libertas: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>lībertas</b>: (old form, [[loebertas]]; v. 1. [[liber]]<br /><b>I</b> init.), ātis, f. 1. [[liber]], the [[state]] or [[condition]] of a freeman, a [[being]] [[free]], [[freedom]], [[liberty]], [[freedom]] from [[restraint]] or [[obligation]], [[free]] [[will]], etc.<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: [[quid]] est [[enim]] [[libertas]]? [[potestas]] vivendi, ut velis, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34: ne majorem largiar ei, qui [[contra]] dicturus est, libertatem et licentiam, id. Ac. 2, 10, 30: praecidere sibi libertatem vivendi, id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3: [[tabella]] dat [[populo]] eam libertatem, ut, [[quod]] velint, faciant, id. Planc. 6, 16: [[libertas]] in ridendo, in plorando, id. ib. 14, 33: omnium rerum impunitam libertatem [[tenere]], id. de Or. 1, 52, 226: [[libertas]] est [[naturalis]] [[facultas]] ejus [[quod]] cuique facere [[libet]], [[nisi]] si [[quid]] vi aut jure prohibetur, Just. Inst. 1, 3, 1.—With gen.: feminae omnium rerum libertatem desiderant, Liv. 34, 2 fin: testamentorum, Quint. 3, 6, 84: verborum ([[with]] [[licentia]] figurarum), id. 10, 1, 28: dialogorum, id. 10, 5, 15: caeli, the [[open]] [[air]], id. 10, 3, 22.—Poet. [[with]] inf [[sit]] [[modo]] [[libertas]], quae velit ira, loqui, Prop. 1, 1, 28: nec mihi [[libertas]] imis freta tollere arenis, Val. Fl. 1, 601.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Civil [[freedom]], [[liberty]], opp. to [[slavery]]: Scaevae, [[servo]] Q. Crotonis, [[libertas]] [[data]] est, Cic. Rab. Perd. 11, 31: alicujus libertati parcere, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): omnes homines naturā libertati studere et condicionem servitutis odisse, Caes. B. G. 3, 10 fin.: patriam et libertatem perdidi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 50: [[libertas]] paenulast [[tergo]] tuo, id. Most. 4, 2, 74: [[haruspex]] his promisit libertatem, id. Poen. 5, 4, 54: aliquem in libertatem asserere, Suet. Vit. 10: petitur [[puer]] in libertatem, id. Rhet. 1: libertatis [[condicio]], Ulp. Fragm. 2, 3: [[favor]] libertatis, Gai. Inst. 1, 21; Paul. Sent. 2, 23, 2: libertatem [[dare]], Gai. Inst. 2, 200: amittere, id. ib. 1, 160 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In plur. (anteand [[post]]-[[class]].): [[tribus]] non conduci possim libertatibus, Quin, etc., Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 70: pecunias et libertates servis et [[ante]] [[dono]] datas, Tac. A. 15, 55: in libertatibus dandis, Gai. Inst. 2, § 228: libertatium conservandarum [[causa]], Dig. 38, 1, 13, § 1: lex (Fufia Caninia) cavet ut libertates servis testamento [[nominatim]] dentur, Ulp. Fragm. 1, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop.: se in libertatem vindicare, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 145; cf.: in libertatem vindicati, id. N. D. 1, 20, 56.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Political [[freedom]], [[liberty]], or [[independence]] of a [[people]] not under [[monarchical]] [[rule]], or not [[subject]] to [[another]] [[people]] (opp. [[servitus]] and [[dominatus]]): aut exigendi reges non fuerunt: aut plebi re, non verbo danda [[libertas]], Cic. Leg. 3, 10 fin.: aliae nationes servitutem pati possunt: populi Romani est propria [[libertas]], id. Phil. 6, 7 fin.; cf. id. ib. 3, 11 fin.: in optimatium dominatu vix [[particeps]] libertatis potest esse [[multitudo]], id. Rep. 1, 27, 43: et a regum et a patrum dominatione solere in libertatem rem populi vindicari, etc., id. ib. 1, 32, 48: alicui eripere libertatem, id. ib. 1, 17, 28: in libertate permanere, Caes. B. G. 3, 8: libertatem accipere, recuperare, id. ib. 7, 1 fin.: [[plus]] communi libertati tribuere, id. ib. 7, 37: per dolum ac proditionem [[prope]] [[libertas]] amissa est, Liv. 2, 3, 1: [[conditor]] Romanae libertatis, id. 8, 34.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> The [[spirit]] of [[liberty]], [[consciousness]] of [[freedom]]: [[dolor]] animi, innata [[libertas]], prompta excellensque [[virtus]], Cic. Sest. 41, 88: timefacta [[libertas]], id. Off. 2, 7, 24.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Freedom of [[speech]] or [[thought]], [[frankness]], [[boldness]], [[candor]] ([[mostly]] [[post]]-Aug.): hoc mihi [[libertas]], hoc pia [[lingua]] dedit, Ov. H. 15, 68: vera de exitu ejus magna cum libertate ominatus est, Vell. 2, 71, 2: quae in aliis [[libertas]] est, in aliis [[licentia]] vocatur, Quint. 3, 8, 48: affectatores libertatis, id. 6, 2, 16; 10, 1, 94: antiqua [[comoedia]] facundissimae libertatis, id. 10, 1, 65: vox honestissimae libertatis, id. 11, 1, 37: [[libertas]] ingenii, Sall. J. 30, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> Freedom from [[taxation]], [[exemption]]: aedium, Dig. 8, 6, 18.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> Personified: Līber-tas, tatis, f., the [[goddess]] of Liberty, whose [[temple]] on the Aventine Hill [[was]] founded by the [[father]] of [[Tiberius]] [[Gracchus]] in the [[second]] Punic [[war]]; in the [[atrium]] of this [[temple]] the [[census]]-tables were preserved, Ov. F. 4, 624; Liv. 24, 17; 25, 7; 34, 44; 45, 15; Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Att. 4, 16, 14; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61. A [[statue]] of Libertas [[was]] erected by [[Clodius]] on the [[site]] of [[Cicero]]'s [[house]] [[after]] it [[was]] pulled [[down]], Cic. Att. 4, 2, 3.