γένος

English (LSJ)

εος or ους, τό,

   A race, stock, kin, ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γ. ἠδ' ἴα πάτρη Il.13.354; αἷμά τε καὶ γ. Od.8.583; ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἔστι γένεος βασιλεύτερον 15.533; γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν Il.6.209; γ. ἀπόλωλε τοκήων Od.4.62; ὅθι τοι γένος ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτῇ 6.35: freq. abs. in acc., ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος εἰμί from Ithaca I am by race, 15.267, cf. Il. 5.544,896, S.Ph.239, etc.; in Att. freq. with the Art., ποδαπὸς τὸ γένος εἶ ; Ar.Pax186, cf. Pl.Sph.216a: so in dat., γένει πολῖται D.23.24; γένει υἱός, opp. an adopted son, Id.44.2; οἱ ἐν γένει, = συγγενεῖς, S.OT1430; οἱ ἔξω γένους Id.Ant.660; οὐδὲν ἐν γένει Id.OT1016; γένει προσήκειν τινί X.An.1.6.1; γένει ἀπωτέρω εἶναι D. 44.13: in gen., γένους εἶναί τινος to be of his race, ἄναγνος καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου S.OT1383, cf. X.HG4.2.9; ἐγγυτέρω, ἐγγύτατα γένους, nearer, next of kin, Is.8.33, A.Supp.388.    2 direct descent, opp. collateral relationship, γένος γάρ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ συγγένεια Is.8.33; αἱ κατὰ γένος βασιλεῖαι hereditary monarchies, Arist.Pol.1285a16, 1313a10.    II offspring, even of a single descendant, σὸν γ. Il.19.124, 21.186; ἡ δ' ἄρ' ἔην θεῖον γ. οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων 6.180; ἁμὸν Οἰδίπου γ. A. Th.654; Διὸς γ., of Bacchus, S.Ant.1117 (lyr.); Τέκμησσα, δύσμορον γ. Id.Aj.784.    2 collectively, offspring, posterity, ἐκεῖνοι καὶ τὸ γ. τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνων Th.1.126; ἐξώλη ποιεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ γ. καὶ οἰκίαν D.19.71.    III generally, race, of beings, θεῶν Ar.Th.960; ἡμιθέων γ. ἀνδρῶν Il.12.23; ἡμιόνων, βοῶν γ., Il.2.852, Od.20.212; ἵππειον γ., i.e. mules, S.Ant.342; ἰχθύων πλωτὸν γ. Id.Fr.941.9.    b clan, house, family, Hdt.1.125, etc.; Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου ib.35; τοὺς ἀπὸ γένους men of noble family, Plu.Rom.21; ἱερεὺς κατὰ γ. IG 5(1).497, al.; also ἱέρεια ἀπὸ γένους, διὰ γένους, ib.607.29,602; esp. at Athens and elsewhere as a subdivision of the φρατρία, Arist.Ath. Fr.3, Pl.Alc.1.120e, etc.; = Lat.gens, D.S.4.21, Plu.Num.1.    c tribe, as a subdivision of ἔθνος, Hdt. 1.56,101.    d caste, Id.2.164.    e of animals, breed, Id.4.29.    2 age, generation, Od.3.245; γ. χρύσεον, etc., Hes.Op.109: hence, age, time of life, γένει ὕστερος Il.3.215, cf. Arist.Rh.1408a27.    IV sex, Epich.172.1, Pl.Smp.189d; gender, Arist.Rh.1407b7, Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.214, etc.    V class, sort, kind, τὰ γ. τῶν κυνῶν ἐστι δισσά X.Cyn.3.1; τὸ φιλόσοφον γ. Pl. R.501e; τὸ τῶν γεωργῶν [γ.] Id.Ti.17c, cf. R. 434b, Arist.Pol.1329a27; τῶν ἰχθυοπωλῶν γ. Xenarch.7.4; τὸ τῶν παρασίτων γ. Nicol. Com.1.1, etc.    2 in Logic, opp. εἶδος (species), Pl.Prm.129c, al., Arist.Top.102a31, 102b12, al.; τὰ γ. εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται Id.Metaph.1059b36.    3 in the animal kingdom, τὰ μέγιστα γ., = the modern Classes, such as birds, fishes, Id.HA490b7, cf. 505b26; so in the vegetable kingdom, γένη τὰ μέγιστα, = σιτώδη, χεδροπά and ἀνώνυμα, Thphr.HP8.1.1.    b genus, τὸ τῶν καρκίνων γ., τὸ τῶν περιστερῶν γ., etc., Arist.HA487b17, 488a4; τῶν δένδρων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν εἴδη πλείω τυγχάνει καθ' ἕκαστον γένος Thphr.HP1.14.3; τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους [πίτυς] καὶ πεύκη Dsc. 1.69, al.    c γένος τι a species of plant, Thphr.HP4.8.13; so later, γένη, = crops, ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις PTeb.66.43, al. (ii B. C.); οἷς ἐὰν αἱρῶμαι γένεσι πλὴν κνήκου PAmh.2.91.15 (ii A. D.); produce, POxy.727.20 (ii A. D.); materials, ib.54.16 (iii A. D.); ἐν γένεσιν in kind, opp. ἐν ἀργυρίῳ, PFay.21.10 (ii A. D.).    4 τὰ γ. the elements, Pl.Ti.54b. (Cf. Skt. jánas, gen. jánasas; Lat. genus, -eris, v. γίγνομαι.)