φθίω

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Πολλοὺς τρέφειν εἴωθε τἀδικήματα → Multos consuevit alere iniuria et nefas → Gar viele sind's, die Unrechttun zu nähren pflegt

Menander, Monostichoi, 445
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Full diacritics: φθίω Medium diacritics: φθίω Low diacritics: φθίω Capitals: ΦΘΙΩ
Transliteration A: phthíō Transliteration B: phthiō Transliteration C: fthio Beta Code: fqi/w

English (LSJ)

ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common pres. being φθίνω, Od.5.161, al. (also φθινύθω, q. v.): impf.

   A ἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29, Pl.Ti.77a: fut. and aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. 11): pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), (ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—Med. and Pass. (in same sense), fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 (φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: aor. 1 φθίσασθαι (ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: 3pl. aor. Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: aor. 2 ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.Th.971 (lyr.); ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu.458, S.OT962, E.Alc.414 (lyr.); 3pl. ἐφθίατο Il.1.251; imper. 3sg. φθίσθω (ἀπο-) 8.429; Ep. subj. φθίεται 20.173, φθιόμεσθα 14.87; opt. φθίμην (ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο (φθῖτ') 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf. φθίσθαι Il.9.246, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, (κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in pf., ἔφθιται Od.20.340, 3pl. ἐξ-έφθινται A.Pers.679 (lyr.). [Hom. has ῑ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: ῑ always in fut. and aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): ῐ always in aor. and pf. Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. *φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω) whereas ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεισ-).)    I decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. aor.) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330: τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S.Aj.141 (anap.); in this sense mostly in pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.    b of the moon, wane, [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.Cael. 291b20; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος (ἵστημι B. 111.4), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month (τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.    c of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).    2 of persons, waste away, pine, perish, ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368 (perh. aor. subj. with ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. impf., but possibly aor.); φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.Alc.203; ἐκ φόνων S.Tr.558; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.    b of life, strength, etc., οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94; φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.OC610, cf. OT665 (lyr.); ὕβρις . . ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.Fr.786; ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.Tr.548; τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.Fr.415.5, cf. Pl.Phd.71b, Ti.81b, etc.; c. dat. modi, πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν... φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.OT25; of things, fade away, disappear, ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.Tr.677; τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.Loc.Hom.24; metaph., φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα S.OT906 (lyr.), cf. Ant.1013:—Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173, cf. 14.87; more freq. in fut. and aor., ἤδη φθ<ε>ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384; τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100; δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο 1.251; νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667; νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο S.OT962; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by... A.Th.971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med.1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.; χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359; ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG12. 976; φθίμενοι the dead, φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21; φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.I. 4(3).10(28), cf. B.5.83; φθιμένοισιν A.Th.732 (lyr.); φθίμενος S.Tr. 1161, cf. Ant.836 (anap.); μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν . . φθιμένων E.Hec.137 (anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός), τὸν φθίμενον A.Th.336 (lyr., codd.); τῶν φ. Id.Ag.1023 (lyr.); τῶν πρότερον φ. Id.Ch.403 (anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess, Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1: rare in Prose, τοῖς φθιμένοις X.Cyr.8.7.18.    II Causal, in fut. φθ (ε) ίσω, aor. 1 ἔφθ (ε) ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy, φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il.6.407; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ (ε) ῖσαι γόνον Od.4.741; ἵνα φθ (ε) ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν 16.369; τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι ib.428; τοκῆας . . φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί 20.67: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα), Μοίρας φθίσας A.Eu.173; τὸν . . ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.OT202; φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι Pythag. ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα . . φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El.1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).