ἦθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό (cf. [[ἔθος]]),<br><span class="bld">A</span> an [[accustomed place]]: hence, in plural, [[haunt]]s or [[abode]]s of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων Il.6.511; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od.14.411; of lions, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.125; of fish, Opp.''H.''1.93; of [[the abodes of men]], Hes.''Op.''167, 525, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.15, 157, A.''Supp.''64 (lyr.), E.''Hel.''274, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''865e, Arist.''Mu.''398b33; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι = away from his [[accustomed place]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 2.142; of plants, Callistr.''Stat.''7: metaph., with play on signf. ''ΙΙ'', [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''277a.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[custom]], [[usage]]: in plural, [[manners]], [[customs]], Hes.''Op.''137, ''Th.''66, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.30,35, 4.106, Th.2.61; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Pl. ''Lg.''896c; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ. ib.695e; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί ''PHib.''1.7.94 (E.''Fr.''1024 = Men.218); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]5.21.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[disposition]], [[character]], ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος Hes.''Op.'' 67,78; ἦ. ἐμφυές Pi.''O.''11(10).21; [[ἀκίχητος|ἀκίχητα]] ἤθεα, of [[Zeus]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''187; τοὐμὸν ἦθος [[παιδεύειν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''595; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦθος Id.''Ant.''746; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦθος Isoc.2.31; [[βελτίων]] τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦθος D.20.14; esp. [[moral character]], opp. [[διάνοια]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1139a1; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''792e, cf. Arist.''EE''1220a39; [[ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων]] = [[the destiny of man is his own character]], [[a man's character is his fate]] Heraclit.119; ἦθος πηγὴ βίου Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; ἦθος τῆς ψυχῆς, ἦθος τῆς γνώμης, Pl.''R.''400d, D.61.16: freq. opp. [[πάθος]], Arist.''Rh.''1356a23 (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν [[μίμησις]] D.H.''Pomp.''3; τὸ ἦθος πρᾶος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''243c: less freq. in dat., [[ἀγοραῖος]] τῷ ἤθει [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''6.2, cf. ''Inscr.Magn.''164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., [[trait]]s, [[characteristic]]s, Pl.''R.''402d, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1144b4 (in sg., τὸ τῆς [[ἀνδρεία]]ς ἦθος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''836d): seldom in plural, of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα Hp.''Ep.''11; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη Ath.1.1e.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of outward [[bearing]], ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦθος X.''Smp.''8.3; [[ὑγρότης]] ἤθους Lycurg.33; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤθει Plu.''Dio''4: in plural, of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη Philostr.''Gym.'' 25.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in Rhet., [[delineation of character]], ἦθος ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ [[προαίρεσις]] Arist.''Rh.''1395b13; ἦθος [[ἐμφαίνειν]] Phld.''Rh.''1.200S.; esp. opp. [[πάθος]], Longin.9.15, etc.; [[κατ' ἦθος]] [[λέγεσθαι]], opp. [[κατὰ πάθος]], [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''22, cf. ''Lys.''19: in plural, πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν Phld.''Po.''5.5; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν Demetr.''Eloc.''28, etc.; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦθος Arist.''Po.''1450a29; πάθος καὶ ἦθος καὶ σχημάτων [[χρῆσις]] Ael.''VH''4.3; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει Philostr.''Her.''2.10; also of Music, S.E.''M.''6.49.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[dramatis persona]], εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦθος Arist.''Po.''1450a11, al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> also of animals, ἦθος τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (prob.l.for [[ἔθος]]) A.''Ag.''727, cf.E.''Hipp.''1219, Pl.''R.''375e, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''487a12 (pl.); τὸ ἦθος [[ἀσθενής]], of a bird, ib.615a18; of things, [[nature]], [[kind]], παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) Emp. 17.28; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[ἐν ἤθει]] = [[tactfully]] (cf. [[ἠθικός]] ΙΙ.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. Herm. ''in Phdr.''p.195A.; [[διὰ μέτριον ἦθος]], of the expression [[δοκεῖ μοι]], Steph.''in Hp.''1.59D.