ὕδωρ

English (LSJ)

[ῠ, v. fin.], τό, gen. ὕδατος: an Ep. dat. ὕδει in Hes.Op.61, Thgn.961; later nom.

   A ὕδος Call.Fr.475; Boeot. οὕδωρ prob. in IG7.3169 (Orchom.):—water, of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of seawater without an epith., ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. Od.3.300, 7.277; but ἁλμυρὸν ὕ. 9.227, al., cf. Th.4.26; of rivers, ὕ. Αἰσήποιο, Στυγός, Il.2.825, 8.369, al.; so in Lyr. and Trag., ὕ, Ἀσώπιον Pi.N. 3.3; ὕ. τὸ Νείλου A.Supp.561 (lyr.): freq. in pl. (but only once in Hom., ὕδατ' ἀενάοντα Od.13.109), Καφίσια ὕδατα the waters of Cephisus, Pi.O.14.1; ῥυτῶν ὑδάτων S.OC1599; ὕδασιν τοίς Ἀχελῴου Id.Fr.271 (anap.): spring-water, drinking-water, οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕ. Od.1.110; ἀφυσσάμεθ' ὕδωρ 9.85; ὕδατα καὶ . . δῖτοι Pl.R.404a; πότιμον ὕ. X.HG3.2.19; ὕ. πίνων a water-drinker, D.6.30, cf. 19.46, Ar.Eq.349; ὕ. δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν Cratin.199, cf. Aristopho 10.3, Bato 2.9, al.: ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός water for washing the hands, v. χείρ; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ. Il.9.171; ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν 3.270, Od.1.146, al.; λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ Il.23.282:—on γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν and διδόναι, v. γῆ 1.2b:—a curse was invoked upon those who refused fire (i.e. the right to borrow burning embers) or water or to direct a traveller on his way, Diph.62, cf. X.Oec.2.15:—prov., ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕ. γράφω S.Fr.811, cf. Men.Mon.25; ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν Pl.Phdr.276c; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν; if water chokes, what more can be done ? of a desperate case, Arist.EN1146a35, cf. ἐπιρροφέω 1.    2 rain-water, rain, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕ. Ζεύς Il.16.385; ὗσαι ὕδατι λαβροτάτῳ Hdt.1.87; ἐγίνετο ὕ. ἄπλετον Id.8.12; πολύ Th.6.70, D.59.99; ὕ. ἐπιγενόμενον πολύ X.HG1.6.28; τὸ ὕ. τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτός Th.2.5, cf. Hdt.8.13: more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐζ οὐρανοῦ X.An. 4.2.2, Aristid.Or.50(26).35 (but ἐζ οὐρανοῦ is a gloss in Th.2.77): pl., ὕ. ὄμβρια Pi.O.11(10).2; τὰ Διὸς, or παρὰ τοῦ Δ., ὕ. Pl.Lg.761a, 761b; τὸ ἐκ Διὸς ὕ. Thphr.HP2.6.5; καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι, Ar.Nu.1280, V.261 (lyr.), cf. Thphr.Char.3.4: abs., ἐὰν πλείω ποιῇ ὕ. Id.CP1.19.3: κεραύνια ὕ. thunder-showers, Plu.2.664f; ὕ. πολλά, συνεχέα μαλθακῶς Hp.Epid.1.1.    3 for ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι, Hdt.3.104, v. βρέχω.    4 in the law-courts, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock (κλεψύδρ), and hence the time it took in running out, ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ D.44.45; οὐχ ἱκανόν μοι τὸὕ. Id.45.47; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕ., ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕ., in the time allowed me, Id.18.139, 57.61; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, Id.27.12; τὸ ὕ. ἀναλῶσαι Din.2.6; πρὸς ὕ. σμικρὸν διδάζαι Pl.Tht.201b; ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕ. D.29.9; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Id.45.8; ἐγχεῖται τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὕ. τῷ κατηγόρῳ... τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὕ. τῷ φεύγοντι Aeschin.3.197; ἀποδιδόναι, παραδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ., to give him the turn of speaking, Id.1.162, Din.1.114.    5 generally, liquid, ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· οἶνος, οὖρον, ὀρός Arist.Mete.382b13, cf. Hp.Cord.12.    II part of the constellation Aquarius, Arat.399.    2 a name for the winter solstice, Paul.Al.A.4.    III Ὕδατα, τά, as the name of places with hot or mineral waters, Ὕ. Σέζτια, Lat. Aquae Sextiae, Ὕ. Νεαπολιτανά, etc., Ptol.Geog.2.10.8, 3.3.7, etc. [ῠ by nature, ὕδωρ Il. 18.347, al. (usu. with ὕ when not at end of line), ὕδατος 16.229, al., ὕδατι Od.12.363, al., ὕδατ' 13.109, and so always in Att. (exc. sts. in dactylic verse, Ar.Ra.1339); Hom. freq. has ὕδωρ (always at end of line exc. in phrase Στυγὸς ὕδωρ Il.15.37), also ὕδατος Il. 21.300,312, Od.5.475, ὕδατι Il.23.282, Od.22.439; later Ep. admits ὕδωρ more freely, A.R.4.601, so that we find ῡ in the second half of the foot in h.Cer.381, Batr.97, A.R.4.290, etc.; also in Alc.Supp.11.8.] (Cf. Skt. udán-, gen. udn-ás 'water', OE. woeter, O Norse vatn; I.-E. u(e)d- with suffix r alternating with n (ὕδ-ṇ-τος): cogn. with Skt. u-ná-t-ti (root ud-), 3pl. u-n-d-ánti 'moisten', cf. Lat. unda.)