ἐν

English (LSJ)

poet. ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί (Il.8.199, etc.), forms used by Ep. and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as f.l. in Trag.,

   A εἰν S.Ant. 1241; εἰνί E.Heracl.893: Arc. and Cypr. ἰν IG5(2).3.5, al., Inscr.Cypr.135.9 H., al.    0-0PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense, in, into.    A WITH DAT.    I OF PLACE,    1 in, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ Od.1.50; ἐν δώμασ' ἐμοῖσιν Il.6.221; ἐνὶ προθύροισιν 11.777; κοίλῃσ' ἐνὶ νηυσί Od.2.27; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il.2.549, 162; ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχία Th.1.57; ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχη Isoc.5.147 (but in Att. the Prep.is sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it = in the district of... ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι IG22.1028.11, ἐμ Μαραθῶνι ib.1243.21): ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι in my arms, Il.22.426; ἐνὶ θυμῷ Od.16.331, etc.; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ' ἐν σαυτῷ (v.l. -τοῦ) γενοῦ S.Ph.950; also ἐν αὑτοῦ, cf. signf. 2.    b ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν in the fish-market, Antiph.125; ἐν τῷ μύρῳ Ar.Eq.1375; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν in the two-obol seats, D.18.28.    2 elliptic, in such phrases as ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο Od.7.132, cf.Leg.Gort.2.21, etc.; εἰν Ἀΐδαο Il.22.389, Att. ἐν Ἅιδου (v. Ἅιδης): later ἐν τοῖς τινός PRev.Laws 38.1 (iii B. C.), Ev.Luc.2.49; ἐν ἡμετέρου Hdt.1.35, 7.8.δ'; ἐμ Πανδίονος IG22.1138.8; ἐν Δημοτιωνιδῶν ib.2.841b21; ἐν τῶν πόλεων ib. 12.56.14: mostly with pr.n., but sts. with Appellatives, as, ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρός Il.6.47; ἐν ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβεστάτου E.IA926; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ, at the school of... Ar.Nu.973, Pl.Tht.206a; ἐν γειτόνων (v. γείτων) ἐν αὑτοῦ (αὑτῷ cod. Rav.) Ar.V.642, cf. Men.Sam.125; οὐκέτ' ἐν ἐμαυτοῦ ἦν Pl.Chrm.155d; ἐν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γένεσθε Lib.Or. 35.15.    3 in, within, surrounded by, οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι Il.15.192; after Hom., of clothing, armour, etc., ἐν ἐσθῆτι Hdt.2.159; ἐν πεπλώματι S.Tr.613; ἐν ἔντεσι Pi.O.4.24; ἐν ὅπλοισι in or under arms, Hdt.1.13, etc.; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc., equipped with them, dub.in X.Mem.3.9.2; ἐν μαχαίρῃ PTeb. 16.14 (ii B. C.); ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν X. Cyr.2.3.14; ἐν βαθεῖ πώγωνι Luc.Salt.5.    4 on, at or by, ἐν ποταμῷ Il. 18.521, Od.5.466; ἐν ὄρεσσιν 19.205; οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς Il.2.456; ἐν θρόνοις Od.8.422; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string on the bow, Il.15.463; ἐν [ξίφει] ἧλοι 11.29; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off at or by the shaft, 13.608; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων S.Ph.296; ἐν οἴνῳ at wine, prob. in Call.Epigr.23, Luc.Dem.Enc.15.    5 in the number of, amongst, freq.in Hom., ἐν Δαναοῖσι, προμάχοισι, μέσσοισιν, νεκύεσσι, Il.1.109, 3.31, 7.384, Od. 12.383, al.; οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν Il. 1.398; and with Verbs of ruling, ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' 13.689; ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι . . ἀνάσσων Od.19.110; φῦλον ἐν ἀνθρώποισι ματαιότατον Pi.P.3.21; ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοισιν ἀνὴρ χρηστός S.Ant.661; ἐν γυναιξὶν ἄλκιμος E.Or.754:—for ἐν τοῖς c. Sup., V. ὁ.    b in the presence of, ἐν πᾶσι Od.2.194; πτωχὸς ὢν ἐν ἐσθλοῖσιν λέγειν E.Fr. 703; λέγοντες ἐν τῷ δήμῳ Pl.R.565b; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσι Th.2.36; ἔλεγον ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα Lys.12.6; ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις εἰπεῖν Isoc.3.21; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) Lys.32.11; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, Pl.Grg.464d, Lg.916b; προὐκαλούμην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς δικασταῖς Antipho6.23.    6 in one's hands, within one's reach or power, νίκης πείρατ' ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι Il.7.102; δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν Od.10.69 (comp. the Homeric phrases θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Il.17.514; ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου 16.630); freq. in Hdt. and Att., ἔστιν ἔν τινι, c. inf., it depends on him to... rests with him to... ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ . . ἤ . . Hdt.6.109, cf. 3.85, etc.; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δαίμονι καὶ τῇδε φῦναι χἁτέρᾳ S.OC1443; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT314; ἐν σοὶ δ' ἐσμὲν καὶ ζῆν καὶ μή E.Alc.278; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο Th.1.74; ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐμοί D.18.193; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend on this, Pl.Prt.354e; ἐν τούτῳ λύεται ἡ ἀπορία ἢ ἄλλοθι οὐδαμοῦ ib.321e; ἔν γ' ἐμοί so far as rests with me, S.OC153 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ σοὶ λελείψομαι E.Hipp.324; also ἐν ἐμοί in my judgement, S.OC1214 (lyr.); ἐν θεοῖς καλά in the eyes of the gods, Id.Ant.925.    7 in respect of, ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα Il.23.671; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι in point of age... S. OT1112; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς in my case, towards me, Id.Aj.1315; ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστής ib.1092; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις Pl.La.190d; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop with me, Id.Ap.28b.    8 in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion, into; implying both motion to and subsequent position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν fell [to the dust and lay] in it, Il.4.482, etc.; βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι 5.588; νηῒ δ' ἐνὶ πρύμνῃ ἔναρα θῆκ' 10.570; ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι 1.441, etc.; ἐν χερσὶ βαλεῖν 5.574; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν ib.513; ἐν Τρωσὶν ὄρουσαν 16.258; ἐν χερσὶ πεσέειν 6.81; λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορών 5.161; ἐν δ' οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ Od.20.261; ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον Il.23.131: in Trag. and Att., ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων S.Aj.184 (lyr.), cf. 374 (lyr.); ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς Th.7.87; ἡ ἐν τῷ Σπειραίῳ τῶν νεῶν καταφυγή Id.8.11; ἐν τόπῳ καταπεφευγέναι Pl.Sph.260c; ἐν ᾅδου διαπορευθείς Id.Lg.905b; ῥιπτοῦντες σφᾶς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Arr.An.1.19.4; later, with Verbs of coming and going, διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ Paus.7.4.3, cf. LXX To.5.5, Arr.Epict.1.11.32, etc.: τὸν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πλοῦν is f.l. in Lys. 19.43 codd.    9 πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink from a cup, Luc.DDeor. 6.2; ἐν ἀργύρῳ πίνειν Id.Merc.Cond.26; ἐν μικροῖς D.L.1.104.    10 ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver in the form of plate, Plu.2.260a; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι, as a dowry, pledge, PPetr.1p.37, PTeb.120.125 (i B. C.).    11 in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει in the passage of the Il. describing this, Th.1.9, cf. Pl.Tht.147c, Phlb.33b.    II OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION:    1 of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳ Od.10.553; ἐν δαιτί Il.4.259; ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ 9.378; ἐν μοίρῃ Od.22.54; οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίος E.Ph.1281; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to... S.OT1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged in philosophy, Pl.Phd.59a, cf. R.489b; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, Hdt.2.82; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Th.3.28; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, Id.7.73, etc.; τοὺς ἐν ταῖς μοναρχίαις ὄντας Isoc.2.5; ὁ ἐν ταῖς προσόδοις PPetr.1p.62; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ in the practice of it, S.OT562.    2 of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il.7.302,9.230; ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαι Pl.R.578e; οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σά E.Ph.1276; ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμά Id.Ion 1397; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th.2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt.5.106; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖν S.OT656 (lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X.Mem. 2.8.9, etc.; οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις D.Ep.2.14.    3 freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέως, S.El.673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέως, Id.OT765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E.Heracl.971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] Id.IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] Id.Hel.1227; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt.3.154; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίως, Th.2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶς, S.OT287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶς, Id.Aj.971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίως, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.O.2.16, cf. S.Tr.1069, Ar.Eq.258, Pl.R.475c, al.; ἦσαν οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες Th.1.99, cf. Pl. Epin.977b.    III OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες Il.7.429; δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386, cf. Od.12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put in the fire and burn, infetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμέντα A.Pr.425 (lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib.462; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ Id.Th.414; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see with or before one's eyes, i.e. have the object in one's eye, Il.3.306, Od.10.385, etc.; ἔν τε τῇ ὄψει διαγιγνώσκειν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀκοῇ Pl.Tht.206a; also ἐν ὠσὶ νωμῶν ὄρνιθας A.Th.25; also ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, S.Ph.60; ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, ib.102; ἐν λόγοις by words, A.Ch.613 (lyr.); ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ Lys.13.12, cf. Antipho 5.59; ψαύειν ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις S.Ant.961 (lyr.); ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις νόμοις ποιήσαντες τὰς κρίσεις Th.1.77; esp. with Verbs of showing, σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς X.Cyr.8.7.3; τὰ πραχθέντα . . ἐν . . ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know by letters, Th.7.11; ἐν τῇδε ῥάβδῳ πάντα ποιήσεις Ezek.Exag.132, cf. PMag.Osl.1.108.    2 of a personal instrument, ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Ev.Matt.9.34.    IV OF TIME, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il.16.643; ἐν νυκτί Hdt.6.69, X. Smp.1.9; ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ S.Ph.235, OC88; ἐν τούτῳ (sc. τῷ χρόνῶ) in this space of time, Hdt.1.126, etc.; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ) during the time that, S.Tr.929, etc. (also ἐν οἷς Arist.Mu.391a2); ἐν ὅσῳ Th.3.28; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, X.An.3.1.1; ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ Th.7.73 (but in some phrases the ἐν is omitted, as μυστηρίοις in the course of the mysteries, Ar.Pl.1013; τραγῳδοῖς at the performance of... Aeschin.3.36).    b ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ during the archonship of M., IG7.1773 (Thebes, ii A. D.); ἐν ἄρχοντι Σύλλᾳ ib.3.113.    2 in, within, ἐν ἡμέρῃ Hdt.1.126; ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα Th.1.118; ἐν τρισὶ μησί X.HG1.1.37, etc.; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις in, i.e. after, countless days, E.Ph.305 (lyr.); ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαι Procop.Arc.9.35.    V OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις within two stadia, D.S.20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th.6.1.    2 with gen. of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντων LXX 3 Ki.16.24.    3 amounting to, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις BGU970.14 (ii A. D.), etc.    B WITH Acc., into, on, for, Arc. ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάντα IG5 (2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 (Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet., ἐν πάντα νόμον Pi.P.2.86.    C WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ . .,    1 and therein, Il.9.361; ἐν μέν . . ἐν δέ Od.13.244.    2 and among them, Il.2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή . . 3.39, 5.95; or ἐν δὲ καί . . 2.43,172,176.    3 and besides, moreover (not in Att. Prose), S.Aj. 675, OT181 (lyr.), al.; ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ Od.5.260.    4 ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il.20.248, etc.    D POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il.22.61, B.5.41, etc.: without an Adj., τῷ δ' ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας Od.12.103: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il.7.221, Od.5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen., χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος O.13.44, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Prep. and its dat., as in Od.11.115; also in Prose, Hdt.6.69.    E IN COMPOS.,    I with Verbs, the Prep. mostly retains its sense of being in or at a place, etc., c. dat., or folld. by εἰς . ., or ἐν ..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compd., to remark a thing in one.    b also, at a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί.    2 with Adjs., it expresses    a a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμος, rather . . .    b the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος with blood in it, ἐνάκανθος thorny: ἔμφωνος with a voice: ἔννομος in accordance with law, etc.    II ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ Χ; ἐλ- before λ; ἐρ- before ρ; rarely ἐσ- before ς; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.