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|Definition=[ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. also παραί: shortd. πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>553</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>636</span>), and in all dial ects exc. Att., <span class="title">GDI</span>5434.8 (Paros), <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">beside</b>: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion <b class="b2">from the side of, from beside, from</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.744</span>; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' <span class="bibl">12.225</span>, etc.; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων . . ἐπερχομένη <span class="bibl">Od.22.197</span>; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται <span class="bibl">Il.8.533</span>, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν <span class="bibl">19.194</span>; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ <span class="bibl">1.190</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.173</span>; σπασσάμενος . . ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ <span class="bibl">16.473</span>; <b class="b3">πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη</b> was exposed <b class="b2">beside</b> the shield, <span class="bibl">4.468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>624</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> commonly of Persons, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε . . πὰρ Διός <span class="bibl">Il.2.787</span>; παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα <span class="bibl">Od.12.70</span>, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.140</span>. ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.13</span>; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου <span class="bibl">D.21.117</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων</b> his messenger, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.53</span>; so οἱ π. τινός <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.21</span>, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.5</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο</b> <b class="b2">from</b> his workshop, <span class="bibl">Il.18.137</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">617</span>, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.20</span>; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">issuing from</b> a person, <b class="b3">γίγνεσθαι π. τινός</b> to be born <b class="b2">from</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>179b</span>; <b class="b3">λόγος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐστί</b>) <b class="b3"> π. Ἀθηναίων</b> c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.55</span>: freq. following a Noun, <b class="b3">δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων</b> glory <b class="b2">from (given by</b>) men, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>232a</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια</b> the favour <b class="b2">from</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">of</b>, any one, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.2.12</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα</b> <b class="b2">done by</b> me, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινός</b> <b class="b2">all that issues from</b> any one, as commands, commissions, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.4</span>, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> my opinions, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>219a</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς</b> giving <b class="b2">from</b> oneself, i. e. <b class="b2">from</b> one's own <b class="b2">means</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.129</span>, <span class="bibl">8.5</span>; παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.1.3</span>; <b class="b3">νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">by</b> my <b class="b2">advice</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322d</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν</b> <b class="b2">of</b> themselves, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 150d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>235c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός <span class="bibl">Od.6.290</span>, <span class="bibl">15.158</span>; πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο <span class="bibl">14.452</span>; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.76</span>; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.14</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.40.10; <b class="b3">δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>9.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>914</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>870</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.4</span>; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mx.</span>236e</span>: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.104</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Pass. Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς . . μῆνις ἐτύχθη <span class="bibl">Il.15.122</span>; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα</b> <b class="b2">the presents of</b>... <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.26</span>; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> rarely for <b class="b3">παρά</b> c. dat., <b class="b2">by, near</b>, πὰρ ποδός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.62</span>, <span class="bibl">3.60</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων</b> dub. l. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>966</span> (lyr.); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως <span class="title">IG</span>12.81.5; <b class="b3">πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον</b>, = [[ἀμφοτέρωθεν]], <span class="bibl">D.S.19.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος</b> <b class="b2">without</b> his consent, <span class="title">BCH</span>46.337 (Teos). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> WITH DAT. denoting rest <b class="b2">by the side of</b> any person or thing, answering the question <b class="b2">where</b>? </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Places, <b class="b3">κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ' . . πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.154</span>, <span class="bibl">9.319</span>; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ <span class="bibl">13.408</span>; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν <span class="bibl">Il.8.565</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο</b> <b class="b2">at</b> their feet, <span class="bibl">14.411</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. θύρῃσι</b> <b class="b2">at</b> the door, <span class="bibl">7.346</span>; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">2.773</span>; δεῖπνον . . εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο <span class="bibl">Od.6.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.4.475</span>, <span class="bibl">20.53</span>, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>972</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' οἴνῳ</b> <b class="b2">over</b> wine, ib. <span class="bibl">780</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">beside</b>, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον <span class="bibl">Od.15.285</span>; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ <span class="bibl">Il.9.556</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.246</span>, etc.; παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.5.119</span>; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί <span class="bibl">8.243</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει</b> stood <b class="b2">by</b> him, <span class="bibl">Il.4.367</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">at</b> one's <b class="b2">house</b> or <b class="b2">place, with</b> one, μένειν π. τισί <span class="bibl">9.427</span>; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ <span class="bibl">Od.11.490</span>; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί <span class="bibl">Il.13.627</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι</b> <b class="b2">at</b> their own <b class="b2">house</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">86</span>; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.15</span>; καταλύειν π. τινί <span class="bibl">D.18.82</span> (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.136</span>), etc.: hence <b class="b3">οἱ παρ' ἐμοί</b> those <b class="b2">of my household</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.4</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοί</b> life <b class="b2">with me</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.7.4</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι</b> our people, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>64b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.15.19</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος</b> one's <b class="b2">own</b> life, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>612</span>; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>29f</span>; ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>382</span>; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>29f</span>; also, <b class="b2">in</b> one's <b class="b2">hands</b>, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα <span class="title">IG</span>12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.130</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν</b> I had no <b class="b2">right</b> to speak then, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">before, in the presence of</b>, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν <span class="bibl">Od. 1.154</span>; <b class="b2">before</b> a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ <span class="title">IG</span>12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.160</span>; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ <span class="bibl">Id.4.65</span>; παρὰ δικασταῖς <span class="bibl">Th. 1.73</span>; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>: hence <b class="b3">παρ' ἐμοί</b> <b class="b2">in</b> my <b class="b2">judgement</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>3.19</span>; <b class="b3">π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται</b> <b class="b2">with</b> him, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in quoting authors, <b class="b3">παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ</b>, <b class="b2">in</b> Ephorus, etc., <span class="bibl">Plb. 9.2.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>9</span>,<span class="bibl">18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Arc., = [[π]]. c. gen., <b class="b2">from</b>, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι <span class="title">SIG</span>559.9 (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUS. in three main senses, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">along</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">past, beyond</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of coming, going, etc., <b class="b2">to the side of, to</b>, ἴτην π. νῆας <span class="bibl">Il.1.347</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.220</span>, etc.; βῆ . . π. θῖνα <span class="bibl">1.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">327</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν</b> <b class="b2">to the side of</b>... <span class="bibl">21.603</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.187</span>: more freq. of persons, <b class="b3">εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον</b> <b class="b2">to the chamber of</b> H., <span class="bibl">18.143</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.285</span>, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59d</span>; <b class="b3">πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.141</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of rest, <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα <span class="bibl">Il.3.406</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.577</span>), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον <span class="bibl">Od.4.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.372</span>; <b class="b3">κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας</b> lies <b class="b2">stretched beside</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.4.487</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.381</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο</b> come and stand <b class="b2">by</b> me, <span class="bibl">11.314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">592</span>, <span class="bibl">20.49</span>, etc.; π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν <span class="bibl">Od.13.122</span>; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.28; <b class="b3">κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια</b> they lay down <b class="b2">by</b>... <span class="bibl">Od.12.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.460</span>; ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>271b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>89b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>19.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span> 10.46</span>; παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span> 21.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175c</span>; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ly.</span>211a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>; στὰς παρ' αὐτόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>116c</span>; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα . . παρ' ὄχθας <span class="bibl">Il.12.313</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.34</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.90</span>; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.87</span>; τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Id.8.140</span>.ά (v.l. [[ἐμοί]]) ; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1.9.31</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>451</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.8.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.248</span>, Demetr.Com. Nov.<span class="bibl">1.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.654.23 (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.3.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">11.14.3</span>, <span class="bibl">28.14.3</span>; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία <span class="bibl">Th.2.99</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>184</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>636</span> (lyr.); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον <span class="title">IG</span>12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.23.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.62</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.6.20</span>, <span class="bibl">8.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 1.182</span>, <span class="bibl">3.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.112</span>; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα <span class="title">IG</span>42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); <b class="b3">παρ' ὄμμα</b> <b class="b2">before</b> one's eyes, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>484</span>; <b class="b3">π. πόδας</b> <b class="b2">on</b> the spot, Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.78 W., <span class="title">Rh.</span>2.2 S.; <b class="b2">immediately thereafter</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">1.8.2</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Dor., Boeot., and Thess., = supr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.2</span>, <b class="b2">at the house of... with</b> a person, <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171.7 (Orchom. Boeot.), <span class="title">GDI</span> 1717 (Delph.); <b class="b3">παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος</b>] <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>759</span> (Megar.); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.18 (Larissa, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος</b> ib.13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 425.5 (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in Att., <b class="b3">θέμενος π. γυναῖκας</b> depositing <b class="b2">with</b>... <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>465c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν <span class="bibl">Il.4.480</span>, etc.; τὸν δ' ἕτερον . . κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε <span class="bibl">5.146</span>; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα <span class="bibl">21.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.525</span>, <span class="bibl">8.325</span>, etc.; αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα <span class="bibl">5.293</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.310</span>; <b class="b3">δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">290</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., <b class="b2">side by side with</b>... ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>369c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>214c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>348a</span>; ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα <span class="bibl">D.18.265</span>; ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα . . τῶν χρωμάτων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>375a24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π</b>. apply an area <b class="b2">to</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">along</b>) a finite straight line, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aequil.</span>2.1</span>; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Men.</span>87a</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως</b> the line <b class="b2">to</b> which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.11: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> Arith., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν τι π. τι</b> divide <b class="b2">by</b> . . (v. παραβάλλω A. VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι <span class="bibl">Dioph.4.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ γ π. ί</b> multiply by <span class="bibl">3</span> and divide <b class="b2">by</b> <span class="bibl">10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1718.2</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> Geom., <b class="b2">parallel to</b>... <span class="bibl">Democr.155</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Top.</span>158b31</span>, Archim.<span class="title">Sph. Cyl.</span>1.12, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> metaph. in Gramm., <b class="b2">like, as a parody of</b>... <b class="b3">π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1240</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>584</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Gramm., of words which differ <b class="b2">as compared with</b> other words, <b class="b3">π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν . . [τὸ ἥρως</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>398d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">399a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>654a</span>: hence, <b class="b2">derived from</b>... <b class="b3">π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον</b>, <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Pron.</span>31.16</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">A.R.2.624</span>; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι . . καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.24</span> B. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> generally, of Comparison, <b class="b2">alongside of, compared with</b>, usu. implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.160</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.20</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.6</span>; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.1.41</span>; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.14</span>; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>584a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>236d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>183c</span>, al.; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας <span class="title">BCH</span>26.332 (Halae); προετέρει π. πάντας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.422.34</span> (iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, <b class="b3">ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους</b> a little <b class="b2">lower than</b> the angels, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span> 8.6</span>; <b class="b3">μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον</b> lag one day <b class="b2">behind</b> the sun, <span class="bibl">Gem.8.19</span>; so perh. <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν</b> (has passed the ball?) <b class="b2">short of</b> him, beyond him, <span class="bibl">Antiph.234</span>; <b class="b3">μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι</b> one day <b class="b2">compared with</b> another is important... a day's delay makes a difference, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.72</span>; <b class="b3">τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν</b>; what joy has one day <b class="b2">compared with</b> another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>475</span>; <b class="b3">ὃς μὲν κρίνει</b> (prefers) <b class="b3">ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει</b> (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>14.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> with Verbs of estimating, to set <b class="b2">at</b> so and so much, hence <b class="b3">π</b>. = <b class="b2">equivalent to</b>... <b class="b3">ταρβῶ μὴ . . θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς</b> set <b class="b2">at</b> nought, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>732</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>229</span> (lyr.); παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>35</span>; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαί τι</b> hold <b class="b2">of</b> small <b class="b2">account</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.79</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.51</span>; παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.6.11</span>; so with <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>, etc., <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι</b> are <b class="b2">as</b> nothing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>983</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>466</span>; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>569</span>; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>1.18.6</span>; so perh. <b class="b3">π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε</b> have turned out <b class="b2">of</b> little <b class="b2">account</b>, have <b class="b2">amounted to</b> little, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.120</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Accountancy, without a verb, <b class="b3">π. τὴν καταλλαγήν</b> <b class="b2">on account of</b> <b class="b3">κ</b>., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.100.4</span> (iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> of correspondence, <b class="b3">ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα</b> stater <b class="b2">for</b> stater (one to each of two creditors), <span class="title">BCH</span>50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>643</span>; <b class="b3">συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν</b> stayed day <b class="b2">for</b> day with each, <span class="bibl">D.59.46</span>; hence of alternation, <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο</b>, of four priests acting two and two alternately, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1198.12</span> (i B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμέραν</b>) <b class="b3"> [πυρετοῦ</b>] quotidian or <b class="b2">tertian</b> fever, ib.<span class="bibl">956.3</span> (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέρην</b>, opp. <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέρην</b>, <b class="b2">tertian</b>, opp. quotidian, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>1.12</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς</b> every day, <b class="b2">every second</b> day, every third (fourth) day, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.18.13</span>; <b class="b3">π. μίαν</b> every second day, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.110.4</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐνιαυτόν</b> every second year, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cleom.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔτος</b> year and year about, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>757a7</span>; every second year, <span class="bibl">Paus.8.15.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. μέρος</b> by turns (v. <b class="b3">μέρος</b> II. <span class="bibl">2</span>); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>28</span>; <b class="b3">π. μῆνα τρίτον</b> every third month, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>582b4</span>, cf. Plu.2.942e; but <b class="b3">π. τρία [ἔτεα</b>] prob. every fourth year, <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span> l.c.; <b class="b3">ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον</b> every second one, <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>1.18</span>; <b class="b3">ἕνα π. δύο</b> (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει</b> now one now another, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 611</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">10</span> <b class="b2">precisely at the moment of</b>, <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα</b> <b class="b2">flagrante delicto</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>, <span class="bibl">21.26</span>; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον <span class="title">IG</span>12.188.31; <b class="b3">π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας</b>, <span class="bibl">D.20.41</span>,46; <b class="b3">π. τὰ δεινά</b> <b class="b2">in the midst of</b> danger, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>63</span>; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>1.10b</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν πρώτην</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐπίθεσιν</b>) <b class="b2">at</b> the first attack, <span class="bibl">Hld.9.2</span>; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>14.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> distributively, whether of Time, <b class="b3">π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα</b> <b class="b2">in each</b> complete period of seventy years, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια . . τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ Ϝέτος</b> <b class="b2">each</b> year, <b class="b2">every</b> year, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span> 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).5.14 (Amorgos); <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα</b> day and night, B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>7; or more generally, <b class="b3">πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν</b> <b class="b2">in respect of each</b> olive plant, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.122; <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται</b> <b class="b2">from</b> day <b class="b2">to</b> day, <b class="b2">per</b> day, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>571a21</span>; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 881b26</span>; ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις <span class="bibl">D.8.70</span>; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>705a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμαρ</b> <b class="b2">on</b> (this) day, <b class="b2">to-day</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ</b> . . <b class="b2">to</b>-day and to-morrow, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.63</span>; but <b class="b3">παρ' ἦμαρ</b> <b class="b2">to</b>-morrow, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1455</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">throughout</b> a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.46</span>; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>733a</span>; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον <span class="bibl">D.18.10</span>; also more loosely, <b class="b2">during</b>, <b class="b3">π. τὴν πόσιν</b> <b class="b2">while</b> they were drinking, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.δ; π. τὸν πότον <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.156</span>; π. τὴν κύλικα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">π. δεῖπνον</b> or <b class="b3">π. τὸ δεῖπνον</b>, Id.2.737a,674f. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">along</b>, ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών <span class="bibl">Il.11.558</span>; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος <span class="bibl">12.352</span>; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν <span class="bibl">Od. 11.21</span>; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.193</span>; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.148</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον . . τύμβον κατόψει</b> straight <b class="b2">along</b> the road, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>835</span>; παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα <span class="bibl">Plb.10.30.3</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">9</span>; for <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π</b>., v. supr. c. <span class="bibl">1.4b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">strictly according to, without deviating from</b>, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Thgn. 945</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>474.5</span>; <b class="b3">ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην</b>, i.e. too strict, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1045</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν . . ἐπιδείξω</b> I will prove to you <b class="b2">strictly according to</b> the accounts which they themselves submit, <span class="bibl">D.27.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">past, beyond</b>, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα . . ἐσσεύοντο <span class="bibl">Il.22.145</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.172</span>, <span class="bibl">24.12</span>; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>425</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι</b> pass <b class="b2">by</b> Babylon, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.29</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες</b> looking <b class="b2">over the edge of</b>... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>390</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">over and above, in addition to</b>, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 698</span>; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>74a</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>337d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.139</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 1.5.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> the others, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ages.</span>5.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>4.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>20.16</span>; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>539e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> metaph., <b class="b2">in excess over</b>, <b class="b3">πὰρ δύναμιν</b> <b class="b2">beyond</b> one's strength, <span class="bibl">Il.13.787</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1423b29</span>; π. τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Po.</span>1451b38</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> metaph., <b class="b2">in transgression</b> or <b class="b2">violation of</b>, π. μοῖραν <span class="bibl">Od.14.509</span>; π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 14.10; <b class="b3">παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>2.16</span>, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον <span class="bibl">Th.5.90</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.67</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.14</span>; π. φύσιν <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>747b</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν στήλην</b> prob. in <span class="title">IG</span>12.45.20; <b class="b3">π. καιρόν</b> <b class="b2">out of</b> season, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.24</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. γνώμαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>454</span>; <b class="b3">π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.93</span>, <span class="bibl">1.84</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.2.38.5</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλπίδα</b> or <b class="b3">ἐλπίδας</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>899</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>392</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πὰρ μέλος</b> <b class="b2">out of</b> tune, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.69</span>; π. τὴν ἀξίαν <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">1.98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου</b>, = [[παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου]], <b class="b2">passed over</b> so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, <span class="bibl">Id.3.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.2</span>; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by <b class="b3">παρά</b>, which thus came to mean '<b class="b2">by</b> such and such a margin', '<b class="b2">with</b> so much <b class="b2">to spare</b>', <b class="b3">ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">2.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες</b> <b class="b2">only just</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>870</span> (lyr.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>; <b class="b3">δεινότατον π. πολύ</b> <b class="b2">by</b> far, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 445</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ὅσον</b> <b class="b2">quatenus</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nec.</span>17</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε</b> <b class="b2">by</b> two votes, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.23.205</span>; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Is.3.37</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν</b> <b class="b2">by</b> so much (= little) he missed falling in with... <span class="bibl">Th.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">29</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν</b> they made no little <b class="b2">difference</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.59</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in phrases like [[π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον]] was sts. understood of the interval <b class="b2">from</b> danger, etc., and <b class="b3">παρά</b> came to mean '<b class="b2">by</b> so much <b class="b2">short of</b>' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>197a29</span>), <b class="b2">within</b> such and such <b class="b2">a distance of</b>, so <b class="b2">near to</b>, <b class="b3">τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο</b> (sc. <b class="b3">αὐτῷ</b>) <b class="b3"> λαβεῖν</b> he was <b class="b2">within</b> one night of taking E., <span class="bibl">Th.4.106</span>; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν</b> I came <b class="b2">within</b> a little <b class="b2">of</b>... <span class="bibl">Isoc. 19.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.43.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Caes.</span> 39</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε . . ἀφελέσθαι</b> was <b class="b2">within</b> an ace <b class="b2">of</b> taking away, <span class="bibl">Th.8.76</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι</b> (were <b class="b2">within</b> a mere nothing, <b class="b2">within</b> an ace <b class="b2">of</b> killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.258</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span> 14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alex.</span>62</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν</b> so <b class="b2">near</b> he came to escaping, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>4</span>; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.33</span>; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.45.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.55.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.17.42</span>: hence without <b class="b3">ἐγένετο</b> or <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα</b> (less) <b class="b2">by</b> one, i.e. <b class="b2">less</b> one, <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>1.8</span>; <b class="b3">τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν</b>, = <span class="bibl">39</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.24</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι</b> the same number <b class="b2">less</b> one, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Publ.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων</b> you have brought me one <b class="b2">too few</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>4</span>; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν <span class="bibl">Heph.4.2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια</b> seven carats <b class="b2">short</b>, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); <b class="b3">πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους</b>, all <b class="b2">save</b> one (a few), <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>5</span>; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).801 (Laconia); of one <b class="b3">Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα</b> you are a bear (ἄρκος) <b class="b2">all but</b> a letter, <span class="title">AP</span>11.231 (Ammian.); <b class="b3">ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι</b> so that he <b class="b2">all but</b> (lit. <b class="b2">less</b> something) lost his sight, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.228.6</span>; <b class="b3">π. τι βυθίζεσθαι</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τοῦτο</b> the figure <b class="b2">less</b> that, i.e. the remainder or <b class="b2">difference</b>, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>264.4</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.148.5</span> (v A. D.); hence of any <b class="b2">difference</b> whether of excess or defect, <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς . . Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς . . Σαυνίτας</b> making no <b class="b2">difference</b> between... <span class="bibl">Str.6.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.5.11</span>, Plu.2.24c. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> hence of the margin <b class="b2">by</b> which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause <b class="b2">according to</b> which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται <span class="bibl">Polyclit.2</span> (cf. [[μικρός]] III. <span class="bibl">5</span> c); <b class="b3">διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις</b> <b class="b2">according to</b>... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>486b5</span>; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα <span class="bibl">Gem. 5.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.5</span>, al.; <b class="b3">π. τὰ πράγματα</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">Apollod.Car.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> more generally of the margin <b class="b2">by</b> which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>65b6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48a24</span>, al.), <b class="b3">κεινὰν π. δίαιταν</b> <b class="b2">just for the sake of</b> unsatisfying food, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν</b> each thinks that his own negligence will not <b class="b2">suffice to cause</b> injury, <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.48</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν</b> <b class="b2">all through</b> his own fault, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.52</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">18.232</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὰ . . ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται</b> not <b class="b2">from</b> one or two causes <b class="b2">only</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.2</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι</b> <b class="b2">it does</b> not <b class="b2">follow that</b> it is not... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>12.15</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει</b> <b class="b2">by the simple fact of</b> prompt payment, <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων <span class="bibl">Lycurg.63</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.3.103.2</span>, <span class="bibl">18.28.6</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς</b> <b class="b2">thanks to</b> himself <b class="b2">alone</b>, Aristeas <span class="bibl">224</span>; παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.24.2</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.16 S.; παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις <span class="bibl">Hierocl. <span class="title">in CA</span>25p.477M.</span>; <b class="b3">εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">on</b> this <b class="b2">depends</b>... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.5</span>, D.C.<span class="title">Fr.</span>36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>51.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι</b> <b class="b2">just because</b> I am a Greek, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>7.13</span> (ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>29.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ex.</span>14.11</span>; later more loosely, <b class="b2">because of</b>... Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.158 S., <span class="bibl">Gem.6.24</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε</b> it is no fault of yours, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>243.6</span> (ii A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1420.7</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς <span class="bibl">D.18.239</span>; <b class="b3">πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν</b> to persuade (the judges) <b class="b2">so far as in</b> you <b class="b2">lies</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ</b> <b class="b2">as far as</b> I <b class="b2">am concerned, for all</b> I <b class="b2">care</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: <b class="b3">παρά</b> may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe <b class="b3">πάρα</b>: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ' <span class="bibl">Il.18.400</span>; but <b class="b3">Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ'</b> ib.<span class="bibl">191</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">παρά</b> abs., as ADV., <b class="b2">near, together</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.611</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">F</span> <b class="b3">πάρα</b> (with anastrophe) stands for <b class="b3">πάρεστι</b> and <b class="b3">πάρεισι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.174</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>454</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.42</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>285</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>862</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">G</span> IN COMPOS., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">alongside of, beside</b>, of rest, <b class="b3">παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι</b>; of motion, <b class="b3">παραπλέω, πάρειμι</b> (εἶμι). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">to the side of, to</b>, <b class="b3">παραδίδωμι, παρέχω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">to one side of, by, past</b>, <b class="b3">παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">aside</b> or <b class="b2">beyond</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">amiss, wrong</b>, <b class="b3">παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of comparison, as in <b class="b3">παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of alteration or change, as in <b class="b3">παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of a side-issue, <b class="b3">παραπόλλυμι</b>. (Cogn. with Goth. <b class="b2">faúr</b> 'along', Lat. <b class="b2">por</b>-.)</span> | |Definition=[ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. also παραί: shortd. πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>553</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>636</span>), and in all dial ects exc. Att., <span class="title">GDI</span>5434.8 (Paros), <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">beside</b>: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion <b class="b2">from the side of, from beside, from</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.744</span>; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' <span class="bibl">12.225</span>, etc.; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων . . ἐπερχομένη <span class="bibl">Od.22.197</span>; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται <span class="bibl">Il.8.533</span>, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν <span class="bibl">19.194</span>; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ <span class="bibl">1.190</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.173</span>; σπασσάμενος . . ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ <span class="bibl">16.473</span>; <b class="b3">πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη</b> was exposed <b class="b2">beside</b> the shield, <span class="bibl">4.468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>624</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> commonly of Persons, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε . . πὰρ Διός <span class="bibl">Il.2.787</span>; παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα <span class="bibl">Od.12.70</span>, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.140</span>. ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.13</span>; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου <span class="bibl">D.21.117</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων</b> his messenger, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.53</span>; so οἱ π. τινός <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.21</span>, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.5</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο</b> <b class="b2">from</b> his workshop, <span class="bibl">Il.18.137</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">617</span>, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.20</span>; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">issuing from</b> a person, <b class="b3">γίγνεσθαι π. τινός</b> to be born <b class="b2">from</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>179b</span>; <b class="b3">λόγος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐστί</b>) <b class="b3"> π. Ἀθηναίων</b> c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.55</span>: freq. following a Noun, <b class="b3">δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων</b> glory <b class="b2">from (given by</b>) men, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>232a</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια</b> the favour <b class="b2">from</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">of</b>, any one, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.2.12</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα</b> <b class="b2">done by</b> me, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινός</b> <b class="b2">all that issues from</b> any one, as commands, commissions, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.4</span>, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> my opinions, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>219a</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς</b> giving <b class="b2">from</b> oneself, i. e. <b class="b2">from</b> one's own <b class="b2">means</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.129</span>, <span class="bibl">8.5</span>; παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.1.3</span>; <b class="b3">νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">by</b> my <b class="b2">advice</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322d</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν</b> <b class="b2">of</b> themselves, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 150d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>235c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός <span class="bibl">Od.6.290</span>, <span class="bibl">15.158</span>; πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο <span class="bibl">14.452</span>; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.76</span>; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.14</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.40.10; <b class="b3">δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>9.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>914</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>870</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.4</span>; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mx.</span>236e</span>: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.104</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Pass. Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς . . μῆνις ἐτύχθη <span class="bibl">Il.15.122</span>; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα</b> <b class="b2">the presents of</b>... <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.26</span>; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> rarely for <b class="b3">παρά</b> c. dat., <b class="b2">by, near</b>, πὰρ ποδός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.62</span>, <span class="bibl">3.60</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων</b> dub. l. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>966</span> (lyr.); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως <span class="title">IG</span>12.81.5; <b class="b3">πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον</b>, = [[ἀμφοτέρωθεν]], <span class="bibl">D.S.19.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος</b> <b class="b2">without</b> his consent, <span class="title">BCH</span>46.337 (Teos). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> WITH DAT. denoting rest <b class="b2">by the side of</b> any person or thing, answering the question <b class="b2">where</b>? </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Places, <b class="b3">κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ' . . πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.154</span>, <span class="bibl">9.319</span>; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ <span class="bibl">13.408</span>; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν <span class="bibl">Il.8.565</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο</b> <b class="b2">at</b> their feet, <span class="bibl">14.411</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. θύρῃσι</b> <b class="b2">at</b> the door, <span class="bibl">7.346</span>; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">2.773</span>; δεῖπνον . . εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο <span class="bibl">Od.6.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.4.475</span>, <span class="bibl">20.53</span>, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>972</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' οἴνῳ</b> <b class="b2">over</b> wine, ib. <span class="bibl">780</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">beside</b>, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον <span class="bibl">Od.15.285</span>; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ <span class="bibl">Il.9.556</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.246</span>, etc.; παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.5.119</span>; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί <span class="bibl">8.243</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει</b> stood <b class="b2">by</b> him, <span class="bibl">Il.4.367</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">at</b> one's <b class="b2">house</b> or <b class="b2">place, with</b> one, μένειν π. τισί <span class="bibl">9.427</span>; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ <span class="bibl">Od.11.490</span>; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί <span class="bibl">Il.13.627</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι</b> <b class="b2">at</b> their own <b class="b2">house</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">86</span>; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.15</span>; καταλύειν π. τινί <span class="bibl">D.18.82</span> (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.136</span>), etc.: hence <b class="b3">οἱ παρ' ἐμοί</b> those <b class="b2">of my household</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.4</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοί</b> life <b class="b2">with me</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.7.4</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι</b> our people, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>64b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.15.19</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος</b> one's <b class="b2">own</b> life, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>612</span>; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>29f</span>; ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>382</span>; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>29f</span>; also, <b class="b2">in</b> one's <b class="b2">hands</b>, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα <span class="title">IG</span>12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.130</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν</b> I had no <b class="b2">right</b> to speak then, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">before, in the presence of</b>, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν <span class="bibl">Od. 1.154</span>; <b class="b2">before</b> a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ <span class="title">IG</span>12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.160</span>; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ <span class="bibl">Id.4.65</span>; παρὰ δικασταῖς <span class="bibl">Th. 1.73</span>; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>: hence <b class="b3">παρ' ἐμοί</b> <b class="b2">in</b> my <b class="b2">judgement</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>3.19</span>; <b class="b3">π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται</b> <b class="b2">with</b> him, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in quoting authors, <b class="b3">παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ</b>, <b class="b2">in</b> Ephorus, etc., <span class="bibl">Plb. 9.2.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>9</span>,<span class="bibl">18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Arc., = [[π]]. c. gen., <b class="b2">from</b>, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι <span class="title">SIG</span>559.9 (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUS. in three main senses, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">along</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">past, beyond</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of coming, going, etc., <b class="b2">to the side of, to</b>, ἴτην π. νῆας <span class="bibl">Il.1.347</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.220</span>, etc.; βῆ . . π. θῖνα <span class="bibl">1.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">327</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν</b> <b class="b2">to the side of</b>... <span class="bibl">21.603</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.187</span>: more freq. of persons, <b class="b3">εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον</b> <b class="b2">to the chamber of</b> H., <span class="bibl">18.143</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.285</span>, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59d</span>; <b class="b3">πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.141</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of rest, <b class="b2">beside, near, by</b>, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα <span class="bibl">Il.3.406</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.577</span>), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον <span class="bibl">Od.4.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.372</span>; <b class="b3">κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας</b> lies <b class="b2">stretched beside</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.4.487</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.381</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο</b> come and stand <b class="b2">by</b> me, <span class="bibl">11.314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">592</span>, <span class="bibl">20.49</span>, etc.; π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν <span class="bibl">Od.13.122</span>; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.28; <b class="b3">κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια</b> they lay down <b class="b2">by</b>... <span class="bibl">Od.12.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.460</span>; ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>271b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>89b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>19.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span> 10.46</span>; παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span> 21.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175c</span>; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ly.</span>211a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>; στὰς παρ' αὐτόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>116c</span>; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα . . παρ' ὄχθας <span class="bibl">Il.12.313</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.34</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.90</span>; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.87</span>; τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Id.8.140</span>.ά (v.l. [[ἐμοί]]) ; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1.9.31</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>451</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.8.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.248</span>, Demetr.Com. Nov.<span class="bibl">1.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.654.23 (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.3.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">11.14.3</span>, <span class="bibl">28.14.3</span>; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία <span class="bibl">Th.2.99</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>184</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>636</span> (lyr.); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον <span class="title">IG</span>12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.23.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.62</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.6.20</span>, <span class="bibl">8.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 1.182</span>, <span class="bibl">3.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.112</span>; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα <span class="title">IG</span>42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); <b class="b3">παρ' ὄμμα</b> <b class="b2">before</b> one's eyes, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>484</span>; <b class="b3">π. πόδας</b> <b class="b2">on</b> the spot, Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.78 W., <span class="title">Rh.</span>2.2 S.; <b class="b2">immediately thereafter</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">1.8.2</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Dor., Boeot., and Thess., = supr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.2</span>, <b class="b2">at the house of... with</b> a person, <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171.7 (Orchom. Boeot.), <span class="title">GDI</span> 1717 (Delph.); <b class="b3">παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος</b>] <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>759</span> (Megar.); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.18 (Larissa, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος</b> ib.13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 425.5 (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in Att., <b class="b3">θέμενος π. γυναῖκας</b> depositing <b class="b2">with</b>... <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>465c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν <span class="bibl">Il.4.480</span>, etc.; τὸν δ' ἕτερον . . κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε <span class="bibl">5.146</span>; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα <span class="bibl">21.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.525</span>, <span class="bibl">8.325</span>, etc.; αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα <span class="bibl">5.293</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.310</span>; <b class="b3">δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">290</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., <b class="b2">side by side with</b>... ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>369c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>214c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>348a</span>; ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα <span class="bibl">D.18.265</span>; ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα . . τῶν χρωμάτων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>375a24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π</b>. apply an area <b class="b2">to</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">along</b>) a finite straight line, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aequil.</span>2.1</span>; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Men.</span>87a</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως</b> the line <b class="b2">to</b> which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.11: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> Arith., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν τι π. τι</b> divide <b class="b2">by</b> . . (v. παραβάλλω A. VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι <span class="bibl">Dioph.4.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ γ π. ί</b> multiply by <span class="bibl">3</span> and divide <b class="b2">by</b> <span class="bibl">10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1718.2</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> Geom., <b class="b2">parallel to</b>... <span class="bibl">Democr.155</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Top.</span>158b31</span>, Archim.<span class="title">Sph. Cyl.</span>1.12, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> metaph. in Gramm., <b class="b2">like, as a parody of</b>... <b class="b3">π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1240</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>584</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> Gramm., of words which differ <b class="b2">as compared with</b> other words, <b class="b3">π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν . . [τὸ ἥρως</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>398d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">399a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>654a</span>: hence, <b class="b2">derived from</b>... <b class="b3">π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον</b>, <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Pron.</span>31.16</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">A.R.2.624</span>; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι . . καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.24</span> B. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> generally, of Comparison, <b class="b2">alongside of, compared with</b>, usu. implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.160</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.20</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.6</span>; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.1.41</span>; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.14</span>; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>584a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>236d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>183c</span>, al.; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας <span class="title">BCH</span>26.332 (Halae); προετέρει π. πάντας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.422.34</span> (iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, <b class="b3">ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους</b> a little <b class="b2">lower than</b> the angels, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span> 8.6</span>; <b class="b3">μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον</b> lag one day <b class="b2">behind</b> the sun, <span class="bibl">Gem.8.19</span>; so perh. <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν</b> (has passed the ball?) <b class="b2">short of</b> him, beyond him, <span class="bibl">Antiph.234</span>; <b class="b3">μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι</b> one day <b class="b2">compared with</b> another is important... a day's delay makes a difference, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.72</span>; <b class="b3">τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν</b>; what joy has one day <b class="b2">compared with</b> another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>475</span>; <b class="b3">ὃς μὲν κρίνει</b> (prefers) <b class="b3">ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει</b> (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>14.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> with Verbs of estimating, to set <b class="b2">at</b> so and so much, hence <b class="b3">π</b>. = <b class="b2">equivalent to</b>... <b class="b3">ταρβῶ μὴ . . θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς</b> set <b class="b2">at</b> nought, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>732</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>229</span> (lyr.); παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>35</span>; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαί τι</b> hold <b class="b2">of</b> small <b class="b2">account</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.79</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.51</span>; παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.6.11</span>; so with <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>, etc., <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι</b> are <b class="b2">as</b> nothing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>983</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>466</span>; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>569</span>; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>1.18.6</span>; so perh. <b class="b3">π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε</b> have turned out <b class="b2">of</b> little <b class="b2">account</b>, have <b class="b2">amounted to</b> little, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.120</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Accountancy, without a verb, <b class="b3">π. τὴν καταλλαγήν</b> <b class="b2">on account of</b> <b class="b3">κ</b>., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.100.4</span> (iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> of correspondence, <b class="b3">ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα</b> stater <b class="b2">for</b> stater (one to each of two creditors), <span class="title">BCH</span>50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>643</span>; <b class="b3">συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν</b> stayed day <b class="b2">for</b> day with each, <span class="bibl">D.59.46</span>; hence of alternation, <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο</b>, of four priests acting two and two alternately, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1198.12</span> (i B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμέραν</b>) <b class="b3"> [πυρετοῦ</b>] quotidian or <b class="b2">tertian</b> fever, ib.<span class="bibl">956.3</span> (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέρην</b>, opp. <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέρην</b>, <b class="b2">tertian</b>, opp. quotidian, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>1.12</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς</b> every day, <b class="b2">every second</b> day, every third (fourth) day, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.18.13</span>; <b class="b3">π. μίαν</b> every second day, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.110.4</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐνιαυτόν</b> every second year, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cleom.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔτος</b> year and year about, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>757a7</span>; every second year, <span class="bibl">Paus.8.15.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. μέρος</b> by turns (v. <b class="b3">μέρος</b> II. <span class="bibl">2</span>); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>28</span>; <b class="b3">π. μῆνα τρίτον</b> every third month, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>582b4</span>, cf. Plu.2.942e; but <b class="b3">π. τρία [ἔτεα</b>] prob. every fourth year, <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span> l.c.; <b class="b3">ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον</b> every second one, <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>1.18</span>; <b class="b3">ἕνα π. δύο</b> (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει</b> now one now another, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 611</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">10</span> <b class="b2">precisely at the moment of</b>, <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα</b> <b class="b2">flagrante delicto</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>, <span class="bibl">21.26</span>; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον <span class="title">IG</span>12.188.31; <b class="b3">π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας</b>, <span class="bibl">D.20.41</span>,46; <b class="b3">π. τὰ δεινά</b> <b class="b2">in the midst of</b> danger, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>63</span>; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>1.10b</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν πρώτην</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐπίθεσιν</b>) <b class="b2">at</b> the first attack, <span class="bibl">Hld.9.2</span>; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>14.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> distributively, whether of Time, <b class="b3">π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα</b> <b class="b2">in each</b> complete period of seventy years, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια . . τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">πὰρ Ϝέτος</b> <b class="b2">each</b> year, <b class="b2">every</b> year, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span> 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).5.14 (Amorgos); <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα</b> day and night, B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>7; or more generally, <b class="b3">πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν</b> <b class="b2">in respect of each</b> olive plant, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.122; <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται</b> <b class="b2">from</b> day <b class="b2">to</b> day, <b class="b2">per</b> day, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>571a21</span>; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 881b26</span>; ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις <span class="bibl">D.8.70</span>; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>705a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμαρ</b> <b class="b2">on</b> (this) day, <b class="b2">to-day</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ</b> . . <b class="b2">to</b>-day and to-morrow, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.63</span>; but <b class="b3">παρ' ἦμαρ</b> <b class="b2">to</b>-morrow, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1455</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">throughout</b> a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.46</span>; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>733a</span>; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον <span class="bibl">D.18.10</span>; also more loosely, <b class="b2">during</b>, <b class="b3">π. τὴν πόσιν</b> <b class="b2">while</b> they were drinking, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.δ; π. τὸν πότον <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.156</span>; π. τὴν κύλικα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">π. δεῖπνον</b> or <b class="b3">π. τὸ δεῖπνον</b>, Id.2.737a,674f. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">along</b>, ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών <span class="bibl">Il.11.558</span>; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος <span class="bibl">12.352</span>; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν <span class="bibl">Od. 11.21</span>; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.193</span>; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.148</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον . . τύμβον κατόψει</b> straight <b class="b2">along</b> the road, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>835</span>; παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα <span class="bibl">Plb.10.30.3</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">9</span>; for <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π</b>., v. supr. c. <span class="bibl">1.4b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">strictly according to, without deviating from</b>, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Thgn. 945</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>474.5</span>; <b class="b3">ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην</b>, i.e. too strict, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1045</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν . . ἐπιδείξω</b> I will prove to you <b class="b2">strictly according to</b> the accounts which they themselves submit, <span class="bibl">D.27.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">past, beyond</b>, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα . . ἐσσεύοντο <span class="bibl">Il.22.145</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.172</span>, <span class="bibl">24.12</span>; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>425</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι</b> pass <b class="b2">by</b> Babylon, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.29</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες</b> looking <b class="b2">over the edge of</b>... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>390</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">over and above, in addition to</b>, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 698</span>; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>74a</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>337d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.139</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 1.5.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> the others, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ages.</span>5.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>4.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>20.16</span>; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>539e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> metaph., <b class="b2">in excess over</b>, <b class="b3">πὰρ δύναμιν</b> <b class="b2">beyond</b> one's strength, <span class="bibl">Il.13.787</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1423b29</span>; π. τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Po.</span>1451b38</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> metaph., <b class="b2">in transgression</b> or <b class="b2">violation of</b>, π. μοῖραν <span class="bibl">Od.14.509</span>; π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 14.10; <b class="b3">παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>2.16</span>, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον <span class="bibl">Th.5.90</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.67</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.14</span>; π. φύσιν <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>747b</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν στήλην</b> prob. in <span class="title">IG</span>12.45.20; <b class="b3">π. καιρόν</b> <b class="b2">out of</b> season, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.24</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. γνώμαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>454</span>; <b class="b3">π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.93</span>, <span class="bibl">1.84</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.2.38.5</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλπίδα</b> or <b class="b3">ἐλπίδας</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>899</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>392</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πὰρ μέλος</b> <b class="b2">out of</b> tune, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.69</span>; π. τὴν ἀξίαν <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">1.98</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου</b>, = [[παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου]], <b class="b2">passed over</b> so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, <span class="bibl">Id.3.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.2</span>; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by <b class="b3">παρά</b>, which thus came to mean '<b class="b2">by</b> such and such a margin', '<b class="b2">with</b> so much <b class="b2">to spare</b>', <b class="b3">ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">2.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες</b> <b class="b2">only just</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>870</span> (lyr.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>; <b class="b3">δεινότατον π. πολύ</b> <b class="b2">by</b> far, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 445</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ὅσον</b> <b class="b2">quatenus</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nec.</span>17</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε</b> <b class="b2">by</b> two votes, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.23.205</span>; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Is.3.37</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν</b> <b class="b2">by</b> so much (= little) he missed falling in with... <span class="bibl">Th.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">29</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν</b> they made no little <b class="b2">difference</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.59</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in phrases like [[π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον]] was sts. understood of the interval <b class="b2">from</b> danger, etc., and <b class="b3">παρά</b> came to mean '<b class="b2">by</b> so much <b class="b2">short of</b>' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>197a29</span>), <b class="b2">within</b> such and such <b class="b2">a distance of</b>, so <b class="b2">near to</b>, <b class="b3">τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο</b> (sc. <b class="b3">αὐτῷ</b>) <b class="b3"> λαβεῖν</b> he was <b class="b2">within</b> one night of taking E., <span class="bibl">Th.4.106</span>; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν</b> I came <b class="b2">within</b> a little <b class="b2">of</b>... <span class="bibl">Isoc. 19.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.43.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Caes.</span> 39</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε . . ἀφελέσθαι</b> was <b class="b2">within</b> an ace <b class="b2">of</b> taking away, <span class="bibl">Th.8.76</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι</b> (were <b class="b2">within</b> a mere nothing, <b class="b2">within</b> an ace <b class="b2">of</b> killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.258</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span> 14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alex.</span>62</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν</b> so <b class="b2">near</b> he came to escaping, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>4</span>; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.33</span>; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.45.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.55.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.17.42</span>: hence without <b class="b3">ἐγένετο</b> or <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα</b> (less) <b class="b2">by</b> one, i.e. <b class="b2">less</b> one, <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>1.8</span>; <b class="b3">τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν</b>, = <span class="bibl">39</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.24</span>; <b class="b3">παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι</b> the same number <b class="b2">less</b> one, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Publ.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων</b> you have brought me one <b class="b2">too few</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>4</span>; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν <span class="bibl">Heph.4.2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια</b> seven carats <b class="b2">short</b>, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); <b class="b3">πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους</b>, all <b class="b2">save</b> one (a few), <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>5</span>; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).801 (Laconia); of one <b class="b3">Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα</b> you are a bear (ἄρκος) <b class="b2">all but</b> a letter, <span class="title">AP</span>11.231 (Ammian.); <b class="b3">ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι</b> so that he <b class="b2">all but</b> (lit. <b class="b2">less</b> something) lost his sight, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.228.6</span>; <b class="b3">π. τι βυθίζεσθαι</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τοῦτο</b> the figure <b class="b2">less</b> that, i.e. the remainder or <b class="b2">difference</b>, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>264.4</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.148.5</span> (v A. D.); hence of any <b class="b2">difference</b> whether of excess or defect, <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς . . Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς . . Σαυνίτας</b> making no <b class="b2">difference</b> between... <span class="bibl">Str.6.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.5.11</span>, Plu.2.24c. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> hence of the margin <b class="b2">by</b> which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause <b class="b2">according to</b> which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται <span class="bibl">Polyclit.2</span> (cf. [[μικρός]] III. <span class="bibl">5</span> c); <b class="b3">διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις</b> <b class="b2">according to</b>... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>486b5</span>; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα <span class="bibl">Gem. 5.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.5</span>, al.; <b class="b3">π. τὰ πράγματα</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">Apollod.Car.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> more generally of the margin <b class="b2">by</b> which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>65b6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48a24</span>, al.), <b class="b3">κεινὰν π. δίαιταν</b> <b class="b2">just for the sake of</b> unsatisfying food, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν</b> each thinks that his own negligence will not <b class="b2">suffice to cause</b> injury, <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.48</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν</b> <b class="b2">all through</b> his own fault, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.52</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">18.232</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὰ . . ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται</b> not <b class="b2">from</b> one or two causes <b class="b2">only</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.2</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι</b> <b class="b2">it does</b> not <b class="b2">follow that</b> it is not... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>12.15</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει</b> <b class="b2">by the simple fact of</b> prompt payment, <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων <span class="bibl">Lycurg.63</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.3.103.2</span>, <span class="bibl">18.28.6</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς</b> <b class="b2">thanks to</b> himself <b class="b2">alone</b>, Aristeas <span class="bibl">224</span>; παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.24.2</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.16 S.; παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις <span class="bibl">Hierocl. <span class="title">in CA</span>25p.477M.</span>; <b class="b3">εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">on</b> this <b class="b2">depends</b>... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.5</span>, D.C.<span class="title">Fr.</span>36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>51.2</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι</b> <b class="b2">just because</b> I am a Greek, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>7.13</span> (ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>29.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ex.</span>14.11</span>; later more loosely, <b class="b2">because of</b>... Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.158 S., <span class="bibl">Gem.6.24</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε</b> it is no fault of yours, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>243.6</span> (ii A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1420.7</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς <span class="bibl">D.18.239</span>; <b class="b3">πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν</b> to persuade (the judges) <b class="b2">so far as in</b> you <b class="b2">lies</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ</b> <b class="b2">as far as</b> I <b class="b2">am concerned, for all</b> I <b class="b2">care</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: <b class="b3">παρά</b> may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe <b class="b3">πάρα</b>: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ' <span class="bibl">Il.18.400</span>; but <b class="b3">Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ'</b> ib.<span class="bibl">191</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">παρά</b> abs., as ADV., <b class="b2">near, together</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.611</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">F</span> <b class="b3">πάρα</b> (with anastrophe) stands for <b class="b3">πάρεστι</b> and <b class="b3">πάρεισι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.174</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>454</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.42</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>285</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>862</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">G</span> IN COMPOS., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">alongside of, beside</b>, of rest, <b class="b3">παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι</b>; of motion, <b class="b3">παραπλέω, πάρειμι</b> (εἶμι). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">to the side of, to</b>, <b class="b3">παραδίδωμι, παρέχω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">to one side of, by, past</b>, <b class="b3">παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">aside</b> or <b class="b2">beyond</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">amiss, wrong</b>, <b class="b3">παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of comparison, as in <b class="b3">παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of alteration or change, as in <b class="b3">παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of a side-issue, <b class="b3">παραπόλλυμι</b>. (Cogn. with Goth. <b class="b2">faúr</b> 'along', Lat. <b class="b2">por</b>-.)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0467.png Seite 467]] ep. πάρ und [[παραί]], <b class="b2">Adverb</b>., <b class="b2">bei</b>, daneben, [[ἔνθα]] καθεῦδ' ἀναβάς· παρὰ δὲ [[χρυσόθρονος]] Ἥρη, Il. 1, 611; Od. 3, 400; u. so noch Eur. I. A. 201. – Gew. Praeposit., <b class="b2">bei, neben</b>, die unmittelbare Nähe, u. zwar c. dat. die Ruhe bei, c. gen. die Bewegung von der Seite her, c. acc. die Bewegung an die Seite hin bezeichnend. Also | |||
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Revision as of 19:21, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. also παραί: shortd. πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp.553, S.Tr.636), and in all dial ects exc. Att., GDI5434.8 (Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.
A beside: hence, A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from: I of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225, etc.; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων . . ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190, cf. 21.173; σπασσάμενος . . ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th.624. II commonly of Persons, 1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε . . πὰρ Διός Il.2.787; παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140. ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; so οἱ π. τινός Th.7.10, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2. 2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp.179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr.232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp.219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5; παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt.322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr.235c. 3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290, 15.158; πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th.914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El.870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R.406d; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx.236e: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104, etc. 4 with Pass. Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς . . μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr.245c, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of... Isoc.4.26; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp.175e. III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near, πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant.966 (lyr.); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42. IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, BCH46.337 (Teos). B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where? I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ' . . πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773; δεῖπνον . . εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT972; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc. II of persons, beside, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556, cf. 6.246, etc.; παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367. 2 at one's house or place, with one, μένειν π. τισί 9.427; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15; καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82 (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd.64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT612; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb.29f; ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται S.OT382; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb.29f; also, in one's hands, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98. 3 before, in the presence of, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154; before a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65; παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr.589, E.Heracl.881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg.510e. 4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18. III Arc., = π. c. gen., from, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9 (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.). C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses, I beside, near, by, II along, III past, beyond. I beside, near, by: 1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to, ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347, cf. 8.220, etc.; βῆ . . π. θῖνα 1.34, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of... 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd.59d; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17. 2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406, cf. 11.577), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον Od.4.51, cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside... Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.; π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by... Od.12.32, cf. 3.460; ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd.271b, cf. Phd.89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46; παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2, cf. Pl.Smp.175c; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly.211a, cf. R.328c; στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd.116c; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα . . παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87; τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140.ά (v.l. ἐμοί) ; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr.451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99, cf. S.El.184 (lyr.), Tr.636 (lyr.); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα IG42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp.484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al. b Dor., Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of... with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach.759 (Megar.); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18 (Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5 (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with... Pl. R.465c. 3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480, etc.; τὸν δ' ἕτερον . . κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα 5.293, cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib.290. 4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with... ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg.475e, cf. Hp.Mi.369c, Smp.214c, R.348a; ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα D.18.265; ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα . . τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete.375a24. b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men.87a; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence, c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by . . (v. παραβάλλω A. VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.). 5 Geom., parallel to... Democr.155, Arist. Top.158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al. 6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of... π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av.1240, Nu.584. b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν . . [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra.398d, cf. 399a, Lg.654a: hence, derived from... π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι . . καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24 B. 7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160, cf. 7.20, 103; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23, cf. 4.6; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R.584a, cf. Phdr.236d, La.183c, al.; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332 (Halae); προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34 (iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important... a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj.475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5. 8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to... ταρβῶ μὴ . . θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT732, cf. A. Ag.229 (lyr.); παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51; παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT983, cf. Ant.466; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις E.Or.569; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120. b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.). 9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra.643; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611. 10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10. b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια . . τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14 (Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA571a21; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26; ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg.705a. c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ . . to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC1455 (lyr.). d throughout a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg.733a; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156; π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f. II along, ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον . . τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc.835; παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b. 2 strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag.1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν . . ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34. III past, beyond, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα . . ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap.425; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of... Ar.Av.390. 2 metaph., over and above, in addition to, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd.74a, cf.R.337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl.Ion539e. 3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al.1423b29; π. τὴν δ. Id.Po.1451b38. 4 metaph., in transgression or violation of, π. μοῖραν Od.14.509; π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14; π. φύσιν Th.6.17, cf. Pl.Lg.747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp.454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag.899, S.Ant.392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69; π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98. 5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', 'with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap.36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT870 (lyr.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο Th.7.71; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with... Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59. b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph.197a29), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of... Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε . . ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801 (Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear (ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς . . Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς . . Σαυνίτας making no difference between... Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c. 6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2 (cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to... Arist.HA486b5; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11. 7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr.65b6, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ . . ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not... 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων Lycurg.63, cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224; παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.; παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends... Pl.Lg.715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of... Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.). 8 of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av.846. D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib.191. E παρά abs., as ADV., near, together, Il.1.611, al., E.IA201 (lyr.). F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op.454, A.Pers.167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El.285, Ar.Ach.862, etc. G IN COMPOS., I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι (εἶμι). II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω. IV metaph., 1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω. 2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι. 3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι. 4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 467] ep. πάρ und παραί, Adverb., bei, daneben, ἔνθα καθεῦδ' ἀναβάς· παρὰ δὲ χρυσόθρονος Ἥρη, Il. 1, 611; Od. 3, 400; u. so noch Eur. I. A. 201. – Gew. Praeposit., bei, neben, die unmittelbare Nähe, u. zwar c. dat. die Ruhe bei, c. gen. die Bewegung von der Seite her, c. acc. die Bewegung an die Seite hin bezeichnend. Also
