νεφροί: Difference between revisions
Τὸ νικᾶν αὐτὸν αὑτὸν πασῶν νικῶν πρώτη τε καὶ ἀρίστη. Τὸ δὲ ἡττᾶσθαι αὐτὸν ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντων αἴσχιστόν τε ἅμα καὶ κάκιστον. → Τo conquer yourself is the first and best victory of all, while to be conquered by yourself is of all the most shameful as well as evil
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. pl.,<br />Meaning: [[kidneys]] (IA.),<br />Other forms: also du. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m. pl.,<br />Meaning: [[kidneys]] (IA.),<br />Other forms: also du. [[νεφρώ]] (Ar. Ra. 475), rarely sg. [[νεφρός]].<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">περί-νεφρος</b> <b class="b2">fat around the kidneys</b> (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: [[νεφρία]] n. pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. II--IIIp); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ίτης σφόνδυλος</b> <b class="b2">first vertebra of the sacrum</b> (Poll.; Redard 101), <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> ([[νόσος]]) f. <b class="b2">disease of the kinneys</b> (Hp., Th.) with <b class="b3">-ιτικός</b> <b class="b2">suffering of νεφρῖτις, healing the ν.</b> (medic.); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">kidney-like</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the kidneys</b> (Dsc.; Chantraine Form. 49); hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπινεφρ-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">on the kidneys</b> ([[δημός]], Φ 204).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok. (cf. 319)] <b class="b2">*negʷʰro-</b> [[kidney]].<br />Etymology: With [[νεφροί]] belong in the first place the glosses given by Festus [[nefrōnēs]] (Praeneste), [[nebrundinēs]] (Lanuvium) [[kidneys]]. With the reconstructed IE <b class="b2">-bh</b> the Germ. word for [[kidney]], OHG [[nioro]], MEngl. [[nēre]] (also <b class="b2">kid-nēre</b> > [[kidney]]), OSwed. [[niūre]] etc., which requires an older <b class="b2">*neu̯ran-</b>, cannot be combined. Only if Germ. <b class="b2">-u̯-</b> can stand for a labiovelar (PGm. <b class="b2">-ʒu̯-</b>), it becomes possible, to connect the graecoital. forms under IE <b class="b2">*negʷhro-</b>. -- Both [[ἀδήν]], [[inguen]] and Lat. [[rēnēs]] and OIr. [[āru]] [[kidney]] remain separated. -- Details in WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. [[nefrōnēs]]. | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
Latest revision as of 18:35, 8 July 2020
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m. pl.,
Meaning: kidneys (IA.),
Other forms: also du. νεφρώ (Ar. Ra. 475), rarely sg. νεφρός.
Compounds: As 2. member in περί-νεφρος fat around the kidneys (Arist.).
Derivatives: νεφρία n. pl. id. (pap. II--IIIp); νεφρ-ίτης σφόνδυλος first vertebra of the sacrum (Poll.; Redard 101), -ῖτις (νόσος) f. disease of the kinneys (Hp., Th.) with -ιτικός suffering of νεφρῖτις, healing the ν. (medic.); νεφρ-ώδης kidney-like (Arist.), -ιαῖος belonging to the kidneys (Dsc.; Chantraine Form. 49); hypostasis ἐπινεφρ-ίδιος on the kidneys (δημός, Φ 204).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok. (cf. 319)] *negʷʰro- kidney.
Etymology: With νεφροί belong in the first place the glosses given by Festus nefrōnēs (Praeneste), nebrundinēs (Lanuvium) kidneys. With the reconstructed IE -bh the Germ. word for kidney, OHG nioro, MEngl. nēre (also kid-nēre > kidney), OSwed. niūre etc., which requires an older *neu̯ran-, cannot be combined. Only if Germ. -u̯- can stand for a labiovelar (PGm. -ʒu̯-), it becomes possible, to connect the graecoital. forms under IE *negʷhro-. -- Both ἀδήν, inguen and Lat. rēnēs and OIr. āru kidney remain separated. -- Details in WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. nefrōnēs.
Frisk Etymology German
νεφροί: {nephroí}
Forms: auch du. νεφρώ (Ar. Ra. 475), selten sg. νεφρός
Grammar: m. pl.,
Meaning: ‘die Niere(n)’ (ion. att.).
Composita : Als Hinterglied in περίνεφρος fett um die Nieren (Arist.).
Derivative: Davon νεφρία n. pl. ib. (Pap. II—IIIp); νεφρίτης σφόνδυλος erster Wirbel des Kranzbeins (Poll.; Redard 101), -ῖτις (νόσος) f. Nierenkrankheit (Hp., Th. u.a.) mit -ιτικός ‘an der νεφρῖτις leidend, die ν. heilend’ (Mediz.); νεφρώδης nierenähnlich (Arist.), -ιαῖος zu den Nieren gehörig (Dsk.; Chantraine Form. 49); Hypostase ἐπινεφρίδιος an den Nieren befindlich (δημός, Φ 204).
Etymology : Zu νεφροί gehören in erster Linie die bei Festus überlieferten ital. Glossen nefrōnēs (Praeneste), nebrundinēs (Lanuvium) Nieren. Mit dem daraus zunächst zu erschließenden idg. -bh- läßt sich indessen das germ. Wort für Niere, ahd. nioro, mengl. nēre (auch kid-nēre > kidney), aschw. niūre usw., das ein älteres *neu̯ran- erfordert, nicht vereinigen. Nur wenn germ. -u̯- für einen labiovelaren Guttural steht (urg. -ʒu̯-), ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, auch die graecoital. Formen unter idg. *negʷhro- einzubeziehen. — Sowohl ἀδήν, inguen wie lat. rēnēs und air. āru Niere bleiben fern. — Einzelheiten m. reicher Lit. bei WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. nefrōnēs.
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