spes: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>spes</b>: spēi (<br /><b>I</b> gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. [[speres]], Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30: spebus, Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. perh. [[root]] spa-, to [[draw]] [[out]]; Gr. [[σπάω]]>; cf.: [[prosper]], [[spondeo]]; v. [[spatium]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., the [[expectation]] of [[something]] [[desired]], [[hope]] (the predom. signif. of the [[word]]; syn. [[exspectatio]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: si [[spes]] est [[exspectatio]] boni, mali exspectationem esse [[necesse]] est metum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: bona [[spes]] cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut [[aegroto]], dum [[anima]] est, [[spes]] esse dicitur; sic, etc., id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1: spem habere in [[fide]] alicujus, Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.: nostros [[tantum]] spei habere ad vivendum, [[quantum]] accepissent ab Antonio, id. Att. 15, 20, 2: miserum est nec habere ne spei [[quidem]] extremum, id. N. D. 3, 6, 14: in quīs plurimum habebat spei, Curt. 3, 3, 1: spem sibi [[aliquam]] proponere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse, id. Fl. 1, 3: spem ponere in armis, Verg. A. 2, 676: spem deponere, [[abandon]], Hor. S. 2, 5, 26; [[but]]: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere, to [[place]], Curt. 10, 9, 7: spem alicujus alere, Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.: auxerat meam spem, [[quod]], etc., id. Phil. 12, 1, 2: aliquem in spem adducere, id. Att. 3, 19, 2: quae ([[salus]] nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet, id. Fl. 2, 4: ut eos homines [[spes]] falleret, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4: quantā de spe decidi, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9: hac spe [[lapsus]] [[Indutiomarus]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55: nostris militibus spem minuit, id. ib. 5, 33: [[Helvetii]] eā spe dejecti, id. ib. 1, 8: ab hac spe repulsi [[Nervii]], id. ib. 5, 42; cf.: de spe conatuque [[depulsus]], Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14: pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: non [[solum]] spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est, id. Fam. 12, 25, 2: spei nostrae finem inponere, Liv. 5, 4, 10: morando spem destituere, id. 1, 51, 5: [[dolor]] tantae ad inritum cadentis spei, id. 2, 6, 1: [[spes]] ad inritum redacta, id. 28, 31, 1: [[Philippus]], magnā spe [[depulsus]], id. 31, 25, 11: Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant, Curt. 4, 3, 20: tantā spe destituti, id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7: hominem [[sine]] re, [[sine]] [[fide]], [[sine]] spe, etc., Cic. Cael. 32, 78: sunt omnia, [[sicut]] adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate [[quam]] spe et exspectatione laudata, id. Or. 30, 107: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem [[quidem]] [[exspecto]], id. Att. 3, 22, 4: [[nemo]] [[umquam]] [[animo]] aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc., id. Lael. 27, 102: [[multa]] [[praeter]] spem [[scio]] multis bona evenisse, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so, [[praeter]] spem evenit! Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51: [[repente]] [[praeter]] spem dixit, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3: [[cetera]] [[contra]] spem salva invenit, Liv. 9, 23, 17: omnia bona in spe habere, Sall. C. 31, 7.—Plur.: ubi sunt [[spes]] meae? Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28: si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, [[spes]] aliquae forent, id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85: in quo nostrae [[spes]] omnesque [[opes]] sitae Erant, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.: omnes Catilinae [[spes]] [[atque]] [[opes]] concidisse, Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16; so [[often]]: [[spes]] opesque, Sall. J. 107, 4: ([[cadus]]) Spes donare novas [[largus]], Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen. obj.: spem [[istoc]] pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35: spe mercedis adducti, Cic. Lael. 9, 31: [[spes]] dignitatis suae, id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: [[spes]] diuturnitatis [[atque]] imperii, id. Rep. 2, 3, 5: nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum, id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: [[quoniam]] me tui spem das, id. Rep. 1, 10, 15: ni mihi esset [[spes]] ostensa Hujusce habendae, Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7: [[spes]] amplificandae fortunae fractior, Cic. Lael. 16, 59: ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem, id. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20: [[Antiochus]] a spe societatis Prusiae decidit, Liv. 37, 26, 1: hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae, id. 33, 44, 3: exulanti Amyandro [[spes]] recuperandi regni facta est, id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.: spe templi capiendi, Liv. 31, 25, 2: spem suae mortis conceperat, Ov. M. 6, 554. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With obj.-[[clause]]: [[spes]] est, eum [[melius]] facturum, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25: magna me [[spes]] [[tenet]], explicare, etc., Cic. Clu. 3, 7: in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati [[fore]], id. Mil. 28, 78: ne [[spes]] [[quidem]] ulla ostenditur, [[fore]] [[melius]], id. Att. 11, 11, 1: magnam in spem veniebat, [[fore]], uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 42: magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum, id. ib. 1, 33: injecta est [[spes]] patri, Posse illam extrudi, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11: si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc., Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: in spem [[venio]], appropinquare tuum adventum, id. Fam. 9, 1, 1: magna me [[spes]] [[tenet]], [[bene]] mihi evenire, [[quod]] mittar ad mortem, id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97: ad Aetolos [[legatum]] misit, [[magis]] ut nudaret animos, [[quam]] spe impetrari posse, Liv. 34, 24, 7: a spe scalis capi urbem posse, id. 6, 9, 9: spe [[castra]] eo [[die]] se oppugnaturos, id. 40, 31, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut: quae te [[ratio]] in istam spem induxit, ut eos [[tibi]] [[fidelis]] putaris [[fore]]? Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53: si spem afferunt, ut ... [[fructus]] appareat, id. Lael. 19, 68: [[spes]] mihi certa fuit ut, etc., Aus. Idyll. 2, 46: irritā spe agitari, ut, etc., Tac. A. 16, 26.—（ε) With de: [[spes]] est de argento, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11: de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse, Caes. B. G. 2, 10: [[quam]] spem [[tunc]] [[ille]] de me concepit, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3: [[nato]] filio [[pater]] spem de [[illo]] [[quam]] optimam capiat, Quint. 1, 1, 1.—（ζ) With ad and gerund.: [[postea]] [[vero]] [[quam]] vidi nostros [[tantum]] spei habere ad vivendum, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2: spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam, id. Mil. 2, 5: Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit [[spes]], Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: cum spei ad resistendum [[nihil]] esset, id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> The [[hope]] of [[being]] appointed [[heir]] ([[rare]]): [[leniter]] in spem Arrepe [[officiosus]], ut et scribare [[secundus]] Heres, Hor. S. 2, 5, 47: in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur), Tac. A. 1, 8. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Spes, a Roman [[divinity]] [[who]] had [[several]] [[temples]] in [[Rome]], Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf, concr., [[like]] the Engl. [[hope]], of [[that]] in [[which]] [[hope]] is placed, or [[which]] is hoped for ([[poet]]. and in postAug. [[prose]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: puppes, Spes vestri [[reditus]], Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: [[vestras]] [[spes]] uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672: [[spes]] o fidissima Teucrum (of [[Aeneas]]), id. ib. 2, 281: spem suam (i. e. [[exta]]) circumvolat [[alis]] (milvus), Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.: spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur, id. ib. 11, 527.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., of [[hopeful]] children, and, by [[analogy]], of the [[young]] of animals, or of the fruits of the [[earth]]: devovit nati spemque caputque [[parens]], Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in <[[number]] opt="n">plur.</[[number]]>, of one [[child]]: per [[spes]] surgentis Iuli, Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.: tuosne ego, o meae [[spes]] inanes, labentis oculis vidi, Quint. 6, prooem. § 12: ([[capella]]) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit, Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162: (sus) [[quia]] semina [[pando]] Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni, Ov. M. 15, 113.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In gen., as a [[term]] of endearment, [[hope]]: [[spes]] mea, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27: o [[spes]] mea, o mea [[vita]], o mea [[voluptas]], [[salve]], id. Stich. 4, 2, 5: o salutis meae [[spes]], id. Rud. 3, 3, 17: et mea carissima [[filiola]], et [[spes]] reliqua nostra, [[Cicero]], Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.—<br /><b>II</b> An [[anticipation]] or [[apprehension]] of [[something]] not [[desired]], [[ἐλπίς]]> ([[very]] [[rare]]): si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit [[atque]] superaverit, Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23: [[mala]] res, [[spes]] [[multo]] asperior, Sall. C. 20, 13: [[Metellus]] [[contra]] spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur, id. J. 88, 1: id ([[bellum]]) [[quidem]] spe omnium [[serius]] fuit, Liv. 2, 3, 1: omnium spe celerius, id. 21, 6, 5: in malā jam spe, id. 22, 48: in spe Hannibali fuit [[defectio]] Tarentinorum, id. 25, 7: dum [[spes]] nulla necis, Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.: naufragii [[spes]] [[omnis]] abit, Luc. 5, 455.