εἶδος

English (LSJ)

εος, τό, (εἴδω A)

   A that which is seen: form, shape, freq. in Hom., of the human form or figure, esp. abs. in acc. with Adjs., εἶδος ἄριστος, ἀγητός, κακός, Il.3.39,5.787, 10.316; ἀλίγκιος ἀθανάτοισιν Od.8.174; opp. φρένες, 17.454; opp. βίη, Il.21.316; δευτέρα πεδ' Ἀγιδὼν τὸ εἶ. Alcm.23.58; τὸ εἶδος τῆς γυναικὸς ὑπερεπαινέων Hdt.1.8, etc.; appearance, of a dog, Od.17.308; ὄφιες ποικίλοι τὰ εἴδεα Hdt.3.107; εἴδεα [τῶν θεῶν] σημήναντες Id.2.53; γυνὴ τό γ' εἶδος Ar.Th.267: hence, periphr. for person, S.El.1177; τὸ ἐπ' εἴδει καλόν Pl.Smp.210b.    b esp. of beauty of person, comeliness, εἴδεος ἐπαμμένος Hdt.1.199; πλούτῳ καὶ εἴδει προφέρων Id.6.127.    c Medic., physique, habit of body, constitution, Hp.Nat.Hom.9, Hum.1: more freq. in pl., Id.Aër.3, al.; εἴδεα εὔχροά τε καὶ ἀνθηρά ib.5.    2 generally, shape, σχῆμα καὶ εἶδος Id.Off.3, cf. Mochl.6, etc.; pattern, of 'figurate' numbers, Arist. Ph.203a15; ἡ μονὰς εἶδος εἰδῶν τυγχάνει Theol.Ar.4, cf. 17; decorative pattern or figure, Plu. Them.29 (pl.); of a musical scale, τοῦ διὰ τεσσάρων τρία εἰδη Aristox.Harm.p.74 M. (identified with σχῆμα, ibid.): in pl., shapes, i.e. various kinds of atoms (cf. ἰδέα), Democr. ap. Thphr. Sens.51.    b Geom., δύο εἴδη τῷ εἴδει δεδομένα two figures given in species, Euc.Dat.53, etc.; esp. in central conics, rectangle formed by a transverse diameter and the corresponding parameter, Apollon.Perg. Con.1.14,21, al.; also, species of numbers, of the terms in an algebraical expression involving different powers of the unknown quantity, Dioph.Def.11.    II form, kind, or nature, τῶν ἀλλέων παιγνιέων τὰ εἴδεα Hdt.1.94; τὸ εἶ. τῆς νόσου Th.2.50, etc.; ἐν ἁρμονίας εἴδει εἶναι, γενέσθαι, to be or become like... Pl.Phd.91d, cf. Cra.394d; ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου εἴδει by way of medicine, Id.R.389b; νόμων ἔχει εἶδος is in the province of law, Arist.Pol.1286a3; situation, state of things, σκέψασθε ἐν οἵῳ εἴδει . . τοῦτο ἔπραξαν Th.3.62; plan of action, policy, ἐπὶ εἶδος τρέπεσθαι Id.6.77, 8.56; ἐπ' ἄλλ' εἶδος τρέπεσθαι take up another line, Ar.Pl.317; specific notion, meaning, idea, ἂν παρέχῃ τὸ ἓν εἶ. δύο ὀνόματα... περὶ ἑνὸς εἴδεος δύο ὀνόματα οὐ τὰ αὐτά Aen.Tact.24.1; department, Hp.VM12 (but also, elementary nature or quality, ib. 15); type, sort, πυρετῶν Id.Epid.3.12; αὐγῆς Id.Off.3, etc.: Rhet., style of writing, τὰ εἴδη τῶν λόγων Isoc.13.17, cf. Arist.Rh.Al. 1441b9 (pl.); later, definite literary form, Men.Rh.init., Procl.Chrest. p.243 W., EM295.52; also, example of a style, ὅλοις εἴδεσι Isoc.15.74; later, single poem, applied to Pindar's odes by Sch.; also, written statement, ἀναγνωσθέντος εἴδους PAmh.2.65.11 (ii A.D.), cf. PTeb.287.12 (ii A.D.).    III class, kind, πᾶν τὸ τῶν πίστεων εἶδος Isoc.15.280, cf. D.24.192: freq. in Pl., περὶ παντὸς τοῦ εἴδους . . ἐν ᾧ . . Tht. 178a; ἑνὶ εἴδει περιλαβεῖν ib.148d; εἰς ταὐτὸν ἐμπέπτωκεν εἶδος ib. 205d, etc.; logical species, Sph.235d; ἓν εἶδος ἀποχωρίζειν Plt.262e; τὰς διαφορὰς ὁπόσαιπερ ἐν εἴδεσι κεῖνται, ib.285b, al., cf. Arist.Metaph. 1057b7, al., Cat.2b7; as a subdivision of γένος, Id.Rh.1393a27; ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους πεύκη, εἴδει διαφέρουσα, Dsc.1.69.    2 = ἰδέα 11.2, Pl.Phd.103e, R.596a, Prm.132a, al., Arist.Metaph.990b9, al., etc.    3 form, opp. matter (ὕλη), Id.Ph.187a18, al., Metaph.1029a29: hence, formal cause, essence, ib.1032b1, etc.    IV in later Gr., wares of different kinds, goods, POxy.109.1 (iii/iv A.D.), PFay.34.7 (ii A.D.): hence, payments in kind, opp. χρυσίον, Just.Nov.17.8, cf. Cod.Just.1.4.18, al.; spices, Lyd.Mag.3.61; groceries, Anon.post Max.p.120 L.; εἶ. ἰατρικόν drug, Hsch. s.v. νίτρον, cf. Hippiatr.129.54 and v. ἑξάειδος, τετράειδος, τρίειδος; of a chemical reagent, Zos.Alch.p.205 B.

German (Pape)

[Seite 724] τό (s. εἴδω), das in die Augen Fallende; – 1) Ansehen, Gestalt; Δύσπαρι, εἶδος ἄριστε Il. 3, 39; Νέστορι δίῳ εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τ' ἄγχιστα ὲῴκει, glich ihm an Gestalt, Größe u. Wuchs, 2, 57; εἶδος ἀγητός, κακός, ἀλίγκιος, 21, 316, der βίη entgegenstehend, mehr schöne Gestalt, wie Od. 17, 454 οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ' ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν; Her. παῖδας εἴδεος ἐπαμμένους 8, 105; vgl. 1, 199; οὔτ' εἶδος, οὔ. τε θυμόν, οὕθ' ὅπλων σχέσιν μωμητός Aesch. Spt. 489; ἦ σὸν τὸ κλεινὸν εἶδος Ἠλέκτρας τόδε; Soph. El. 1168, wie sonst δέμας umschreibend. So auch in Prosa; τὸ τοῦ σώματος εἶδος Plat. Tim. 53 c; τόγε εἶδος ὁμοῖος εἶ τούτοις Conv. 715 b; ἀλλάττειν τὸ αὑτοῦ εἶδος εἰς πολλὰς μορφάς Rep. II, 380 d; τοὺς τὰ εἴδη βελτίστους Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 57. Von Thieren, vom Hunde, εἰ δὴ καὶ ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ τῷδε Od. 17, 308; ὄφιες ποικίλοι τὰ εἴδεα, bunt von Ansehen, Her. 3, 107; vgl. Xen. Cyn. 3, 3. 4, 2. – 2) Bei Arist. u. sp. Philosophen die Form, der Materie, ὕλη, entgegengesetzt, phys. ausc. 2, 1. 4, 1; Plut. öfter. Bei Plat. die Idee, das Urbild der Dinge im Geiste, dah. τὸ ἐπ' εἴδει καλόν Conv. 210 b. – 3) Beschaffenheit, Art, τῶν παιγνιέων τὰ εἴδεα Her. 1, 94; εἶδος νόσου Thuc. 2, 50; τοῖς εἴδεσι διηλλαγμένα 3, 82; Art des Verfahrens, 6, 77. 8, 56; εἰς εἶδος τιάρας, nach Art einer Tiara, Hdn. 5, 5, 4. Dah. die Art, Gatt ung, εἶδος γάρ πού τι ἓν ἕκαστον εἰώθαμεν τίθεσθαι περὶ ἕκαστα τὰ πολλά, οἷς ταὐτὸν ὄνομα ἐπιφέρομεν Rep. X, 576 a; Species, im Ggstz des γένος oft bet Plat.; αὐτὰ τὰ γένη τε καὶ εἴδη Parm. 129 c; ὅτι καὶ ἀνθρώπων εἴδη τοσαῦτα ἀνάγκη τρόπων εἶναι ὅσαπερ καὶ πολιτειῶν Rep. VIII, 544 d; δύο τῆς κατηγορίας εἴδη λέλειπται Aesch. 1, 116.