νικάω

English (LSJ)

Ion. νικέω Democr.249, Herod.1.51, also GDI1413.16 (Aetol.), SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in Apoc.2.7; Aeol. νίκημι Theoc.7.40, AP7.743 (Antip.); also in impf. νίκη cj. in Pi.N.5.5, cf. Theoc.6.46: Ep. impf. 1pl.

   A νικάσκομεν Od.11.512: fut. -ήσω, later -ήσομαι Hierocl.Facet.205; Dor. 2sg. νικαξῇ v.l. in Theoc.21.32: pf. νενίκηκα, etc.: (νίκη):    I abs., conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Il.3.439, etc.; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror, ib. 138, X.Smp.5.9, etc.; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.23.656,663; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: pres.freq. in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Pi.O.9.112, 13.30, cf. X.Cyr.8.2.27, An.2.1.1; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Ar.Av.445, 447; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Th.7.34, etc.; τὰ πάντα ν. X.An. l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, πυγμῇ in boxing, Il.23.669; ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.7.10.β'; ἵππῳ Id.6.122; μάχῃ E.Ph.1143, etc.; ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει Pl.Ap.36d; λαμπάδι And.4.42, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., E.Alc.1029, 1031; τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. Pl.Phdr.256b; ἅρμα ν. Pi.I.4(3).25; παγκράτιον Th.5.49; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Th.1.126; τὠλύμπια Timocl.8.17; τὰ Παναθήναια Pl.Ion530b; ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33 (also ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν Pl.Ap.36d; ἐν Πυθίοισι Pi.N.2.9): c. dat. et acc., τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. D.59.33; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Plu.2.811d; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in Att. Inscrr. c. gen., Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα IG2.1291, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., νίκην ν. win a victory, E.Supp.1060, Pl.R.465d, etc. (cf. infr. 11); also ν. τρίποδα win it, Simon.147.    2 prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Il.18.252; δόλοισι Od.3.121; κάλλει ἐνίκα (sc. κρητήρ) Il.23.742; πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς Pl.Lg.964c: c. part., εὐεργετῶν ν. X.Ages.9.7.    3 of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Od. 10.46; τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il.1.576, Od.18.404; ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη Hdt.5.36, cf. Th.2.12, etc.; ἡ νικῶσα βουλή E.Med.912; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, X.An.6.1.18, 6.2.12; ταῦτ' ἐνίκα S.Ant.274; νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος is carried, Pl.Lg.801a; σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators, νικᾷ . . ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων E.Or.944; ν. γνώμῃσι Hdt.3.82 (so γνώμῃ, v.l. γνώμην, Id.1.61, cf.Ar.V.594): freq. impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not... Hdt.6.101; τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν S.Ant.233, etc.; ἐνίκησε . . λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that... Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable... Pl.Plt.303b.    4 c. inf., succeed in... ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Psalm.Solom.4.13.    5 as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, E.El.955, cf. Ar.V.581; simply νικᾶν GDI5011.11 (Gortyn), Arist.Ath.42.1, Rh.Al.1433a6, PHal.1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.; νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε Ep.Rom.3.4:—Pass., c. gen., αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων Schwyzer 177.9 (Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.    II c. acc., conquer, vanquish, Ἕκτορα Il.7.192, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi, μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς 16.79; ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 2.370; πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410; κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν 9.130; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα . . κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, E.Hec.659; ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι Pl.Smp.213e, etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, S.OC1224 (lyr.); νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν Ep.Rom.12.21: c. acc. cogn., μάχην ν. τινά Isoc. 8.58, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—Pass., ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη X.HG4.5.2: c. part., ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Id.An.1.9.11, etc.    b as law-term (cf. 1.5), νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα Od.11.545:—Pass., ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ Leg.Gort.1.23, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, ib.1.28, al.:—Pass., to be assigned, adjudicated, ib.1.55.    2 generally, overpower, esp. of passions, etc., νόον νίκησε νεοίη Il.23.604; μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας A.Eu.88, cf. 133; [φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος Democr.176; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, S.OC1204: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε . . νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to... Id.Aj.1334: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ weighs with me more than enmity, from the compar. force in νικᾷ, ib.1357 codd.    3 Pass., to be vanquished, Hom. only in part. νικηθείς (v. supr. 1.1); νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, A.Ag.291, 342; ἡδονῇ S.El.1272; συμφορᾷ E.Med.1195; also ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ Th.2.51; πρὸς ἱμέρου S.Fr.932.4, etc.: sts. c. gen., ἱμέρου νικώμενος A.Supp.1005; αὐτῆς <τε> τῆς δίκης . . αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι Antipho 5.87: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, S.Aj.1353, E.Med.315, Cyc.454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Pi.N.9.2; ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ Ar.Nu.1087.