ἄρχω

English (LSJ)

Ep. inf.

   A ἀρχέμεναι Il.20.154: impf. ἦρχον ib.2.378, etc.; Dor. ἆρχον Pi.O.10(11).51: fut. ἄρξω Od.4.667, A.Pr.940, Th.1.144: aor. ἦρξα, Ep. ἄρξα Od.14.230, etc.: pf. ἦρχα CIG3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—Med., Od.8.90, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος Call.Aet.3.1.56, al.: impf., Il.9.93, Hdt.5.28: fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il.9.97, E.IA442, X.Cyr.8.8.2; Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι Theoc.7.95: aor. ἠρξάμην Od.23.310, etc.:—Pass., pf. ἦργμαι only in med. sense, v. infr. 1.2: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th.6.18, Arist.Pol.1277b13, v. infr.11.4:—to be first,    I in Time, begin, make a beginning, Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν to be the aggressor, Th.1.53; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, X.HG6.3.6; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Id.An.1.6.6; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, ib.3.2.7. Constr.:    1 mostly c. gen., make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il.4.335; μύθων Od.3.68; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι Hdt. 1.2; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς A.Pers.409; τοῦ κακοῦ ib.353; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.1 and 2:— in Med. in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Od.14.428, cf. E.Ion651; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi.I.6(5).37.    2 c. gen., begin from or with... ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι Il.9.97; ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi.N.5.25; πόθεν ἄρξωμαι; A.Ch. 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. VM5; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Od.23.199, Hp.Off.11; ἀπό τινος freq. in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt.3.12; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Pl.R.408d, Thg.128d:—ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Pl.Grg.471c, cf. D.18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων X.Mem.3.5.15; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος Pl.Lg.771c; ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή ib.771a; ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar.V.846.    3 c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Il.15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433, etc.; τῇσι δὲ . . ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od.6.101; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th.2.53, cf. 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X.HG2.2.23; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον S.Tr.871.    4 c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Od.8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο lead the way, 5.237): abs. (sc. ὁδόν), ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη 3.12; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il.9.69; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592, cf. infr. 11.2: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi.N.3.10; ἅπερ ἦρξεν A.Ag.1529 (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι S.El.552; ὕβριν Id.Fr.368.    5 of actions, σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il.9.102: freq. c. inf., τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν among them, Il.1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od.22.437, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il.7.324; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th.1.107; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id.2.47: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il.2.378; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων Hdt.4.119; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα X.Cyr.8.7.26; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl.Mx.237a, cf. Tht.187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id.Phdr.241e); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων X.Cyr.8.8.2 (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν Id.Mem.3.5.22).    6 abs., ἄρχε take the lead! Il.9.69: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. ap. Th.4.118, cf. Lex ap.D.24.42; τὸ ἄρχον, opp. τὸ ἑπόμενον, Dam.Pr.234: part. ἀρχόμενος at first, X.Eq.9.3, Cyn.3.8, Isoc.2.54; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes.Op.368, cf. Fr.192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι Ar.Eq. 1246; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th.2.1; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ ibid.; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου ib.47.    7 Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος D.T.633.27; ἡ ἄρχουσα (sc. συλλαβή) A.D.Synt.130.13.    II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,    1 mostly c. gen., rule, be leader of... Βοιωτῶν Il.2.494, cf. Hdt.5.1, etc.    2 less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od.14.230, cf. 471, Il.2.805, Pi.P.3.4, A.Pr.940, E.Andr.666, IA337, IG7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' held command among them, Il.13.690, cf. Pl.Phdr.238a: c. inf. added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Il.16.65.    3 abs., rule, ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα A.Pr.927, cf. Pers.774; esp. hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν Hdt.6.67; at Athens, etc., to be archon, D.21.178; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Hdt.3.80, Th.6.54; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) IG3.659, 693, SIG872.7.    4 Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι Hdt.7.159, Pi.O.8.45, A.Pers.589, Lys.28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι Arist.Pol.1259b40, D.C.65.10:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος Hdt.1.127; ἔκ τινος S.El.264, Ant.63; ὑπό τινι Hdt.1.91, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys.12.92; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap.D.L.1.60, cf. Pl.Prt.326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. Pol.1277b14; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι subjects, X.An.2 6.19, etc.