic. Mur. 20, 42: cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat, id. ib. 11, 24: non hominum potentium [[studio]], non excellentibus [[gratiis]] paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem [[factum]], id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., objectively, [[like]] the Gr. [[χάρις]], agreeableness, [[pleasantness]], [[charm]], [[beauty]], [[loveliness]], [[grace]] ([[only]] [[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; esp. freq. in Quint.): [[gratia]] formae, Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3: corporis, id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260: [[quid]] [[ille]] gratiae in vultu ostenderit, Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26: unica nec desit jocundis [[gratia]] verbis, [[charm]], Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: [[neque]] abest facundis [[gratia]] dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127: [[plenus]] est jucunditatis et gratiae ([[Horatius]]), Quint. 10, 1, 96: sermonis Attici, id. ib. 65; 12, 10, 35: dicendi, id. 9, 3, 74: brevitatis novitatisque, id. ib. 58: [[omnis]] [[bene]] scriptorum, id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.: uvis et vinis gratiam affert [[fumus]] [[fabrilis]], Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Χάριτες, the goddesses of [[favor]], [[loveliness]], [[grace]], etc., the [[three]] Graces, [[Aglaia]], [[Euphrosyne]], and [[Thalia]], daughters of Jupiter and [[Eurynome]], Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, [[collect]]., Ov. M. 6, 429.<br /><b>II</b> Favor [[which]] one shows to [[another]], [[mark]] of [[favor]], [[kindness]], [[courtesy]], [[service]], [[obligation]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. ([[rare]]): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est [[gratia]], Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.): [[ergo]] ab eo petito gratiam istam, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.: gratiam a patre si petimus, [[spero]] ab eo impetrassere, id. Stich. 1, 2, 23: petivit in beneficii [[loco]] et gratiae, ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.: [[quod]] beneficii gratiaeque [[causa]] concessit, id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.: hanc gratiam ut sibi des, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30: juris jurandi [[volo]] gratiam facias, [[excuse]], [[release]], Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.: alicui delicti gratiam facere, to [[grant]] [[pardon]], [[forgive]], Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.: qui mihi [[atque]] [[animo]] meo nullius [[umquam]] delicti gratiam fecissem, id. Cat. 52, 8; cf. also: quibus [[senatus]] belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat, id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.: alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis, to [[please]], for the [[sake]] of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.: deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam [[Saguntum]] deleverat [[Hannibal]], id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.: in gratiam alicujus, id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf. also: [[data]] [[visceratio]] in praeteritam judicii gratiam, for the [[favor]] shown him on the [[trial]], Liv. 8, 22, 4: nil ibi majorum [[respectus]], [[gratia]] nulla umbrarum, Juv. 8, 64.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic., a [[mark]] of [[favor]] shown for a [[service]] rendered, [[thanks]] (by [[word]] or [[deed]]), [[thankfulness]], [[gratitude]]; [[acknowledgment]], [[return]], [[requital]] (the form [[with]] agere of [[returning]] [[thanks]] is the plur., [[but]] [[with]] habere, referre, debere, [[nearly]] [[always]] in sing.; [[but]] [[when]] [[thanks]] are [[due]] to or rendered by [[more]] [[than]] one [[person]], the form gratias referre, etc., [[may]] be used;<br /> v. [[infra]]., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505): quae ([[gratia]]) in [[memoria]] et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat, Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.: [[gratia]] est, in [[qua]] amicitiarum et officiorum alterius [[memoria]] et remunerandi [[voluntas]] continetur, id. ib. 2, 53, 161: immortales [[ago]] [[tibi]] gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non [[possum]], id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.: renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam [[nunc]] non posse, [[quam]] ut suadeam, ne, etc., Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. [[ago]]): dīs gratias agere ... si referre studeant gratias, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.: L. [[Lucceius]] [[meus]], [[homo]] omnium gratissimus, mirificas [[tibi]] [[apud]] me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1: eique amplissimis verbis per [[senatus]] [[consultum]] gratias egimus, id. Phil. 1, 1, 3: Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias [[diligenter]], id. Fam. 1, 10: justissimas gratias agere, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: [[quamquam]] gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc., id. Fam. 10, 19, 1: [[nunc]] [[tecum]] sic agam, tulisse ut [[potius]] injuriam, [[quam]] retulisse gratiam videar, to [[have]] made a [[return]], [[requital]], [[recompense]], id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.: magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt, id. Fam. 13, 4, 1: praeclaram [[vero]] [[populo]] Romano refers gratiam, id. Cat. 1, 11, 28: ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur, id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25: me omnibus, si [[minus]] referenda [[gratia]] satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda [[certe]] [[satis]] esse facturum, if I cannot [[requite]] ... I can [[extol]], id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: [[nimirum]] [[inops]] [[ille]], si [[bonus]] est vir, [[etiam]] si referre gratiam non potest, habere [[certe]] potest. Commode [[autem]] [[quicumque]] dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam [[autem]] et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1: gratias habere, Liv. 24, 37, 7: alicui [[summas]] gratias habere, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33: alicui maximas infinitasque agere [[atque]] habere gratias, [[quod]], etc., Vitr. 6 praef. 4: [[merito]] vestro maximas [[vobis]] gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus, Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25: meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere, id. Planc. 33, 80: pro beneficio gratiam repetere, Liv. 1, 47, 7: gratias ob hoc agere, [[quod]], etc., Liv. 54, 50, 4; so [[with]] ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9: pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere, Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, [[Pan]]. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5: dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis [[gratia]] caelitibus, Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.: hoc [[certe]] justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut [[certe]] malam gratiam, Sen. Ep. 81 med.; [[rarely]]: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet), to [[accept]] as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1: unum vis curem: [[curo]]. Et est dīs [[gratia]], Cum ita, ut [[volo]], est, I [[thank]], Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus [[intro]], ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam [[gratia]] est, no, I'm [[much]] obliged to [[you]] (the [[negative]] [[being]] omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur; discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs [[gratia]], Et [[unde]] haec fiant, et [[adhuc]] non molesta sunt, [[thank]] Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and [[post]]-Aug.): dīs gratias agebat, [[tempus]] sibi dari, etc., Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in [[favor]] of, on [[account]] of, for the [[sake]] of; [[hence]], in gen., on [[account]] of ([[usually]] placed [[after]] the gen., in Quint. a [[few]] times [[before]] it; cf.: [[causa]], [[ergo]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen.: sed [[neque]] longioribus [[quam]] [[oportet]] hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus [[gratia]] fecerimus, [[propter]] eam fecisse videamur, [[lest]] [[what]] we [[have]] done to [[embellish]] the [[style]] we should [[seem]] to [[have]] done [[merely]] on [[account]] of the [[construction]] we had [[chosen]], Quint. 9, 4, 144: [[tantum]] abest, ut haec bestiarum [[etiam]] [[causa]] parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum [[gratia]] generatas esse videamus, Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris [[magis]] [[quam]] honoris servavisti [[gratia]], Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.: honoris [[gratia]] [[nomino]], Cic. Quint. 7, 28: nuptiarum [[gratia]] haec sunt ficta [[atque]] incepta omnia, Ter. And. 5, 1, 17: simulabat [[sese]] negotii [[gratia]] properare, Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse [[constat]]; non praedae [[gratia]]: [[quia]] [[inspoliatus]] est, Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.: hereditatis [[gratia]], id. 5, 12, 5: quem censores senatu probri [[gratia]] moverant, Sall. C. 23, 1: [[profectus]] [[gratia]] dicere, Quint. 2, 10, 9: brevitatis [[gratia]], id. 4, 2, 43: [[decoris]] [[gratia]], id. 8, 6, 65: difficultatis [[gratia]], id. 9, 2, 77: aut invidiae [[gratia]] ... aut miserationis, id. 9, 2, 8: praesentis [[gratia]] litis, id. 2, 7, 4 al.—With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum [[gratia]], Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.): ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum [[causa]], aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum [[gratia]], Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2: tentandi [[gratia]], Sall. J. 47, 2: hiemandi [[gratia]], id. ib. 61, 3: colloquendi [[gratia]], id. ib. 61, 4: placandi [[gratia]], id. ib. 71, 5: simulandi [[gratia]], id. ib. 37, 4: sui exposcendi [[gratia]], Nep. Hann. 7, 6: amplificandi [[gratia]] ... vel miserandi, Quint. 9, 3, 28: elevandae invidiae [[gratia]], id. 5, 13, 40: recuperandae dignitatis [[gratia]], id. 11, 1, 79: vitandae similitudinis [[gratia]], id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli [[gratia]], vir [[bonus]] [[Alexandria]] Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for [[example]], for [[instance]] (for the [[usual]] exempli [[causa]]; so, verbi [[gratia]], for verbi [[causa]], [[infra]]), Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so, exempli [[gratia]], Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110; for [[which]] in [[full]]: pauca [[tamen]] exempli [[gratia]] ponam, Quint. 6, 5, 6: eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli [[gratia]], Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213: [[propter]] aliam quampiam rem, verbi [[gratia]] [[propter]] voluptatem, for [[instance]], Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed [[before]] the gen.: gratiā [[decoris]], Quint. 8 praef. § 18: compositionis, id. 9, 4, 58: lenitatis, id. 9, 4, 144: significationis, id. 8, 6, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With pron. ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].): meā gratiā, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3: qui [[nihil]] ocius venit [[tamen]] hac [[gratia]], id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.: abire [[istac]] [[gratia]], id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: ([[Medea]]) per agros [[passim]] dispergit [[corpus]]: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so, eā gratiā, Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11: sed huc [[qua]] [[gratia]] te arcessi jussi, ausculta, id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79: id ea [[gratia]] eveniebat, [[quod]] [[nemo]] ex [[fuga]] regem sequitur, Sall. J. 54, 4: id ea [[gratia]] facilius fuit, [[quod]], etc., id. ib. 80, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> grā-tĭīs ([[always]] as a trisyll. in [[ante]]-[[class]]. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. [[Charis]]. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs ([[since]] the [[class]]. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., [[out]] of [[favor]] or [[kindness]]; [[hence]], pregn., [[without]] [[recompense]] or [[reward]], for [[nothing]], [[gratuitously]], [[gratis]], [[προῖκα]] (cf.: [[gratuito]], nequidquam, [[frustra]]): quae ([[psaltria]]) [[quantum]] potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non [[pretio]], at [[gratiis]], Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46: si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc [[tibi]] noctem honoris [[causa]] [[gratiis]] [[dono]] dabo, id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.: [[quam]] introduxistis fidicinam, [[atque]] [[etiam]] [[fides]], Ei quae accessere, [[tibi]] addam [[dono]] [[gratiis]], [[into]] the [[bargain]], to [[boot]], id. Ep. 3, 4, 38: quae Romae magna cum [[infamia]] [[pretio]] [[accepto]] edixeras, ea sola te, ne [[gratis]] in [[provincia]] [[male]] audires, ex [[edicto]] Siciliensi sustulisse [[video]], Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118: hic [[primum]] [[questus]] est non [[leviter]] Saturius, communem [[factum]] esse [[gratis]] cum Roscio, qui [[pretio]] [[proprius]] fuisset Fanni, id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27: [[gratis]] [[dare]] alicui (opp. [[pretium]] accipere ab [[aliquo]]), Mart. 14, 175, 2: id me scis [[antea]] [[gratis]] [[tibi]] esse [[pollicitum]]. Quid [[nunc]] putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita? Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7: [[gratis]] rei publicae servire, id. Clu. 26, 71: [[tantum]] [[gratis]] [[pagina]] nostra placet, Mart. 5, 16, 10: virtutes omnes per se ipsas [[gratis]] diligere, Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for [[payment]]: is [[repente]], ut Romam venit, [[gratis]] [[praetor]] [[factus]] est. Alia [[porro]] [[pecunia]] ne accusaretur [[data]], Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, § 48: habitent [[gratis]] in [[alieno]]? id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so, habitare in aedibus alienis, Dig. 39, 5, 9: habitationem cui [[dare]], [[free]] of [[cost]], ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.