κακός

English (LSJ)

ή, όν,

   A bad:    I of persons,    1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Il.10.316, cf. Paus.8.49.3.    2 of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων... ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od.4.64; Ζεὺς δ' αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον . . ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ' ἐὰν . . φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή S.OT1063; κακός τ' ὢν κἀκ κακῶν ib.1397.    3 of courage, craven, base, Il.2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει 8.153, cf. Od.3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες . . ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος Id.7.11; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες ib.104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν S.Ph.1306; κακή τ' ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν E.Med.264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι X.An.3.2.31.    4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι Il. 17.487; [τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός ib.632; νομῆες Od.17.246; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar, ib.578; ἰατρός A.Pr.473; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, E.Supp. 880, Andr.457; μάγειρος Pl.Phdr.265e: c. acc. modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι I am not bad in all things, Od.8.214; κ. γνώμην S.Ph.910: also c. dat., κακοὶ γνώμαισι Id.Aj.964: c. inf., κ. μανθάνειν Id.OT545; [νῆσος] φυτεύεσθαι κακή Trag.Adesp.393; cf. 11.    5 in moral sense, base, evil, Od.11.384, Hes.Op.240; opp. Χρηστός, S.Ant.520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε Id.OT334, Ph.984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος Id.OC744; κ. πρός τινας Th.1.86; εἰς φίλους E.Or.424 codd.; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα Pl.Clit. 407c.    6 wretched, Herod.3.42.    II of things, evil, pernicious, freq. in Hom., etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, Od.10.64, Il.3.173, 13.602, 1.418, Od.2.316, Il.1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766; Χόλος, ἔρις, Il.16.206, Od.3.161; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Il.4.82, 24.767, Od.2.67, al.; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Il.9.251, Od.5.109; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Il.24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, S.Tr.328, A.Pers.354, 369, etc.; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι S.Ant.259, cf. Tr.461; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, A.Ag.657: Astrol., unlucky, τόποι Heph.Astr.1.12; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Paul.Al.M.1.    B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as Subst., evil, ill, δίδου δ' ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Od.8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι Hdt.1.65; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Pi.P.2.76, I.8(7).8; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., A.Ag.862, 1102, E.Med.447, etc.; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, Ar.Ra.552; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, S.OT640, cf. OC496; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, v. Ἰλιάς; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά to do harm or ill to any one, Il.2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ' ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει Od.14.289; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Il.2.304, Hes.Op.265; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (v. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι) ; κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Th.8.48, etc.: in Trag. freq. repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, = τὰ κάκιστα, S.OC1238 (lyr.); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν Id.OT1365 (lyr.); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά Id.OC595, cf. Ant.1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς A.Pers. 1041 (lyr.).    2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Hdt.8.61, cf.A.Th.571, S.Aj.1244,Ph.382, etc.    3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Stoic.3.18, al., Plot.1.8.1, al.    4 of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Ar.Av.931; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, ib.294.    C degrees of Comparison:    1 regul. Comp. in Ep., κακώτερος Od.6.275, 15.343, Theoc.27.22, A.R.3.421, etc.: also in late Prose, Alciphr.3.62: irreg. κακίων, ον [with ῐ], Od.2.277, Thgn.262, etc., with ῑ in Trag., exc. E.Fr.546 (anap.); κακῑότερος AP12.7 (Strato).    2 Sup. κάκιστος Hom., etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.    D Adv. κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Il.2.253, etc.; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, A.Pr.266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν And.4.11; κ. ἔχειν Ar.Ra.58, etc.; of illness, Ev.Matt.4.24; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν A.Pr.759, 1041 (anap.); Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Hdt.1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε S.Ph.1035, etc.; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Philem.Jun.2; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Mimn.7.4, Ar.Ach.503; κ. εἰδότες, = ἀγνοοῦντες, X.Cyr.2.3.13, Isoc.8.32, cf. Hyp.Eux.33; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, D.21.126: Comp. κάκιον Hdt.1.109, S.OT428, And.l.c., Pl.Mx.236a, etc.: Sup. κάκιστα Ar. Ra.1456, Pax2, Pl.R.420b, etc.    2 Adv. and Adj. freq. coupled in Trag., Att., etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν . . ἐκτρῖψαι βίον S.OT248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ E.Tr.446 (troch.); ἀπό σ' ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς Ar.Pl.65, cf. Eq.189, 190, D.32.6, Procop.Pers.1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς Ev.Matt.21.41; κακοὺς κάκιστα S.Aj.839; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται E.Tr.1055; with intervening words, κακῶς . . ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς S.Ph.1369, cf. E.Cyc.268, Ar.Eq.2. (Perh. cogn. with Avest. kasu-, Comp. kasyah-, Sup. kasišta- 'small', Lith. nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Germ. hager.)