View source for Corcyra

{{WoodhouseENELnames
|Text=[[Κέρκυρα]], ἡ.

<b class="b2">Of Corcyra</b>, adj.: Κερκυραῖος, Κερκυραϊκός.
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{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>Corcȳra</b>: (y, Avien. Perieg. 663), ae, f., = [[Κέρκυρα]].<br /><b>I</b> An [[island]] in the Ionian Sea, [[opposite]] [[Epirus]]; in [[fable]], Scheria, the [[abode]] of [[Alcinous]], [[now]] Corfu, Mel. 2, 7, 10; 4, 12, 19; Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 52 sq.; Cic. Fam. 16, 7 init. and fin.; 16, 9, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 3; Nep. Them. 8, 3 al.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Corcȳ-raeus, a, um, adj., of [[Corcyra]], Corcyræan: [[bellum]], Nep. Them. 2, 1: [[epistula]], written in [[Corcyra]], Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10: horti, i. e. of [[Alcinous]], Mart. 13, 37.—Subst.: Corcȳraei, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of [[Corcyra]], Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1; Nep. Them. 2, 3; Liv. 45, 43, 10. —In sing., Ov. Ib. 508.—<br /><b>II</b> [[Corcyra]] Nigra or Melaena, [[Κόρκυρα]] Μέλαινα, a [[small]] [[island]] in the Ionian Sea, on the [[coast]] of Illyr ia, [[now]] Curzola, Mel. 2, 7, 13; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 152.
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{{Gaffiot
|gf=<b>Corcȳra</b>,¹³ æ, f., île sur la côte de l’Épire [auj. Corfou] : Cæs. C. 3, 3, 1 &#124;&#124; [[Corcyra]] Melæna, f., île sur la côte de l’Illyrie : Plin. 3, 152 &#124;&#124; <b>-cyræus</b>, a, um, de Corcyre : Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10 &#124;&#124; <b>-cyræī</b>, ōrum, m., habitants de Corcyre : Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1.||[[Corcyra]] Melæna, f., île sur la côte de l’Illyrie : Plin. 3, 152||<b>-cyræus</b>, a, um, de Corcyre : Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10||<b>-cyræī</b>, ōrum, m., habitants de Corcyre : Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1.
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{{Georges
|georg=Corcȳra, ae, f. ([[Κέρκυρα]], [[von]] den Einwohnern [[Κόρκυρα]] [[genannt]]), I) [[Insel]] [[des]] ionischen Meeres [[auf]] der [[Westseite]] [[von]] [[Epirus]], das homer. Σχερίη ([[Scheria]], [[Sitz]] [[des]] Phäakenkönigs Alkinous [[mit]] den herrlichen Gärten), [[später]] [[von]] Korinth kolonisiert, [[mit]] den Hauptstädten [[Corcyra]] (am Vorgeb. Phalakrum) u. [[Cassiope]] (s. 2. [[Cassiope]]), j. Corfu, Cic. ep. 16, 7 u. 9 in. Caes. b. c. 3, 3, 1; 3, 15, 4. Vgl. G. C. A. Mueller de Corcyraeorum re [[publica]]. Gotting. 1835. 4. – Dav. Corcȳraeus, a, um (Κορκυραιος), korzyräisch, [[epistula]], in Korfu geschrieben, Cic.: [[rex]], Alkinous, Mart.: [[hortus]], [[des]] Alkinous, Mart.: [[bellum]], Nep. – Plur. subst., Corcȳraeī, ōrum, m., die Einw. [[von]] Korzyra, die Korzyräer, Cic. u. Nep. – II) kleine [[Insel]] an der illyrischen [[Küste]], [[wegen]] ihrer [[dichten]] Waldungen Nigra od. [[Melaena]] (Μέλαινα) zubenannt, j. Corzola, [[Mela]] 2, 7, 13 (2. § 114). – / Corcўra [[gemessen]] [[bei]] Avien. descr. orb. 663 sq.
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{{ls
|lstext='''Κέρκῡρα''': ἡ, ἡ [[νῆσος]] [[Κέρκυρα]], ἥτις νῦν καὶ «Κορφοὶ» λέγεται [[ἐνίοτε]], Ἡρόδ., κτλ.· ― Ἐπίθ. Κερκυραῖος, α, ον, Ἡρόδ. 3. 48, κτλ.· [[ὡσαύτως]], [[Κέρκυρ]], ῡρος, Ἀλκμὰν 83· Κ. [[μάστιξ]], ἦτο ἰδιαιτέρως φοβερὸν [[βασανιστήριον]] [[ὄργανον]] ἐκ πολλῶν λωρίδων συγκειμένη, καλουμένη κωμικῶς Κερκυραῖα πτερὰ παρ’ Ἀριστοφ. Ὄρν. 1462, [[ἔνθα]] ἴδε τὸν Σχολ.· ― τὰ Κερκυραϊκά, δηλ. πράγματα, Θουκ. 1. 118. Ὁ Λατ. [[τύπος]] Κορκ- (Corcyra) [[συχνάκις]] ἀπαντᾷ ἐν τοῖς ἀρίστοις τῶν ἀντιγράφων, Ἀριστοφ. Ὄρν. 1463, Στράβ. 44, 299, Διόδ. 4. 72, Παυσ. 1. 11 6., 5. 27, 9, κτλ.· καὶ οὕτω συνεχῶς φέρεται ἐπὶ νομισμάτων, [[ὥστε]] ὁ Spanh. πιστεύει ὅτι [[οὗτος]] [[εἶναι]] ὁ [[μόνος]] ὀρθὸς [[τύπος]]· ἀλλ’ [[ὅμως]] μόνον ὁ [[τύπος]] Κερκ- ἀπαντᾷ παρ’ Ἡροδ., Θουκ., κτλ.
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{{bailly
|btext=ας (ἡ) :<br />Corcyre (Corfou), <i>île de la mer Ionienne</i>.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG pê d’origine illyrienne, Κέρκυρ (<i>cf. lat.</i> quercus), « l’île aux chênes ».
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{{lsm
|lsmtext='''Κέρκῡρα:''' ἡ, το [[νησί]] της Κέρκυρας (Κορφοί), σε Ηρόδ. κ.λπ.· επίθ. [[Κερκυραῖος]], <i>-α</i>, <i>-ον</i>, [[Κερκυραϊκός]], στον ίδ. κ.λπ.· <i>τὰ</i> Κερκυραϊκά, ζητήματα τα σχετικά με την [[Κέρκυρα]], σε Θουκ.
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{{elru
|elrutext='''Κέρκῡρα:''' поздн. [[Κόρκυρα]] ἡ Керкира (о-в Ионического моря, у побережья Эпира, ныне Корфу) Her., Thuc. etc.
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{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: the island of Corcyra (Hdt., Th., att. inscr. since 375a).<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">Κόρκυρα</b> (Att. inscr. 433a, also Corcyraean coins; prob. from assimilation <b class="b3">ε</b> - <b class="b3">υ</b> > <b class="b3">ο</b> - <b class="b3">υ</b>, Schwyzer 255). Alcman has <b class="b3">Κέρκυρ</b> (fr. 114 Page). Myc. [[korokuraijo]] \/[[Korkuraios]]\/.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[korokuraijo]] \/[[Korkuraios]]\/.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">Κερκυραῖος</b> (<b class="b3">Κορ-</b>) <b class="b2">inhabitant of C.</b><br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Here also the Illyrian people's-name <b class="b3">Κέρκυρες</b> (cf. <b class="b3">Ἴλλυρες</b>); from there the name of the island? (Schwyzer 66). Acc. to Mayer KZ 70, 76ff. prop. the "oak-island", from the Illyr. word for [[oak]] to Lat. [[quercus]], Goth. [[fairguni]] [[mountain]] etc. Other combinations in Specht Sprache 1, 40f.
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{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=Κέρκῡρα, ἡ,<br />the [[island]] [[Corcyra]], now Corfu, Hdt., etc.: —adj. [[Κερκυραῖος]], η, ον Corcyraean, Hdt., etc.:— τὰ Κερκυραϊκά, the affairs of [[Corcyra]], Thuc.
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{{FriskDe
|ftr='''Κέρκυρα''': {Kérkura}<br />'''Forms''': daneben [[Κόρκυρα]] (att. Inschr. 433<sup>a</sup>, auch kerkyräische Münzen; wohl durch Assimilation ε — υ > ο — υ entstanden, Schwyzer 255)<br />'''Grammar''': f. (Hdt., Th., att. Inschr. seit 375<sup>a</sup>),<br />'''Meaning''': die Insel Korkyra ([[Korfu]]);<br />'''Derivative''': davon [[Κερκυραῖος]] (Κορ-) ‘Bewohner von K.’.<br />'''Etymology''' : Hierher noch der illyrische Volksname Κέρκυρες (vgl. Ἴλλυρες); danach der Inselname? (Schwyzer 66 m. Lit.). Nach Mayer KZ 70, 76ff. eig. "Eicheninsel", von dem illyr. Wort für [[Eiche]] zu lat. ''quercus'', got. ''fairguni'' [[Gebirge]] usw. Andere Kombinationen bei Specht Sprache 1, 40f.<br />'''Page''' 1,831
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==Wikipedia EN==
Corfu (/kɔːrˈf(j)uː/, also US: /ˈkɔːrf(j)uː/) or Kerkyra (Greek: Κέρκυρα, romanized: Kérkyra, pronounced (About this soundlisten); Ancient Greek: Κόρκυρα, romanized: Kórkyra, pronounced; Medieval Greek: Κορυφώ, romanized: Koryfó; Latin: Corcyra) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered as a single municipality, which also includes the smaller islands of Ereikoussa, Mathraki and Othonoi. The municipality has an area of 610,9 km2, the island proper 592,8 km2. The principal city of the island and seat of the municipality (pop. 32,095) is also named Corfu. Corfu is home to the Ionian University.

The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology. Its history is full of battles and conquests. Ancient Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian War, and, according to Thucydides, the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time. Thucydides also reports that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers of fifth century BC Greece, along with Athens and Corinth. Ruins of ancient Greek temples and other archaeological sites of the ancient city of Korkyra are found in Palaiopolis. Medieval castles punctuating strategic locations across the island are a legacy of struggles in the Middle Ages against invasions by pirates and the Ottomans. Two of these castles enclose its capital, which is the only city in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. As a result, Corfu's capital has been officially declared a Kastropolis ("castle city") by the Greek government. From medieval times and into the 17th century, the island, having successfully repulsed the Ottomans during several sieges, was recognised as a bulwark of the European States against the Ottoman Empire and became one of the most fortified places in Europe. The fortifications of the island were used by the Venetians to defend against Ottoman intrusion into the Adriatic. Corfu eventually fell under British rule following the Napoleonic Wars, and was eventually ceded to Greece by the British Empire along with the remaining islands of the United States of the Ionian Islands. Unification with modern Greece was concluded in 1864 under the Treaty of London. Corfu is the origin of the Ionian Academy, the first university of the modern Greek state, and the Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù, the first Greek theatre and opera house of modern Greece. The first governor of independent Greece after the revolution of 1821, founder of the modern Greek state, and distinguished European diplomat Ioannis Kapodistrias was born in Corfu.
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Cape Fonias, Corfu 3.JPG|Cape Drastis at the northwest tip of Corfu island
File:Corfu Chalikiopoulou Lagoon R01.jpg|Chalikiopoulou Lagoon (or Lake Chalikiopoulou), south of Corfu town
File:Venetian Shipyard in Gouvia, Corfu.jpg|[[Venetian arsenal, Gouvia]]
File:Corfu Annunziata R02.jpg|Old tower, Corfu town
File:Corfu panorama bgiu.jpg|Panorama of the Old Town of Corfu
File:Corfu venetian quarter overview bgiu.jpg|Venetian quarter, Corfu town
File:Narrow street corfu.jpg|''Odós Ipeirou'' in Corfu old town
File:Corfu Evgeniou Voulgareos R01.jpg|Historic building in ''Evgeniou Voulgareos'' street
File:St. George's Church.jpg|View of St. George's Temple at the [[Old Fortress, Corfu|Old Fortress]]
File:Corfu Mon Repos R01.jpg|[[Mon Repos, Corfu|Mon Repos]]
File:Corfu Achilleion R11.jpg|Gardens of [[Achilleion (Corfu)|Achilleion]]
File:Achilleion Terrace Corfu(1).jpg|Statues at the [[Achilleion (Corfu)|Achilleion]] terrace
File:Villa Rossa in Corfu.jpg|''Villa Rossa'', landmark of Corfu city
File:Corfu Pelekas R02.jpg|[[Pelekas]] village
File:Kaiser's Bridge in Corfu ca. 1918.jpg|Kaiser's Bridge in Corfu c. 1918
File:Krf i Starata tvrdina.jpg|Workers on Corfu. The image shows the Old Fortress. First World War
</gallery>