κήρ: Difference between revisions

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Menander, Monostichoi, 341
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{{elru
{{elru
|elrutext='''κήρ:''' [[κηρός]] ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> злая смерть, гибель (Τρώεσσιν φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες, sc. [[Ἀχαιοί]] Hom.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> мучительный недуг, тяжелая болезнь (νοσῶν παλαιᾷ κηρί, sc. [[Φιλοκτήτης]] Soph.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> перен. язва, зло (τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν [[καλῶν]] κῆρες ἐπιπεφύκασιν Plat.; κῆρες ἐπαγώγιμοι, sc. [[ἀργύριον]] καὶ [[χρυσίον]] Plut.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> бедствие, несчастье, горе ([[βαρεῖα]] κ. Aesch.).
|elrutext='''κήρ:''' [[κηρός]] ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> злая смерть, гибель (Τρώεσσιν φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες, sc. [[Ἀχαιοί]] Hom.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> мучительный недуг, тяжелая болезнь (νοσῶν παλαιᾷ κηρί, sc. [[Φιλοκτήτης]] Soph.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> перен. язва, зло (τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν [[καλῶν]] κῆρες ἐπιπεφύκασιν Plat.; κῆρες ἐπαγώγιμοι, sc. [[ἀργύριον]] καὶ [[χρυσίον]] Plut.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> бедствие, несчастье, горе ([[βαρεῖα]] κ. Aesch.).
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{{etym
|etymtx=κηρός<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[death]], [[doom]], often personified <b class="b2">goddess or demon of death</b> (Il.), in plur. <b class="b2">types of death, accidents</b>; see Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 222ff., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 271ff.<br />Compounds: Compp. z. B. <b class="b3">κηρεσσι-φόρητος</b> <b class="b2">by the Keres driven (into death)</b> (Q 527; Schwyzer 446, Pfister Würzb. Jb. 3, 406f.), <b class="b3">κηρι-τρεφεῖς</b> <b class="b2">brought up for death</b> (<b class="b3">ἄνθρωποι</b>, Hes. Op. 418), <b class="b3">κηρο-τρόφος</b> <b class="b2">feeding death, deadly</b> (<b class="b3">ὄφις</b>, Nic. Th. 192); <b class="b3">ἐπί-κηρος</b> <b class="b2">fallen to death</b> (Hp., Arist., hell.); also <b class="b3">ἀ-κήρ-ατος</b> with <b class="b3">ἀκηράσιος</b> and <b class="b3">ἀ-κήρ-ιος</b> [[unharmed]], s. 1. <b class="b3">ἀκήρατος</b> and Sommer Nominalkomp. 152 .<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κηρέσιον ὀλέθριον</b>, <b class="b3">νοσηρόν</b> H. (after <b class="b3">θεσπέσιος</b>); <b class="b3">κηραίνω</b> [[damage]], [[destroy]] (A. Supp. 999, Ph.; after <b class="b3">πημαίνω</b>), <b class="b3">κηρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be injured</b> (EM).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: A root noun, which has been derived from <b class="b3">κεραΐζω</b>; Sanskrit and Celtic have a root aorist (s. on [[κεραΐζω]]); so <b class="b3">κήρ</b> would prop. be an agent noun "the destroyer". The disyll. root however, is a problem: we would expect <b class="b3">*κηρας</b> (cf. <b class="b3">γῆρας</b> < <b class="b2">*ǵerh₂-s</b>). Problematic is further the long vowel <b class="b3">α</b> in Alc. (<b class="b3">κᾶρι</b> B 6 A 7) and Alcm. (<b class="b3">κᾶρα</b> Fr. 56; trad. <b class="b3">κάραν</b>), PGr. <b class="b3">*κάρ</b> (cf. <b class="b3">κάρ θάνατος</b> H.). Also <b class="b3">καριῶσαι ἀποκτεῖναι</b> and <b class="b3">ἐκαρίωσας ἀπέκτεινας</b> H. have <b class="b3">α</b> which will have been long (there is no evidence for short <b class="b3">α</b>. Then we have the old Attic saying <b class="b3">θύραζε Κᾶρες</b>, <b class="b3">οὑκ ἔτ</b>' <b class="b3">Ἀνθεστήρια</b>. That <b class="b3">Κᾶρες</b> meant [[Carians]], i.e. [[slaves]] is clearly an aetological story invented to explain the <b class="b3">α</b>. See also Brunel PPh. 41 (1967) 81-104.) Opposed to <b class="b3">κᾶρι</b>, <b class="b3">κᾶρα</b> in Alc. and Alcm. stand <b class="b3">κῆρες</b> and <b class="b3">κήρ</b> both in Pi. Fr. 277 and in the choral songs of the tragedy. The suggestion of an ablauting paradigm <b class="b3">κήρ</b>, <b class="b3">*καρός</b> (not retained in <b class="b3">ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ</b>, s. <b class="b3">καρός</b>) with a secondary nom. <b class="b3">*κάρ</b> (Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 9f.) cannot be maintained. The conclusion is that the long <b class="b3">α</b> is original; the <b class="b3">η</b> is simply the IA development of the long <b class="b3">α</b> (which was spread over a larger area). The word, then, is Pre-Greek, as may be expected for such an archaic idea: there is no IE root <b class="b2">*kar-</b>. Beekes, xxx, 200x, ppp - ppp. Lee Glotta 39 (1961) 191-207 and Ramat Arch. glottol. it. 50 (1965) 137ff. derive the word from <b class="b3">κείρω</b>, which is hardly probable.
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Revision as of 02:15, 3 January 2019

German (Pape)

[Seite 1432] κηρός, ἡ, 1) die Todesgöttinn, die Göttinn des Sterbens, bes. beim gewaltsamen Tode, die den Griechen schrecklich erscheint, während der Todesgott, Θάνατος, unter einem freundlichen Bilde dargestellt wird; Todesgeschick, Hom., sowohl sing. als plur.; sie erscheint mit der Ἔρις u. dem Κυδοιμός auf dem Schlachtfelde in blutgetränktem Gewande, die Verwundeten u. Sterbenden herumzerrend, Il. 18, 535. Nach Il. 23, 79 ist dem, der gewaltsames Todes sterben soll, schon bei der Geburt eine eigene Κήρ zugetheilt, die ihn zur bestimmten Zeit ereilt; nur Achilles hat zwei Keren, Todesloose, zwischen denen ihm zu wählen gestattet war, 9, 411. Μυρίαι, 12, 326, denn es giebt unzählig viel Keren der einzelnen Menschen oder viel verschiedene Todesarten. Κῆρες Ἀχαιῶν, Τρώων, 8, 73. Die einzelne Κήρ heißt μέλαινα, ὀλοή, κακή; auch Κῆρες θανάτοιο. – Uebh. Unglück u. Verderben; so das Verderben, das die Angel unter die Fische bringt, Il. 24, 82. – Bei Hes. Th. 217. 220 erscheinen die Keren als Rache- od. Strasgöttinnen, wie Aesch. Spt. 1047 vrbdt ὦ μεγάλαυχοι καὶ φθερσιγενεῖς Κῆρες Ἐρινύες (759 aber ist es die Sphinx); ἀναπλάκητοι Soph. O. R. 472; Ταρτάρου Eur. Herc. Fur. 870, vgl. El. 1252. – Später übh. Unglücksgöttinn. – 2) als Appellativum, das Todesgeschick, der Tod; τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι Il. 1, 228, das dünkt dir der Tod zu sein; u. so ist es auch wohl in den Vrbdgn φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέρειν, θάνατον καὶ κῆρα φυγεῖν zu nehmen, wo es bei Wolf noch immer groß geschrieben ist; μέλαιναν κῆρ' ἐπ ' ὄμμασιν βαλών Eur. Phoen. 957. – Verderben; βαρεῖα μὲν κὴρ τὸ μὴ πυθέσθαι Aesch. Ag. 199; vgl. Soph. Tr. 133; auch von der Krankheit des Philoktet, νοσῶν ἀνὴρ κῶλον παλαιᾷ κηρί Phil. 42, vgl. 1151; Schmach, Tr. 454. Auch in Prosa, τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν καλῶν οἷον κῆρες ἐπιπεφύκασιν Plat. Legg. XI, 937 d; Tim. Locr. 95 b ἀκήρατος τῶν ἐκτὸς κηρῶν καὶ τῶν ἐντός; Sp., wie Plut. Anton. 2; καὶ ἆται D. Hal. 8, 61; so auch A., ganz allgemein, auch in sittlicher Beziehung, Fehler, Unvollkommenheit; διὰ τὸ πολλὰς καὶ ποικίλας αὐτῇ συνεισάγεσθαι κῆρας 8. Emp. adv. eth. 180.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

κήρ: κηρός
1) злая смерть, гибель (Τρώεσσιν φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες, sc. Ἀχαιοί Hom.);
2) мучительный недуг, тяжелая болезнь (νοσῶν παλαιᾷ κηρί, sc. Φιλοκτήτης Soph.);
3) перен. язва, зло (τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν καλῶν κῆρες ἐπιπεφύκασιν Plat.; κῆρες ἐπαγώγιμοι, sc. ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον Plut.);
4) бедствие, несчастье, горе (βαρεῖα κ. Aesch.).

Frisk Etymological English

κηρός
Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: death, doom, often personified goddess or demon of death (Il.), in plur. types of death, accidents; see Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 222ff., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 271ff.
Compounds: Compp. z. B. κηρεσσι-φόρητος by the Keres driven (into death) (Q 527; Schwyzer 446, Pfister Würzb. Jb. 3, 406f.), κηρι-τρεφεῖς brought up for death (ἄνθρωποι, Hes. Op. 418), κηρο-τρόφος feeding death, deadly (ὄφις, Nic. Th. 192); ἐπί-κηρος fallen to death (Hp., Arist., hell.); also ἀ-κήρ-ατος with ἀκηράσιος and ἀ-κήρ-ιος unharmed, s. 1. ἀκήρατος and Sommer Nominalkomp. 152 .
Derivatives: κηρέσιον ὀλέθριον, νοσηρόν H. (after θεσπέσιος); κηραίνω damage, destroy (A. Supp. 999, Ph.; after πημαίνω), κηρόομαι be injured (EM).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: A root noun, which has been derived from κεραΐζω; Sanskrit and Celtic have a root aorist (s. on κεραΐζω); so κήρ would prop. be an agent noun "the destroyer". The disyll. root however, is a problem: we would expect *κηρας (cf. γῆρας < *ǵerh₂-s). Problematic is further the long vowel α in Alc. (κᾶρι B 6 A 7) and Alcm. (κᾶρα Fr. 56; trad. κάραν), PGr. *κάρ (cf. κάρ θάνατος H.). Also καριῶσαι ἀποκτεῖναι and ἐκαρίωσας ἀπέκτεινας H. have α which will have been long (there is no evidence for short α. Then we have the old Attic saying θύραζε Κᾶρες, οὑκ ἔτ' Ἀνθεστήρια. That Κᾶρες meant Carians, i.e. slaves is clearly an aetological story invented to explain the α. See also Brunel PPh. 41 (1967) 81-104.) Opposed to κᾶρι, κᾶρα in Alc. and Alcm. stand κῆρες and κήρ both in Pi. Fr. 277 and in the choral songs of the tragedy. The suggestion of an ablauting paradigm κήρ, *καρός (not retained in ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ, s. καρός) with a secondary nom. *κάρ (Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 9f.) cannot be maintained. The conclusion is that the long α is original; the η is simply the IA development of the long α (which was spread over a larger area). The word, then, is Pre-Greek, as may be expected for such an archaic idea: there is no IE root *kar-. Beekes, xxx, 200x, ppp - ppp. Lee Glotta 39 (1961) 191-207 and Ramat Arch. glottol. it. 50 (1965) 137ff. derive the word from κείρω, which is hardly probable.