κοινός

English (LSJ)

ή, όν, also ός, όν S.Tr.207 (lyr.):—

   A common (opp.ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op.723; ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec.610; of a common altar, Simon.140; τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29 (Halic., iv/iii B.C.); κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30; τρεῖς . . κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr.795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib.613; τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R.457d: prov., κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr.389, cf. Men.Mon.356; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or.735 (troch.), Pl.Phdr.279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph.1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr.207 (lyr.); κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8; τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8; κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8; κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791: c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another, ὑμῖν φῶς . . καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag.523; ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th.812; θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19; οἰκία . . κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol.1289b14, cf. 1265b29; κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32; τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611: c. gen., πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr.1092 (anap.), cf. Pers.132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both... Pl.Mx.241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v; κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19; οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141 (Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with... CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.; κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7 ii 11 (v A.D.).    II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90; κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37, Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib.170; ἀδικήματα D.21.45; ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib.724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free, κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36.    2 τὸ κ. the state, τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67: abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.; τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20; τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36.    b esp. of leagues or federations, τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109; τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21; τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG1113 (Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations, τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2 (iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).    c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.; τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156; ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.    d the public treasury, χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144; ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6, cf. 17; χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.    e common right or rights of citizens, τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist.Pol.1283b41.    3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl.569, D.8.23 (in full, τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34, Arist.Pol.1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12; ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν Euphro 8.4, cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).    III common, ordinary, τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax.366b; διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh.1355a27; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit.309; so κ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6, Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28; κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2; κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2; πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53 M.    2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.    b colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp.201 (Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243 P., al.    c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.    3 common, of inferior quality, χρυσός POxy.905.5 (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).    4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, 'and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53; ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435; cf. κοινολογία.    IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters, κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92, cf.S.OT261, OC535 (lyr.); κ. αἷμα Id.Ant.202, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); also κ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50.    2 one who shares in a thing, partner, ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240; κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj.267, cf. Ar.V.917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 (Cyrene).    3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial, μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53; neutral, ib.68; κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys.15.1; μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.); κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14 (iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ . . κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol.1327a6.    b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9; κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80; τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2 J.; ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202 S.    c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).    d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.    V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c; τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo.76b14; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib.88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general, κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22; ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10; abstract, ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr.341.    VI Gramm.,    1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.    b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.    2 v.supr.111.2.    3 of gender, κ. γένος D.T.634.19; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.    4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.    VII of forbidden meats, common, profane, φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14, cf. Ep.Rom.14.14; κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2.    VIII κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.    B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E.Ion1462; τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817: Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol.1272a16.    2 publicly, κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th.2.42, etc.    3 sociably, like other citizens, οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151; ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al.1430a1; κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.    4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1; κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256 S.; -οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.    5 in the common dialect, A.D.Pron.82.27, al.: Comp. -ότερον Id.Synt.159.5.    6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.    II fem. dat. κοινῇ; Dor. κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); Boeot. κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT606, OC1339, E.Hipp.731, Th.1.3, etc.; κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol.1278b23, cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp.209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.; ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291: also neut.pl.κοινά S.Ant.546.    2 publicly, καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X.HG1.2.10, Mem.2.1.12, etc.    3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E.Ion 1228, Hel.829, Fr.823.    III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public, ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr.844; πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu.408, cf.Ar.Av.457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg.796e; εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht.165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg.681c.    2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.    3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph.987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An.407b29.    4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for κατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3.