βιω: Difference between revisions
Κινδυνεύουσι γὰρ ὅσοι τυγχάνουσιν ὀρθῶς ἁπτόμενοι φιλοσοφίας λεληθέναι τοὺς ἄλλους ὅτι οὐδὲν ἄλλο αὐτοὶ ἐπιτηδεύουσιν ἢ ἀποθνῄσκειν τε καὶ τεθνάναι → Actually, the rest of us probably haven't realized that those who manage to pursue philosophy as it should be pursued are practicing nothing else but dying and being dead (Socrates via Plato, Phaedo 64a.5)
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[live]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: [[ἐβίων]], [[βιῶναι]]; [[βείομαι]] ([[βέομαι]]) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. [[ἔδομαι]]); [[βιώσομαι]], [[ἐβίωσα]] (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), [[βεβίωκα]]. [[βιόμεσθα]] (h. Ap. 528 for <b class="b3">*βειομεθα</b>? DELG); pres. [[βιόω]] (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: [[βίος]] <b class="b2">(way of, means of) life</b>. [[βιοτή]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Od.), [[βίοτος]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.); also Cret. [[βίετος]] (below). - [[βιωτός]] [[worth living]] (Att.). [[βιώσιμος]] <b class="b2">to be lived</b> (Hdt.) - With [[δ]] from <b class="b2">*gu</b>, Heracl. [[ἐνδεδιωκότα]], if = [[ἐμβεβιωκότα]], cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>; [[Βίτων]] < <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [467] <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃</b> - [[live]]<br />Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade <b class="b2">*gʷiH-</b> is seen in Av. <b class="b2">ǰī-ti-</b>, OCS <b class="b2">ži-tь</b>, also in Lat. [[vīta]], Osc. <b class="b2">bíitam</b> (acc.); with suffix <b class="b2">-uo-</b> it is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">jīvá-</b>, OCS [[živъ]] Lat. [[vīvus]], etc. [[alive]] and in Lat.[[vīvō]], Skt. <b class="b2">jī́vati</b>, OCS <b class="b2">živǫ</b>. (The forms with short [[i]], Goth. <b class="b2">qiwa-</b>, Welsh [[byw]], may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long [[i]], as all its forms have a vowel after the root: <b class="b2">*gʷiH-o-</b> > [[βίος]], <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eto-</b> > [[βίοτος]] (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. [[βίετος]] will have <b class="b3">-ετος</b> restored; cf. for the formation [[θάνατος]]); [[ὑγιής]] < <b class="b2">*h₁su-gʷih₃-es</b> (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist [[ἐβίων]] has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix <b class="b2">-e-</b> (as in [[ἐμάνην]]): <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eh₁-</b>. - The full grade I <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃-</b> must be assumed for <b class="b3">βέ(ί)ομαι</b> (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452 ); it is also seen in Skt. <b class="b2">gáya-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">gaya-</b> [[life]] (<b class="b2">*gʷe | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[live]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: [[ἐβίων]], [[βιῶναι]]; [[βείομαι]] ([[βέομαι]]) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. [[ἔδομαι]]); [[βιώσομαι]], [[ἐβίωσα]] (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), [[βεβίωκα]]. [[βιόμεσθα]] (h. Ap. 528 for <b class="b3">*βειομεθα</b>? DELG); pres. [[βιόω]] (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: [[βίος]] <b class="b2">(way of, means of) life</b>. [[βιοτή]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Od.), [[βίοτος]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.); also Cret. [[βίετος]] (below). - [[βιωτός]] [[worth living]] (Att.). [[βιώσιμος]] <b class="b2">to be lived</b> (Hdt.) - With [[δ]] from <b class="b2">*gu</b>, Heracl. [[ἐνδεδιωκότα]], if = [[ἐμβεβιωκότα]], cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>; [[Βίτων]] < <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [467] <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃</b> - [[live]]<br />Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade <b class="b2">*gʷiH-</b> is seen in Av. <b class="b2">ǰī-ti-</b>, OCS <b class="b2">ži-tь</b>, also in Lat. [[vīta]], Osc. <b class="b2">bíitam</b> (acc.); with suffix <b class="b2">-uo-</b> it is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">jīvá-</b>, OCS [[živъ]] Lat. [[vīvus]], etc. [[alive]] and in Lat.[[vīvō]], Skt. <b class="b2">jī́vati</b>, OCS <b class="b2">živǫ</b>. (The forms with short [[i]], Goth. <b class="b2">qiwa-</b>, Welsh [[byw]], may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long [[i]], as all its forms have a vowel after the root: <b class="b2">*gʷiH-o-</b> > [[βίος]], <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eto-</b> > [[βίοτος]] (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. [[βίετος]] will have <b class="b3">-ετος</b> restored; cf. for the formation [[θάνατος]]); [[ὑγιής]] < <b class="b2">*h₁su-gʷih₃-es</b> (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist [[ἐβίων]] has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix <b class="b2">-e-</b> (as in [[ἐμάνην]]): <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eh₁-</b>. - The full grade I <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃-</b> must be assumed for <b class="b3">βέ(ί)ομαι</b> (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452 ); it is also seen in Skt. <b class="b2">gáya-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">gaya-</b> [[life]] (<b class="b2">*gʷe/oih₃-o-</b>); also ORuss. [[gojь]] [[peace]]. - The full grade II <b class="b2">*gʷieH-</b> is seen in Av. <b class="b2">ǰyā-tu-</b> [[life]] (Skt. <b class="b2">*jyā-tu-</b> reshaped, after <b class="b2">jívati</b>, in <b class="b2">jīvā́tu-</b>); from this root form prob. Gr. [[ζωϜός]] (not from the zero grade of the root). This root form seems also found in Gr. <b class="b3">ζώ-ω</b>, <b class="b3">ζῆ-ν</b>, s. s. [[ζώω]] (so Schwebeablaut cannot be avoided (pace Anttila, PIE Schwebeablaut 1969, 137). Difficult are Arm. <b class="b2">kea-m</b> [[I live]] (see LIV) and Toch. B <b class="b2">śaw-</b>. | ||
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Latest revision as of 08:55, 1 November 2021
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: v.
Meaning: live (Il.).
Other forms: ἐβίων, βιῶναι; βείομαι (βέομαι) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. ἔδομαι); βιώσομαι, ἐβίωσα (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), βεβίωκα. βιόμεσθα (h. Ap. 528 for *βειομεθα? DELG); pres. βιόω (Arist.).
Derivatives: βίος (way of, means of) life. βιοτή f. id. (Od.), βίοτος m. id. (Il.); also Cret. βίετος (below). - βιωτός worth living (Att.). βιώσιμος to be lived (Hdt.) - With δ from *gu, Heracl. ἐνδεδιωκότα, if = ἐμβεβιωκότα, cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN Βιο-; Βίτων < Βιο-.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [467] *gʷeih₃ - live
Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade *gʷiH- is seen in Av. ǰī-ti-, OCS ži-tь, also in Lat. vīta, Osc. bíitam (acc.); with suffix -uo- it is seen in Skt. jīvá-, OCS živъ Lat. vīvus, etc. alive and in Lat.vīvō, Skt. jī́vati, OCS živǫ. (The forms with short i, Goth. qiwa-, Welsh byw, may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long i, as all its forms have a vowel after the root: *gʷiH-o- > βίος, *gʷih₃-eto- > βίοτος (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. βίετος will have -ετος restored; cf. for the formation θάνατος); ὑγιής < *h₁su-gʷih₃-es (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist ἐβίων has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix -e- (as in ἐμάνην): *gʷih₃-eh₁-. - The full grade I *gʷeih₃- must be assumed for βέ(ί)ομαι (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452 ); it is also seen in Skt. gáya-, Av. gaya- life (*gʷe/oih₃-o-); also ORuss. gojь peace. - The full grade II *gʷieH- is seen in Av. ǰyā-tu- life (Skt. *jyā-tu- reshaped, after jívati, in jīvā́tu-); from this root form prob. Gr. ζωϜός (not from the zero grade of the root). This root form seems also found in Gr. ζώ-ω, ζῆ-ν, s. s. ζώω (so Schwebeablaut cannot be avoided (pace Anttila, PIE Schwebeablaut 1969, 137). Difficult are Arm. kea-m I live (see LIV) and Toch. B śaw-.
