ἀρχή: Difference between revisions
Θεοῦ γὰρ οὐδεὶς χωρὶς (ἐκτὸς οὐδεὶς) εὐτυχεῖ βροτῶν → Nullus beatus absque numine est dei → Glückselig Gott allein und sonst kein Sterblicher
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|Definition=ἡ, (v. <b class="b3">ἄρχω</b>) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">beginning, origin</b>, νείκεος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.22.116</span>; πήματος <span class="bibl">Od.8.81</span>; φόνου <span class="bibl">21.4</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τέλος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.51</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τελευτή</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.607</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715e</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>1.1</span>; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">And.2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.120</span>, etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.11</span>; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι <span class="bibl">Plb.4.28.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι</b> lay <b class="b2">a foundation</b>, <span class="bibl">D.3.2</span>, etc.; βαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>326e</span> (and Pass., ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.8</span>); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>36e</span>; <b class="b2">source</b> of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν <span class="bibl">Plot.3.3.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Preps. in adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρχῆς</b> from <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, from <b class="b2">the first</b>, from <b class="b2">of old</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.188</span>, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.10</span>, etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>385</span>; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα <span class="bibl">D.54.3</span>; τὸ ἐξ ἀ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.6</span>; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν <b class="b2">anew, afresh</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>221</span>; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος</b> the <b class="b2">original</b> argument, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>177c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐξ ἀ</b>. the <b class="b2">principal sum</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1280a30</span>:—also ἀπ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>425</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>344</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>206d</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχάς</b> in <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, at <b class="b2">first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.8.94</span>; τὸ κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>798a</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> acc. <b class="b3">ἀρχήν</b>, abs., <b class="b2">to begin with, at first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">8.132</span>; τὴν ἀρχήν <span class="bibl">And.3.20</span>: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Plb.16.22.8</span>: freq. followed by a neg., not <b class="b2">at all</b>, ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.193</span>, al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>92</span>; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ . . ἐβουλόμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1239</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>439</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho5.73</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>478c</span>; sts. c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.25</span>; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν <span class="bibl">D.23.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">first principle, element</b>, first so used by Anaximander, acc. to <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Ph.</span>150.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>983b11</span>, etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>405a25</span>; of <b class="b3">ὕλη</b> and <b class="b3">θεός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b>, <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.3.25; <b class="b2">practical principle</b> of conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις <span class="bibl">D. 2.10</span>; <b class="b2">principles</b> of knowledge, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>995b8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">end, corner</b>, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 762</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.18.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.11</span>; of a compound pulley, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>84.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> Math., <b class="b2">origin</b> of a curve, τῆς ἕλικος <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span> 11</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2, etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 103</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">branch</b> of a river, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>2.10</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">sum, total</b>, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">vital organs</b> of the body, Gal.1.318, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">first place</b> or <b class="b2">power, sovereignty</b> (not in Hom.), Διὸς ἀρχά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1284b2</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς</b>, of a stroke of fortune, <span class="bibl">D.21.196</span>: pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>864</span> (lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>744</span>, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>737</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης</b>, <b class="b2">power over</b> them, <span class="bibl">Th.3.90</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.7</span>, etc.: prov., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει</b> Biasap.<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1130a1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>48</span>; <b class="b2">method of government</b>, οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">empire, realm</b>, <b class="b3">Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.128</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">magistracy, office</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">4.147</span>; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας <span class="bibl">Id.3.89</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.8.70</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι</b> <span class="bibl">D.59.72</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. λαχεῖν</b> to obtain <b class="b2">an office</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.57.25</span>; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.96</span>; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή</b>, Lex ap.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.21</span>; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε <span class="bibl">Th.4.53</span>; <b class="b2">term of office</b>, ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες <span class="bibl">Antipho6.42</span>; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί <b class="b2">the authorities, the magistrates</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, cf. Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.83</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρχή</b> collectively, 'the board', <span class="bibl">D.47.22</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Antipho5.48</span>; but <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ</b>., of a single <b class="b2">magistrate</b>, <span class="bibl">PHal.1.226</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς</b> against <b class="b2">authority</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>485</span>; πομποὺς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>124</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">command</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">body of troops</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>13.17</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> pl., <b class="b2">heavenly powers</b>, Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Dam. <span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span>; <b class="b2">powers of evil</b>, Ep.Eph.6.12, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = [[εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου]], Hsch.</span> | |Definition=ἡ, (v. <b class="b3">ἄρχω</b>) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">beginning, origin</b>, νείκεος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.22.116</span>; πήματος <span class="bibl">Od.8.81</span>; φόνου <span class="bibl">21.4</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τέλος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.51</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τελευτή</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.607</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715e</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>1.1</span>; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">And.2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.120</span>, etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.11</span>; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι <span class="bibl">Plb.4.28.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι</b> lay <b class="b2">a foundation</b>, <span class="bibl">D.3.2</span>, etc.; βαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>326e</span> (and Pass., ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.8</span>); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>36e</span>; <b class="b2">source</b> of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν <span class="bibl">Plot.3.3.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Preps. in adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρχῆς</b> from <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, from <b class="b2">the first</b>, from <b class="b2">of old</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.188</span>, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.10</span>, etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>385</span>; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα <span class="bibl">D.54.3</span>; τὸ ἐξ ἀ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.6</span>; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν <b class="b2">anew, afresh</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>221</span>; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος</b> the <b class="b2">original</b> argument, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>177c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐξ ἀ</b>. the <b class="b2">principal sum</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1280a30</span>:—also ἀπ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>425</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>344</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>206d</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχάς</b> in <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, at <b class="b2">first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.8.94</span>; τὸ κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>798a</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> acc. <b class="b3">ἀρχήν</b>, abs., <b class="b2">to begin with, at first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">8.132</span>; τὴν ἀρχήν <span class="bibl">And.3.20</span>: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Plb.16.22.8</span>: freq. followed by a neg., not <b class="b2">at all</b>, ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.193</span>, al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>92</span>; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ . . ἐβουλόμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1239</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>439</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho5.73</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>478c</span>; sts. c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.25</span>; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν <span class="bibl">D.23.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">first principle, element</b>, first so used by Anaximander, acc. to <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Ph.</span>150.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>983b11</span>, etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>405a25</span>; of <b class="b3">ὕλη</b> and <b class="b3">θεός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b>, <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.3.25; <b class="b2">practical principle</b> of conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις <span class="bibl">D. 2.10</span>; <b class="b2">principles</b> of knowledge, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>995b8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">end, corner</b>, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 762</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.18.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.11</span>; of a compound pulley, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>84.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> Math., <b class="b2">origin</b> of a curve, τῆς ἕλικος <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span> 11</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2, etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 103</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">branch</b> of a river, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>2.10</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">sum, total</b>, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">vital organs</b> of the body, Gal.1.318, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">first place</b> or <b class="b2">power, sovereignty</b> (not in Hom.), Διὸς ἀρχά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1284b2</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς</b>, of a stroke of fortune, <span class="bibl">D.21.196</span>: pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>864</span> (lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>744</span>, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>737</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης</b>, <b class="b2">power over</b> them, <span class="bibl">Th.3.90</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.7</span>, etc.: prov., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει</b> Biasap.<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1130a1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>48</span>; <b class="b2">method of government</b>, οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">empire, realm</b>, <b class="b3">Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.128</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">magistracy, office</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">4.147</span>; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας <span class="bibl">Id.3.89</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.8.70</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι</b> <span class="bibl">D.59.72</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. λαχεῖν</b> to obtain <b class="b2">an office</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.57.25</span>; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.96</span>; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή</b>, Lex ap.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.21</span>; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε <span class="bibl">Th.4.53</span>; <b class="b2">term of office</b>, ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες <span class="bibl">Antipho6.42</span>; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί <b class="b2">the authorities, the magistrates</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, cf. Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.83</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρχή</b> collectively, 'the board', <span class="bibl">D.47.22</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Antipho5.48</span>; but <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ</b>., of a single <b class="b2">magistrate</b>, <span class="bibl">PHal.1.226</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς</b> against <b class="b2">authority</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>485</span>; πομποὺς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>124</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">command</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">body of troops</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>13.17</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> pl., <b class="b2">heavenly powers</b>, Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Dam. <span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span>; <b class="b2">powers of evil</b>, Ep.Eph.6.12, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = [[εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου]], Hsch.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0365.png Seite 365]] ἡ, 1) der <b class="b2">Anfang</b>, Beginn, von Hom. anüberall; Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἀρχῆς, v. l. ἄτης, Iliad. 3, 100, s. Scholl. Aristonic.; Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἄτης, v. l. ἀρχῆς, 24, 28, s. Scholl. Did.; κακοῦ 11, 604; πήματος Od. 8, 81; νείκεος Iliad. 22, 116; φόνου Od. 21, 4. 24, 169; ξεινοσύνης 21, 35; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, von Alters her, Od. 1, 188. 2, 254. 17, 69. 11, 438; οὑ' ξ ἀρχῆς [[φίλος]] Soph. O. R. 385; Pind. Ol. 7, 20; Aesch. Eum. 274; [[πάλιν]] ἐξ ἀρχῆς λέγε Plat. Phaed. 105 b; ἐὰν ἐξ ἀρχῆς φύσιν ἄθυμον λάβῃ Rep. III, 411 b, von vorn herein, d. i. an sich; ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὸ [[γενέσθαι]] χαλεπὸν παντὶ ζῴῳ Epin. 373 d; εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀ. Legg. II, 653 b; ὁ ἐξ ἀ. [[λόγος]] Theaet. 177 c u. öfter, wie Sp.; wird auch [[ἐξαρχῆς]] geschrieben. Ebenso steht auch [[ἀρχήν]], u. bes. mit der Negation, durchaus nicht, überhaupt nicht, vgl. Wolf Dem. Lept. p. 278; Her. 3, 39 u. öfter; τὰ γὰρ ἄλλα δένδρεα οὐδὲ πειρᾶται ἀρχὴν φέρειν, überhaupt nicht einmal, 1, 193; vgl. 7, 26; τοῦτο οὐκ [[ἐνδέκομαι]] τὴν [[ἀρχήν]], überhaupt nicht, 4, 25; τὸ ἄῤῥεν ἦν τοῦ ἡλίου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔκγονον, ursvrünglich, Plat. Conv. 190 e; γίγνεσθαι ἡμᾶς τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκ ἐῶσι Theaet. 206 d; Apol. 29 c, u. sonst; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 1; Pol. braucht so auch den plur., τὰς ἀρχάς, 2, 25, 8, u. öfter. Aehnl. ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Her. 2, 104; Pind. P. 8, 26; κατ' ἀρχάς, Plat. Prot. 322 a; τὸ κατ' ἀρχὰς λεχθέν Soph. 261 a u. öfter. – 2) <b class="b2">An </b><b class="b2">fangspunkt</b>, πεισμάτων Eur. Hipp. 712; στρόφου Her. 4, 60; ἀρχὴν βάλλεσθαί τινος, den Grund zu etwas legen, Plat Ep. VII, 326 c; vgl. Pind. N. 1, 8. Bes. in philosophischer Beziehung, sowohl die Elemente, als die Principien. – 3) <b class="b2">Regierung</b>, [[Διός]] Pind. Ol. 2, 60; öfter Tragg. u. in Prosa, wo auch die Beherrschten im gen. stehen, πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων, ναυτῶν, Plat. Crit. 104 a Rep. I, 341 d; bes. die ersten Würden im Staate, magistratus, auch Feldherrenwürde, Oberbefehl; ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, ein obrigkeitliches Amt verwalten, Conv. 183 a u. öfter; ἐν ἀρχῇ εἶναι, εἰς ἀρχὴν καθίστασθαι, εἰσιέναι, ἀρχὴν [[λαχεῖν]]. Plat. setzt ἰδιωτεῖαι καὶ ἀρχαί gegenüber, Rep. X, 618 d, u. vrbdt αἱ μέγισται ἀρχαὶ καὶ τιμαί Tim. 20 a; auch die Behörden selbst, Aesch. Ag. 123; u. öfter im Att. = [[ἄρχων]], z. B. τὴν ἀρχὴν εἰσάγειν, Is. 1, 14, wo nachher ὁ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐλθών steht; ἄγειν ἐπὶ τὴν [[ἀρχήν]] Pol. 12, 16, 3 u. sonst. – Auch das Beherrschte, das Reich, βασιλέως Xen. An. 1, 9, 13 u. öfter; entsprechend [[δύναμις]] καὶ [[χώρα]] 2, 5, 11. | |||
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Revision as of 19:32, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ἡ, (v. ἄρχω)
A beginning, origin, νείκεος ἀ. Il.22.116; πήματος Od.8.81; φόνου 21.4, etc.; opp. τέλος, Hdt.7.51, etc.; opp. τελευτή, Thgn.607, cf. Pl.Lg.715e, Hp.Morb.1.1; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν Hdt.5.97; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Th.1.128, And.2.37, Isoc.12.120, etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός Aeschin.1.11; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι Plb.4.28.3; ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι lay a foundation, D.3.2, etc.; βαλέσθαι Pl.Ep.326e (and Pass., ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται Pi.N.1.8); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος Pl.Ti.36e; source of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν Plot.3.3.4. b with Preps. in adverbial usages, ἐξ ἀρχῆς from the beginning, from the first, from of old, Od.1.188, Xenoph.10, etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος S.OT385; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα D.54.3; τὸ ἐξ ἀ. X.Cyn.12.6; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν anew, afresh, Ar.Pl.221; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν Pl.R.450a; ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος the original argument, Id.Tht.177c, etc.; τὰ ἐξ ἀ. the principal sum, Arist.Pol.1280a30:—also ἀπ' ἀ. Hes.Th.425, Hdt.2.104, Pi.P.8.25, A.Supp.344, Pl.Tht.206d; κατ' ἀρχάς in the beginning, at first, Hdt.3.153, 7.5; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. Id.8.94; τὸ κατ' ἀ. Pl. Lg.798a, al. c acc. ἀρχήν, abs., to begin with, at first, Hdt. 1.9, 2.28, 8.132; τὴν ἀρχήν And.3.20: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς Plb.16.22.8: freq. followed by a neg., not at all, ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών Hdt.3.39, cf. 1.193, al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα S.Ant.92; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ . . ἐβουλόμην Id.Ph.1239, cf. El.439, Philol.3, Antipho5.73, Pl. Grg.478c; sts. c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. Hdt.4.25; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν D.23.93. 2 first principle, element, first so used by Anaximander, acc. to Simp. in Ph.150.23, cf. Arist. Metaph.983b11, etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν Id.de An.405a25; of ὕλη and θεός, opp. στοιχεῖα, Placit.1.3.25; practical principle of conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις D. 2.10; principles of knowledge, Arist.Metaph.995b8, al. 3 end, corner, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., Hdt.4.60, Hp.Off.9, E.Hipp. 762, Aen.Tact.18.14, Act.Ap.10.11; of a compound pulley, Hero Bel.84.14. 4 Math., origin of a curve, τῆς ἕλικος Archim.Spir. 11 Def.2, etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας Heraclit. 103. 5 branch of a river, LXX Ge.2.10 (pl.). 6 sum, total, ib.Nu.1.2. 7 vital organs of the body, Gal.1.318, al. II first place or power, sovereignty (not in Hom.), Διὸς ἀρχά Pi.O.2.64, cf. Hdt.1.6, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς Arist.Pol.1284b2: metaph., μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς, of a stroke of fortune, D.21.196: pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι A.Ch.864 (lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων S.Ant.744, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός S.OT737; ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης, power over them, Th.3.90, X.Ath.2.7, etc.: prov., ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει Biasap.Arist.EN1130a1, cf. D.Prooem.48; method of government, οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής Th.6.54. 2 empire, realm, Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ., Hdt.1.91, Th.4.128, etc. 3 magistracy, office, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν, Hdt.3.80, 4.147; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας Id.3.89; εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι Th.8.70; εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι D.59.72, etc.; ἀ. λαχεῖν to obtain an office, Id.57.25; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. Th.1.96; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. Id.6.54; ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή, Lex ap.Aeschin.1.21; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε Th.4.53; term of office, ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες Antipho6.42; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι POxy.119.16 (iii A.D.). 4 in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί the authorities, the magistrates, Th.5.47, cf. Decr. ap. And.1.83; ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι Th.6.54; ἡ ἀρχή collectively, 'the board', D.47.22, cf. IG1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. Antipho5.48; but ἡ ἀ., of a single magistrate, PHal.1.226 (iii B.C.); κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς against authority, A.Supp.485; πομποὺς ἀρχάς Id.Ag.124 (anap.). 5 command, i.e. body of troops, LXX 1 Ki.13.17, al. 6 pl., heavenly powers, Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. Dam. Pr.96; powers of evil, Ep.Eph.6.12, al. III = εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου, Hsch.
German (Pape)
[Seite 365] ἡ, 1) der Anfang, Beginn, von Hom. anüberall; Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἀρχῆς, v. l. ἄτης, Iliad. 3, 100, s. Scholl. Aristonic.; Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἄτης, v. l. ἀρχῆς, 24, 28, s. Scholl. Did.; κακοῦ 11, 604; πήματος Od. 8, 81; νείκεος Iliad. 22, 116; φόνου Od. 21, 4. 24, 169; ξεινοσύνης 21, 35; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, von Alters her, Od. 1, 188. 2, 254. 17, 69. 11, 438; οὑ' ξ ἀρχῆς φίλος Soph. O. R. 385; Pind. Ol. 7, 20; Aesch. Eum. 274; πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λέγε Plat. Phaed. 105 b; ἐὰν ἐξ ἀρχῆς φύσιν ἄθυμον λάβῃ Rep. III, 411 b, von vorn herein, d. i. an sich; ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὸ γενέσθαι χαλεπὸν παντὶ ζῴῳ Epin. 373 d; εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀ. Legg. II, 653 b; ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος Theaet. 177 c u. öfter, wie Sp.; wird auch ἐξαρχῆς geschrieben. Ebenso steht auch ἀρχήν, u. bes. mit der Negation, durchaus nicht, überhaupt nicht, vgl. Wolf Dem. Lept. p. 278; Her. 3, 39 u. öfter; τὰ γὰρ ἄλλα δένδρεα οὐδὲ πειρᾶται ἀρχὴν φέρειν, überhaupt nicht einmal, 1, 193; vgl. 7, 26; τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀρχήν, überhaupt nicht, 4, 25; τὸ ἄῤῥεν ἦν τοῦ ἡλίου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔκγονον, ursvrünglich, Plat. Conv. 190 e; γίγνεσθαι ἡμᾶς τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκ ἐῶσι Theaet. 206 d; Apol. 29 c, u. sonst; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 1; Pol. braucht so auch den plur., τὰς ἀρχάς, 2, 25, 8, u. öfter. Aehnl. ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Her. 2, 104; Pind. P. 8, 26; κατ' ἀρχάς, Plat. Prot. 322 a; τὸ κατ' ἀρχὰς λεχθέν Soph. 261 a u. öfter. – 2) An fangspunkt, πεισμάτων Eur. Hipp. 712; στρόφου Her. 4, 60; ἀρχὴν βάλλεσθαί τινος, den Grund zu etwas legen, Plat Ep. VII, 326 c; vgl. Pind. N. 1, 8. Bes. in philosophischer Beziehung, sowohl die Elemente, als die Principien. – 3) Regierung, Διός Pind. Ol. 2, 60; öfter Tragg. u. in Prosa, wo auch die Beherrschten im gen. stehen, πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων, ναυτῶν, Plat. Crit. 104 a Rep. I, 341 d; bes. die ersten Würden im Staate, magistratus, auch Feldherrenwürde, Oberbefehl; ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, ein obrigkeitliches Amt verwalten, Conv. 183 a u. öfter; ἐν ἀρχῇ εἶναι, εἰς ἀρχὴν καθίστασθαι, εἰσιέναι, ἀρχὴν λαχεῖν. Plat. setzt ἰδιωτεῖαι καὶ ἀρχαί gegenüber, Rep. X, 618 d, u. vrbdt αἱ μέγισται ἀρχαὶ καὶ τιμαί Tim. 20 a; auch die Behörden selbst, Aesch. Ag. 123; u. öfter im Att. = ἄρχων, z. B. τὴν ἀρχὴν εἰσάγειν, Is. 1, 14, wo nachher ὁ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐλθών steht; ἄγειν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Pol. 12, 16, 3 u. sonst. – Auch das Beherrschte, das Reich, βασιλέως Xen. An. 1, 9, 13 u. öfter; entsprechend δύναμις καὶ χώρα 2, 5, 11.
