φάρμακον: Difference between revisions
Ἐλεύθερον φύλαττε τὸν σαυτοῦ τρόπον → Te liberum ipse moribus praesta tuis → Die Freiheit wahre deiner eignen Lebensart
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|Definition=[v. sub fin.], τό, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">drug</b>, whether healing or noxious: in Hom. the sense is freq. determined by an epith., φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ... πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά <span class="bibl">Od.4.230</span>; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν <span class="bibl">10.287</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">292</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ἤπια, ὀδυνήφατα</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>); <b class="b3">κακὰ φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">213</span>; <b class="b3">φ. λυγρά</b> ib. <span class="bibl">236</span>; <b class="b3">φ. οὐλόμενον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">394</span>; ἀνδροφόνον <span class="bibl">1.261</span>; θυμοφθόρα φ. <span class="bibl">2.329</span>; so, after Hom., προσανέα φ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.52</span>; παιώνια <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>848</span>; χρήσιμον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>382c</span>; θανάσιμα <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>103.31</span>; ὀλέθριον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span> 62</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">healing remedy, medicine</b>, in Hom. mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ' ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων <span class="bibl">Il.4.191</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">218</span>; ὀδυνήφατα φ. πάσσων <span class="bibl">5.401</span>,<span class="bibl">900</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.515</span>,<span class="bibl">830</span>, <span class="bibl">15.394</span>; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.392</span>; φ. περιαλείφειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>906</span>; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ' <span class="bibl">Od.10.326</span>; φ. πεπωκώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.160</span>, cf. Pi. l. c.; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>467c</span>; φ. χριστόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>516</span>; ἔγχριστον <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.1</span>; ἐπίχριστον <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.10</span>; ἐπίπαστον Theoc. l. c.; καταπλαστόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>716</span>; ποτόν E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> l.c.; freq. in Medic. writers, <span class="bibl">Sor. 1.4</span>, Gal.6.265, etc.; of <b class="b2">medicines</b> for cattle, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>222.11</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), <b class="b3">φ. νόσου</b> <b class="b2">a medicine for</b> it, <b class="b2">remedy against</b> it, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>251</span>,<span class="bibl">606</span> (lyr.); βηχός <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.60</span>: <b class="b3">κεφαλῆς</b> <b class="b2">for</b> a head-ache, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>155b</span>; στραγγουρίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>612b16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">624a16</span>; μέθης <span class="bibl">Amphis 37</span>; δίψης <span class="title">AP</span> 6.170 (Thyill.); but <b class="b3">ὑγιείας φ</b>. <b class="b2">a medicine to restore</b> or <b class="b2">maintain</b> health, <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>37(2).11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">enchanted potion, philtre</b>: hence, <b class="b2">charm, spell</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.220</span> sq., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>302</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>1.64.20</span> (i B. C.); φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔμηνεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>561</span>; <b class="b3">τοιαῦτα ἔχω φ</b>. such <b class="b2">charms</b> have I, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>9.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">poison</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 685</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>385</span>; πιεῖν τὸ φ. <span class="bibl">Antipho6.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>, <span class="bibl">115a</span>; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα <span class="bibl">Th.2.48</span>; φ. δηλητήρια <span class="title">SIG</span>37 <span class="title">A</span> 1 (Teos, v B. C.); τοξικὸν φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>21 ii 14</span> (iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">lye</b> for laundering, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Stud.Pal.</span>22.56.12</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">remedy, cure</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>485</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.35</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μεῖζον . . τῆς νόσου τὸ φ</b>. <b class="b2">the cure</b> too strong for, i. e. worse than, the disease, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>589.4</span>, cf. <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span> 455; <b class="b3">φ. πραΰ</b>, of a bridle, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.85</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τινι</b> <b class="b2">for</b> a thing, <span class="bibl">Thgn. 1134</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Archil.9</span>; πρός τι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a16</span>; ποττὸν ἔρωτα <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.1</span>; but most freq. <b class="b3">φ. τινός</b> <b class="b2">remedy against</b> . . χλαῖνα . . φ. ῥίγευς <span class="bibl">Hippon.19</span>; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει <span class="bibl">Simon.87</span>; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>548</span>; <b class="b3">φ. πόνων, λύπης</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>283</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1079</span>; <b class="b3">δόλοι . . χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">288</span>; φόβου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647e</span>; <b class="b3">λήθης φάρμακα</b> (of <b class="b3">γράμματα</b>) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>578.1</span>; v. [[εὐδιανός]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. also, <b class="b2">a means of producing</b> something, φ. σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>893</span>; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>274e</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπομνήσεως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">275a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">230d</span>; ἀθανασίας <span class="bibl">Antiph.86.6</span>; ἡσυχίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1273b23</span>; <b class="b3">φ. μανίας</b>, of the oil applied to wrestlers, <span class="bibl">D.L.1.104</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φ. ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι</b> <b class="b2">a remedy</b> or <b class="b2">consolation in</b> his own virtue, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">dye, paint, colour</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.23.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.98</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>134</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>735</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>277c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>789.13</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">chemical reagent</b>, PLeid.X.25, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>13.46</span>, <span class="bibl">22.10</span>, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.<span class="bibl">p.160</span> B.; <b class="b2">used by tanners</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>44</span>,<span class="bibl">368</span>.—Cf. <b class="b3">φαρμάσσω. [μᾰ;</b> but μᾱ in <b class="b3">φαρμακός.]</b></span> | |Definition=[v. sub fin.], τό, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">drug</b>, whether healing or noxious: in Hom. the sense is freq. determined by an epith., φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ... πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά <span class="bibl">Od.4.230</span>; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν <span class="bibl">10.287</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">292</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ἤπια, ὀδυνήφατα</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>); <b class="b3">κακὰ φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">213</span>; <b class="b3">φ. λυγρά</b> ib. <span class="bibl">236</span>; <b class="b3">φ. οὐλόμενον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">394</span>; ἀνδροφόνον <span class="bibl">1.261</span>; θυμοφθόρα φ. <span class="bibl">2.329</span>; so, after Hom., προσανέα φ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.52</span>; παιώνια <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>848</span>; χρήσιμον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>382c</span>; θανάσιμα <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>103.31</span>; ὀλέθριον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span> 62</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">healing remedy, medicine</b>, in Hom. mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ' ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων <span class="bibl">Il.4.191</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">218</span>; ὀδυνήφατα φ. πάσσων <span class="bibl">5.401</span>,<span class="bibl">900</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.515</span>,<span class="bibl">830</span>, <span class="bibl">15.394</span>; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.392</span>; φ. περιαλείφειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>906</span>; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ' <span class="bibl">Od.10.326</span>; φ. πεπωκώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.160</span>, cf. Pi. l. c.; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>467c</span>; φ. χριστόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>516</span>; ἔγχριστον <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.1</span>; ἐπίχριστον <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.10</span>; ἐπίπαστον Theoc. l. c.; καταπλαστόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>716</span>; ποτόν E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> l.c.; freq. in Medic. writers, <span class="bibl">Sor. 1.4</span>, Gal.6.265, etc.; of <b class="b2">medicines</b> for cattle, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>222.11</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), <b class="b3">φ. νόσου</b> <b class="b2">a medicine for</b> it, <b class="b2">remedy against</b> it, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>251</span>,<span class="bibl">606</span> (lyr.); βηχός <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.60</span>: <b class="b3">κεφαλῆς</b> <b class="b2">for</b> a head-ache, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>155b</span>; στραγγουρίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>612b16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">624a16</span>; μέθης <span class="bibl">Amphis 37</span>; δίψης <span class="title">AP</span> 6.170 (Thyill.); but <b class="b3">ὑγιείας φ</b>. <b class="b2">a medicine to restore</b> or <b class="b2">maintain</b> health, <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>37(2).11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">enchanted potion, philtre</b>: hence, <b class="b2">charm, spell</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.220</span> sq., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>302</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>1.64.20</span> (i B. C.); φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔμηνεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>561</span>; <b class="b3">τοιαῦτα ἔχω φ</b>. such <b class="b2">charms</b> have I, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>9.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">poison</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 685</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>385</span>; πιεῖν τὸ φ. <span class="bibl">Antipho6.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>, <span class="bibl">115a</span>; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα <span class="bibl">Th.2.48</span>; φ. δηλητήρια <span class="title">SIG</span>37 <span class="title">A</span> 1 (Teos, v B. C.); τοξικὸν φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>21 ii 14</span> (iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">lye</b> for laundering, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Stud.Pal.</span>22.56.12</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">remedy, cure</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>485</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.35</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μεῖζον . . τῆς νόσου τὸ φ</b>. <b class="b2">the cure</b> too strong for, i. e. worse than, the disease, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>589.4</span>, cf. <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span> 455; <b class="b3">φ. πραΰ</b>, of a bridle, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.85</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τινι</b> <b class="b2">for</b> a thing, <span class="bibl">Thgn. 1134</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Archil.9</span>; πρός τι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a16</span>; ποττὸν ἔρωτα <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.1</span>; but most freq. <b class="b3">φ. τινός</b> <b class="b2">remedy against</b> . . χλαῖνα . . φ. ῥίγευς <span class="bibl">Hippon.19</span>; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει <span class="bibl">Simon.87</span>; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>548</span>; <b class="b3">φ. πόνων, λύπης</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>283</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1079</span>; <b class="b3">δόλοι . . χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">288</span>; φόβου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647e</span>; <b class="b3">λήθης φάρμακα</b> (of <b class="b3">γράμματα</b>) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>578.1</span>; v. [[εὐδιανός]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. also, <b class="b2">a means of producing</b> something, φ. σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>893</span>; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>274e</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπομνήσεως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">275a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">230d</span>; ἀθανασίας <span class="bibl">Antiph.86.6</span>; ἡσυχίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1273b23</span>; <b class="b3">φ. μανίας</b>, of the oil applied to wrestlers, <span class="bibl">D.L.1.104</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φ. ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι</b> <b class="b2">a remedy</b> or <b class="b2">consolation in</b> his own virtue, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">dye, paint, colour</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.23.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.98</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>134</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>735</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>277c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>789.13</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">chemical reagent</b>, PLeid.X.25, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>13.46</span>, <span class="bibl">22.10</span>, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.<span class="bibl">p.160</span> B.; <b class="b2">used by tanners</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>44</span>,<span class="bibl">368</span>.—Cf. <b class="b3">φαρμάσσω. [μᾰ;</b> but μᾱ in <b class="b3">φαρμακός.]</b></span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1256.png Seite 1256]] τό, jedes künstliche Mittel, bes. zur Hervorbringung physischer Wirkungen; – 1) <b class="b2">Heilmittel</b>, Arzneimittel, sowohl gegen äußerliche Verletzungen als gegen innere Krankheiten, sowohl äußerlich, als innerlich zu brauchen; oft bei Hom.: ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ', ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων Il. 4, 191; ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε ib. 218; ἐπιπάσσων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα 5, 401. 900; ἀκήματα ὀδυνάων 15, 394; – πραΰ Pind. Ol. 13, 85; ὁποίοις φαρμάκοις [[ἰάσιμος]] Aesch. Prom. 473; Soph. Ai. 1234 u. in Prosa. – Nach der Art des Gebrauches unterschieden die Alten χριστά, παστά oder ἐπίπαστα, πλαστά u. καταπλαστόν, Ar. Plut. 716 Theocr. 11, 1, βρώσιμα, πότιμα oder πιστά; [[φάρμακον]] πεπωκώς Her. 4, 160; vgl. Aesch. Prom. 479 ff.; φάρμακα προσανέα πίνοντας Pind. P. 3, 53; Plat. Gorg. 456 b; Xen. An. 6, 2,11. – 2) <b class="b2">Gift</b>, tödtliches, Verderben, Unheil bringendes Mittel; κακά, λυγρά, οὐλόμενα, ἀνδροφόνα, θ υμοφθόρα, Il 22, 94 Od. 1, 261. 2, 329. 10, 213. 236. 394; Soph. Trach. 682; φαρμάκοις μῆναί τινα Ar. Th. 561; φάρμακα εἰσβάλλειν εἰς τὰ φρέατα Thuc. 2, 48. – 3) <b class="b2">Zaubermittel</b>; denn dem einfachen Naturmenschen gilt Arznei, Gift und Zaubermittel für Eins; sowohl von Zaubertränken und Salben, als von Zauberformeln und Beschwörungen, Il. 11, 741 Od. 4, 220. 230; – jedes geheime Mittel, Etwas zu bewirken, Her. 3, 85. – 4) Uebh. <b class="b2">Hülfsmittel</b>, Gegenmittel; Hes. O. 481; αὐρᾶν ψυχρᾶν, gegen kalte Lüfte, Pind. Ol. 9, 97; νόσου Aesch. Prom. 249; [[πάλαι]] τὸ σιγᾶν [[φάρμακον]] βλάβης ἔχω Ag. 534; πόνων Eur. Bacch. 283; τὸ [[θανεῖν]] κακῶν μέγιστον [[φάρμακον]] νομίζεται Heracl. 596; φόβου Plat. Legg. I, 647 e; πενθέων Philet. 1; ἔρωτος Theocr. 14, 52, wie πρὸς τὸν ἔρωτα 11, 1; δίψης φάρμακα ἀλεξίκακα κύπελλα Thall. 3 (VI, 170); – aber auch Erregungsmittel; so heißt der Wein [[φάρμακον]] ἀφροσύνης, der Raserei erregt, u. Anacharsis nannte das Salböl der Ringer [[φάρμακον]] μανίας, wodurch sie gleichsam Wuth gegen einander hervorzaubern; – σωτηρίας φ. Eur. Phoen. 900; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ, Plat. Phaedr. 274 e, vgl. 275 a. – 5) Färbemittel; ἠνθισμένοι φαρμάκοισι Her. 1, 93; πολύχροα Empedocl. 84; – Schminke, Malerfarbe, Plat. Crat. 424 e Polit. 277 c; s. Piers. Moer. p. 399 Schäf. D. Hal. C. V. p. 289. – Auch Reizmittel, den Wohlgeschmack der Speisen zu erhöhen, Würze; dah. übertr., κάλλιστον [[φάρμακον]] ἀρετᾶς ἐπὶ θανάτῳ εὑρέσθαι, die Würze, welche die Tugend selbst dem Tode giebt, Pind. P. 4, 187. – [Die Penultima ist von einigen ion. Dichtern auch lang gebraucht, Gaisf. Hephaest. 254 u. Hipponax, s. [[φαρμακός]].] | |||
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Revision as of 19:38, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[v. sub fin.], τό,
A drug, whether healing or noxious: in Hom. the sense is freq. determined by an epith., φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ... πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά Od.4.230; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν 10.287, cf. 292; φ. ἤπια, ὀδυνήφατα (v. infr. 2); κακὰ φ. ib.213; φ. λυγρά ib. 236; φ. οὐλόμενον ib.394; ἀνδροφόνον 1.261; θυμοφθόρα φ. 2.329; so, after Hom., προσανέα φ. Pi.P.3.52; παιώνια A.Ag.848; χρήσιμον Pl.R.382c; θανάσιμα Ph.Bel.103.31; ὀλέθριον Luc.Herm. 62. 2 healing remedy, medicine, in Hom. mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ' ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων Il.4.191; ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε ib.218; ὀδυνήφατα φ. πάσσων 5.401,900, cf. 11.515,830, 15.394; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. Od.10.392; φ. περιαλείφειν Ar.Eq.906; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ' Od.10.326; φ. πεπωκώς Hdt.4.160, cf. Pi. l. c.; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ Pl.R.406d, cf. Grg.467c; φ. χριστόν E.Hipp.516; ἔγχριστον Theoc.11.1; ἐπίχριστον Str.17.1.10; ἐπίπαστον Theoc. l. c.; καταπλαστόν Ar.Pl.716; ποτόν E.Hipp. l.c.; freq. in Medic. writers, Sor. 1.4, Gal.6.265, etc.; of medicines for cattle, PFlor.222.11 (iii A. D.). b c. gen. (v. infr. 11), φ. νόσου a medicine for it, remedy against it, A.Pr.251,606 (lyr.); βηχός Phryn.Com.60: κεφαλῆς for a head-ache, Pl.Chrm.155b; στραγγουρίας Arist.HA612b16, cf. 624a16; μέθης Amphis 37; δίψης AP 6.170 (Thyill.); but ὑγιείας φ. a medicine to restore or maintain health, Aristid.Or.37(2).11. 3 enchanted potion, philtre: hence, charm, spell, Od.4.220 sq., Ar.Pl.302, Theoc.2.15, PSI1.64.20 (i B. C.); φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔμηνεν Ar.Th.561; τοιαῦτα ἔχω φ. such charms have I, Hdt.3.85, cf. Apoc.9.21. 4 poison, S.Tr. 685, E.Med.385; πιεῖν τὸ φ. Antipho6.15, Pl.Phd.57a, 115a; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα Th.2.48; φ. δηλητήρια SIG37 A 1 (Teos, v B. C.); τοξικὸν φ. BGU21 ii 14 (iv A. D.). 5 lye for laundering, Stud.Pal.22.56.12 (iii A. D.). II generally, remedy, cure, Hes.Op.485, Alc.35, etc.; μεῖζον . . τῆς νόσου τὸ φ. the cure too strong for, i. e. worse than, the disease, S.Fr.589.4, cf. Com.Adesp. 455; φ. πραΰ, of a bridle, Pi.O.13.85; φ. τινι for a thing, Thgn. 1134 (pl.), Archil.9; πρός τι Arist.Pol.1321a16; ποττὸν ἔρωτα Theoc. 11.1; but most freq. φ. τινός remedy against . . χλαῖνα . . φ. ῥίγευς Hippon.19; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει Simon.87; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω A.Ag.548; φ. πόνων, λύπης, E.Ba.283, Fr.1079; δόλοι . . χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ. ib.288; φόβου Pl.Lg.647e; λήθης φάρμακα (of γράμματα) E.Fr.578.1; v. εὐδιανός. 2 c. gen. also, a means of producing something, φ. σωτηρίας Id.Ph.893; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ. Pl.Phdr.274e; ὑπομνήσεως ib.275a, cf. 230d; ἀθανασίας Antiph.86.6; ἡσυχίας Arist.Pol.1273b23; φ. μανίας, of the oil applied to wrestlers, D.L.1.104. 3 ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φ. ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι a remedy or consolation in his own virtue, Pi.P.4.187. III dye, paint, colour, Emp.23.3, Hdt.1.98, A.Fr.134, Ar.Ec.735, Pl.R.420c, Plt.277c, PCair.Zen.789.13 (iii B. C.), etc. IV chemical reagent, PLeid.X.25, PHolm.13.46, 22.10, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.p.160 B.; used by tanners, Sch.Ar.Eq.44,368.—Cf. φαρμάσσω. [μᾰ; but μᾱ in φαρμακός.]
German (Pape)
[Seite 1256] τό, jedes künstliche Mittel, bes. zur Hervorbringung physischer Wirkungen; – 1) Heilmittel, Arzneimittel, sowohl gegen äußerliche Verletzungen als gegen innere Krankheiten, sowohl äußerlich, als innerlich zu brauchen; oft bei Hom.: ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ', ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων Il. 4, 191; ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε ib. 218; ἐπιπάσσων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα 5, 401. 900; ἀκήματα ὀδυνάων 15, 394; – πραΰ Pind. Ol. 13, 85; ὁποίοις φαρμάκοις ἰάσιμος Aesch. Prom. 473; Soph. Ai. 1234 u. in Prosa. – Nach der Art des Gebrauches unterschieden die Alten χριστά, παστά oder ἐπίπαστα, πλαστά u. καταπλαστόν, Ar. Plut. 716 Theocr. 11, 1, βρώσιμα, πότιμα oder πιστά; φάρμακον πεπωκώς Her. 4, 160; vgl. Aesch. Prom. 479 ff.; φάρμακα προσανέα πίνοντας Pind. P. 3, 53; Plat. Gorg. 456 b; Xen. An. 6, 2,11. – 2) Gift, tödtliches, Verderben, Unheil bringendes Mittel; κακά, λυγρά, οὐλόμενα, ἀνδροφόνα, θ υμοφθόρα, Il 22, 94 Od. 1, 261. 2, 329. 10, 213. 236. 394; Soph. Trach. 682; φαρμάκοις μῆναί τινα Ar. Th. 561; φάρμακα εἰσβάλλειν εἰς τὰ φρέατα Thuc. 2, 48. – 3) Zaubermittel; denn dem einfachen Naturmenschen gilt Arznei, Gift und Zaubermittel für Eins; sowohl von Zaubertränken und Salben, als von Zauberformeln und Beschwörungen, Il. 11, 741 Od. 4, 220. 230; – jedes geheime Mittel, Etwas zu bewirken, Her. 3, 85. – 4) Uebh. Hülfsmittel, Gegenmittel; Hes. O. 481; αὐρᾶν ψυχρᾶν, gegen kalte Lüfte, Pind. Ol. 9, 97; νόσου Aesch. Prom. 249; πάλαι τὸ σιγᾶν φάρμακον βλάβης ἔχω Ag. 534; πόνων Eur. Bacch. 283; τὸ θανεῖν κακῶν μέγιστον φάρμακον νομίζεται Heracl. 596; φόβου Plat. Legg. I, 647 e; πενθέων Philet. 1; ἔρωτος Theocr. 14, 52, wie πρὸς τὸν ἔρωτα 11, 1; δίψης φάρμακα ἀλεξίκακα κύπελλα Thall. 3 (VI, 170); – aber auch Erregungsmittel; so heißt der Wein φάρμακον ἀφροσύνης, der Raserei erregt, u. Anacharsis nannte das Salböl der Ringer φάρμακον μανίας, wodurch sie gleichsam Wuth gegen einander hervorzaubern; – σωτηρίας φ. Eur. Phoen. 900; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ, Plat. Phaedr. 274 e, vgl. 275 a. – 5) Färbemittel; ἠνθισμένοι φαρμάκοισι Her. 1, 93; πολύχροα Empedocl. 84; – Schminke, Malerfarbe, Plat. Crat. 424 e Polit. 277 c; s. Piers. Moer. p. 399 Schäf. D. Hal. C. V. p. 289. – Auch Reizmittel, den Wohlgeschmack der Speisen zu erhöhen, Würze; dah. übertr., κάλλιστον φάρμακον ἀρετᾶς ἐπὶ θανάτῳ εὑρέσθαι, die Würze, welche die Tugend selbst dem Tode giebt, Pind. P. 4, 187. – [Die Penultima ist von einigen ion. Dichtern auch lang gebraucht, Gaisf. Hephaest. 254 u. Hipponax, s. φαρμακός.]
