inter: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>inter</b>: adv., and prep. [[with]] acc. [[kindred]] to in, [[intra]]; Sanscr. antar; Goth. undar; Germ. unter; Engl. under.<br /><b>I</b> Adv., in the [[midst]], in [[between]] ([[poet]]. and [[rare]]): dumque pii petit ora patris stetit [[arduus]] [[inter]] [[pontus]], Val. Fl. 5, 337: tot montibus [[inter]] diviso, id. 6, 220; 8, 382. —<br /><b>II</b> Prep., [[with]] acc., [[between]], belwixt, [[among]], [[amid]], surrounded by.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., in [[space]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[position]] [[only]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Referring to [[two]] places or objects, [[between]]: qui ([[mons]] Jura) est [[inter]] Sequanos et Helvetios, Caes. B. G. 1, 2: cum [[inter]] me et [[Brundisium]] [[Caesar]] esset, Cic. Att. 9, 2: [[inter]] Padum [[atque]] [[Alpes]], Liv. 5, 35: [[ager]] Tarquiniorum, qui [[inter]] urbem ac Tiberim fuit, id. 2, 5: [[locus]] [[inter]] duos lucos, id. 1, 8, 5: [[apud]] [[Artemisium]] [[inter]] Euboeam continentemque terram, id. 2, 5, 2; so, [[inter]] haec maria [[Asia]], Curt. 3, 1, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Referring to [[more]] [[than]] [[two]] places or objects, [[among]], in the [[midst]] of: [[inter]] hostium [[tela]] versari, Cic. de Or. 1, 46: [[inter]] multos saucios spe incertae vitae [[relictus]], Liv. 2, 17, 4: rex [[inter]] primos constiterat, Curt. 5, 3, 9: [[inter]] multitudinem, Liv. 22, 13, 2: [[inter]] lignarios, id. 35, 41, 10: repertae [[inter]] spolia catenae, Tac. A. 2, 18: vicos aut [[inter]] vias manere, Suet. Caes. 39: [[inter]] ingentes solitudines, Sall. J 89, 4: [[inter]] deserta ferarum Lustra domosque, Verg. A. 3, 646.— So, [[even]] [[with]] a [[noun]] in the <[[number]] opt="n">[[sing]].</[[number]]>, in the [[midst]] of, surrounded by: erat [[inter]] ceteram planitiem [[mons]], Sall. J. 92, 5: tibicines [[inter]] exercitum positi, Gell. 1, 11, 3: [[inter]] caedem [[aquila]], Tac. A. 1, 60; cf.: [[inter]] ceteram praedam, Liv. 22, 16, 7; 8, 10, 10: [[inter]] purpuram [[atque]] [[aurum]], id. 9, 17, 16. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With verbs of [[motion]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Between, [[through]], [[among]]: [[inter]] medias stationes hostium erupere, Liv. 35, 11: [[acies]] [[inter]] bina [[castra]] procedunt, id. 4, 18, 3; Tac. A. 14, 33: [[inter]] oppositas classes transmisit, Suet. Caes. 58: spatiabatur in nemore Parmenion [[medius]] [[inter]] duces, Curt. 7, 2, 23: medios [[inter]] hostes [[Londinium]] perrexit, Tac. A. 14, 33.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Pregn., including [[motion]] to and [[position]] [[between]] or [[among]] things mentioned, [[among]], [[into]] the [[midst]] of: [[inter]] densas, umbrosa cacumina, fagos Adsidue veniebat, Verg. E. 2, 3: te mea [[dextera]] magna [[inter]] praemia ducet, id. A. 12, 437: [[dico]] te priore nocte venisse [[inter]] falcarios in Laecae domum, [[among]] the [[scythe]]-makers, [[into]] the [[street]] of the [[scythe]]-makers, Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., of relations conceived as [[local]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[discrimination]] ([[doubt]], [[choice]], etc.), [[between]] [[two]] or [[more]] objects: judicium [[inter]] deas [[tres]], Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114; cf.: [[inter]] Marcellos et Claudios patricios judicare, id. de Or. 1, 39, 176: [[inter]] has sententias dijudicare, id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23: [[inter]] diversas opiniones [[electio]], Quint. prooem. 2: [[discrimen]] [[inter]] gratiosos cives [[atque]] fortes, id. Balb. 21, 49: [[inter]] [[optime]] valere et gravissime aegrotare [[nihil]] [[prorsus]] interesse, id. Fin. 2, 13, 43: qui [[bellum]] et pacem [[inter]] dubitabant, Tac. A. 12, 32: trepidare [[inter]] [[scelus]] metumque, id. H. 3, 39: [[inter]] pugnae fugaeque [[consilium]], Liv. 1, 27.—So, [[with]] [[inter]] [[repeated]]: ut [[nihil]] [[inter]] te [[atque]] [[inter]] quadrupedem [[aliquam]] putes interesse, Cic. Par. 1; id. Fin. 1, 9, 30: [[quid]] intersit [[inter]] popularem civem et [[inter]] constantem, severum et gravem, id. Lael. 25, 95.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In expressing [[any]] [[relation]] [[which]] connects [[two]] or [[more]] persons, conceived as [[between]] or [[among]] [[them]] ([[strife]], [[rivalry]], [[friendship]], [[intercourse]], etc.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: quos [[inter]] magna fuit [[contentio]], Nep. Mil. 4, 4: [[Nestor]] componere lites Inter Peliden festinat et [[inter]] Atriden, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 12: [[certamen]] [[inter]] primores civitates, Liv. 10, 6.—Esp., [[with]] pronouns, to [[express]] all [[reciprocal]] relations, [[among]], [[with]], or [[between]] one [[another]]; [[mutually]], [[together]]: [[quasi]] [[nunc]] non norimus nos [[inter]] nos, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58; id. Att. 10, 4, 10; id. N. D. 1, 26, 51: [[quod]] colloquimur [[inter]] nos, [[with]] one [[another]], id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; cf.: [[inter]] nos naturā ad civilem communitatem conjuncti sumus, id. Fin. 3, 20, 66: [[vobis]] [[inter]] vos voluntatem fuisse conjunctam, id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34: Ciceronis pueri amant [[inter]] se, [[love]] one [[another]] ([[like]] the Fr. s'entr'aimer), id. Att. 6, 1, 12: [[inter]] se consultare, id. de Or. 2, 3, 13: [[inter]] se [[amare]], id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1: [[neque]] [[solum]] se colent [[inter]] se ac [[diligent]], id. Lael. 22, 82: Di [[inter]] se diligunt, id. N. D. 1, 44, 122: [[furtim]] [[inter]] se aspiciebant, id. Cat. 3, 5, 13: complecti [[inter]] se lacrimantes milites coepisse, Liv. 7, 42: haec [[inter]] se cum repugnent, [[plerique]] non vident, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72: [[inter]] se [[nondum]] [[satis]] noti, Liv. 21, 39: [[ratio]] et [[oratio]] conciliat homines [[inter]] se, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50: ne nostra [[nobiscum]] aut [[inter]] nos [[cessatio]] vituperetur, id. Fam. 9, 3, 4: quae res eos in magno diuturnoque [[bello]] [[inter]] se habuit, Sall. J. 79, 3.—Sometimes pleon., the [[reciprocal]] [[relation]] [[being]] [[sufficiently]] expressed by the context: [[manus]] conserentis [[inter]] se Romanos [[exercitus]], Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch: [[Ulixes]] cum Ajace [[summa]] vi contendere [[inter]] se, Dict. Cret. 5, 14: conferti [[inter]] se, id. 2, 46.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So of things: ita effici complexiones atomorum [[inter]] se, [[mutual]], [[reciprocal]], Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19: colles duos [[inter]] se propinquos occupat, [[near]] one [[another]], Sall. J. 98, 3: [[haud]] [[procul]] [[inter]] se erant, id. ib. 41, 2: [[multum]] [[inter]] se [[distant]] istae facultates, Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 215: res [[inter]] se similes, Quint. 9, 2, 51: [[inter]] se [[dissimilis]], id. 9, 4, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of a [[common]] [[privacy]], [[secrecy]], etc.: [[inter]] nos, [[between]] or [[among]] [[ourselves]], [[confidentially]], [[like]] the Fr. entre nous: nec [[consulto]] [[dicis]] [[occulte]], sed [[quod]] [[inter]] nos liceat, ne tu [[quidem]] intellegis, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 74: [[quod]] [[inter]] nos liceat dicere, id. Att. 2, 4: [[quod]] [[inter]] nos [[sit]], [[but]] [[let]] [[that]] be [[between]] [[ourselves]], Sen. Ep. 12, 2. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With nouns denoting a [[multitude]] of persons, [[like]] [[apud]] (not [[ante]]-Aug.): haudquaquam [[inter]] id [[genus]] [[contemptor]] habebatur, Liv. 6, 34, 5: [[inter]] hostes variae fuere sententiae, id. 4, 18, 1: credula [[fama]] [[inter]] gaudentes, Tac. H. 1, 34: [[more]] [[inter]] veteres [[recepto]], id. ib. 2, 85.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of a [[class]] of persons or things to [[which]] the [[subject]] is referred.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In gen., [[among]]: homines [[inter]] suos nobiles, Cic. Fl. 22, 52: [[inter]] suos et [[honestus]] et [[nobilis]], id. Clu. 5, 11: in oratoribus [[vero]] admirabile est, [[quantum]] [[inter]] omnes [[unus]] excellat, id. Or. 2, 6: [[inter]] philosophos ([[Xenophon]]) reddendus est, Quint. 10, 1, 37: [[ille]] [[Croesus]], [[inter]] reges opulentissimus, Sen. Contr. 2, 9: [[Borysthenes]] [[inter]] Scythiae amnes amoenissimus, Mel. 2, 1, 6.— So freq. [[with]] [[sup]]., [[inter]] and acc. [[take]] the [[place]] of a gen.: honestissimus [[inter]] suos numerabatur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: plurimum [[inter]] eos valere, Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 4: maximum [[imperium]] [[inter]] finitimos, Liv. 5, 3, 10: [[inter]] Atheniensīs [[longe]] clarissimi, Curt. 4, 13, 15; Plin. 34, 8, 21, § 81; Petr. 78; Sen. Suas. 2, 7; 2, 12; Just. 12, 7, 2; 36, 2, 6.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Esp.: [[inter]] paucos, etc., [[among]] [[few]], i. e. [[among]] the [[few]] [[select]] ones, [[eminently]], [[especially]]: pingunt et vestes in Aegypto [[inter]] pauca mirabili genere, Plin. 35, 11, 42, § 150; cf.: sternutamento [[utilis]] [[inter]] pauca, id. 24, 11, 58, § 97: [[pugna]] [[inter]] paucas memorata populi Romani [[clades]], Liv. 22, 7; cf.: [[inter]] paucos [[disertus]], Quint. 10, 3, 13: [[inter]] paucos familiarium Neroni [[assumptus]] est, Tac. A. 16, 18: claritudine paucos [[inter]] senum regum, id. ib. 11, 10; so, [[inter]] alios: judicatur [[inter]] alios omnes [[beatus]], qui in [[proelio]] profuderit animam, [[among]] all others to be noticed, i. e. [[especially]], in the [[highest]] [[degree]], Amm. 2, 3, 6; so, [[inter]] cuncta, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 96: [[inter]] omnia, Curt. 3, 3, 18: [[inter]] [[cetera]], Liv. 37, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In judic. lang., t. t.: [[inter]] sicarios, on the [[charge]] of [[assassination]]: cum [[praetor]] quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios exercuisset, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54; id. Clu. 53, 147; cf.: in recuperatorio judicio ejus maleficii, de quo [[inter]] sicarios quaeritur, id. Inv. 2, 20, 60: longo [[intervallo]] judicium [[inter]] sicarios hoc [[primum]] committitur, id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11: [[sexcenti]] sunt, qui [[inter]] sicarios et de veneficiis accusabant, id. ib. 32, 90: si ostenderis, [[quomodo]] sis eos [[inter]] sicarios defensurus, id. Phil. 2, 4, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[some]] idiomatic phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Inter [[manus]], [[within]] [[reach]], i. e. [[close]] at [[hand]]: [[ante]] oculos interque [[manus]] sunt omnia [[vestras]], Verg. A. 11, 311; also, [[upon]] or in the hands: [[inter]] [[manus]] domum [[ablatus]], Liv. 3, 13: [[inter]] quas ([[manus]]) [[collapsus]] extinguitur, Curt. 8, 2, 39: [[inter]] [[manus]] auferri, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: [[inter]] [[manus]] meas crevit, under my hands, Sen. Ep. 12: [[manus]] [[inter]] maestorumque ora parentum, [[before]] [[their]] faces and [[within]] [[their]] [[reach]], Verg. A. 2, 681.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Inter viam, vias, on the [[way]]: dum rus eo, [[coepi]] [[egomet]] [[mecum]] [[inter]] vias, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43: si se [[inter]] viam obtulerit, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 5. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Of [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Between [[two]] dates or periods specified: [[dies]] XLV. [[inter]] binos ludos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52 fin.; Liv. 1, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> During, in the [[course]] of, [[within]]; for [[which]], in English, we [[sometimes]] [[use]] by or at: [[quot]] prandia [[inter]] continuum perdidi [[triennium]], Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 61: omnia agentur, quae [[inter]] [[decem]] annos [[nefarie]] flagitioseque facta sunt, Cic. Verr. 1, 13; cf.: qui [[inter]] annos tot [[unus]] [[inventus]] [[sit]], quem, etc., id. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 68: [[inter]] ipsum pugnae [[tempus]], Liv. 36, 20: [[inter]] noctem lux orta, id. 32, 29: qui [[plus]] cernant oculis per noctem [[quam]] [[inter]] diem, Gell. 9, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Freq., [[with]] substt., to [[denote]] an [[act]] performed at a [[certain]] [[time]], in the [[course]] of, [[while]]: haec [[inter]] cenam Tironi dictavi, at [[table]], Cic. Quint. Fragm. 3, 1, 6; cf.: illuseras [[heri]] [[inter]] scyphos, id. Fam. 7, 22: [[inter]] fulmina et tonitrua, id. Phil. 5, 6, 15: promptior [[inter]] tenebras [[affirmatio]], Tac. A. 2, 82: [[inter]] initia, at the [[beginning]], Cels. 3, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> During, and [[hence]] under the circumstances described, i. e. in [[spite]] of, [[notwithstanding]]: nobis [[inter]] has turbas [[senatus]] [[tamen]] [[frequens]] flagitavit triumphum, [[amid]], in [[spite]] of these commotions, Cic. Fam. 16, 11: utrumque [[consilium]] aspernatus, [[quod]] [[inter]] ancipitia deterrimum est, dum media sequitur, Tac. H. 3, 40: senum coloniae [[inter]] [[male]] parentes et injuste imperantes aegra municipia et discordantia, id. Agr. 32; cf.: ita neutris [[cura]] posteritatis [[inter]] infensos vel obnoxios, id. H. 1, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> Inter haec, [[inter]] quae, [[meanwhile]], [[during]] this [[time]]: = [[interea]], [[inter]] haec major [[alius]] [[terror]], in the [[mean]] [[time]], Liv. 2, 24; cf.: [[inter]] haec jam praemissi Albam erant equites, id. 1, 29; 3, 57, 7; 44, 10, 5; Curt. 3, 1, 1; Suet. Tib. 8; 63: [[inter]] quae tribuni plebei petivere, etc., Tac. A. 1, 15; 2, 34; 58; 3, 33; id. H. 1, 78; Curt. 4, 2, 10: [[inter]] quae unctione uti [[licet]], Cels. 4, 2, 3.— So [[with]] gerunds and gerundives: [[inter]] agendum, at, [[while]], Verg. E. 9, 24; Quint. 12, 3, 10: [[inter]] disceptandum, id. 12, 7, 6: [[inter]] res agendas, Suet. Caes. 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> In [[composition]] its [[final]] r is assimilated in [[intellego]] and its derivatives.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Between; as, intercedere, interponere. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> At intervals, from [[time]] to [[time]]; as, interaestuare, intermittere, intervisere.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Under, [[down]], to the [[bottom]]; as, interire, interficere.