φύω

English (LSJ)

Il.6.148, etc.; Aeol. φυίω fort. leg. in Alc.97: impf. ἔφυον, Ep.3sg.

   A φύεν Il.14.347: fut. φύσω [ῡ] 1.235, S.OT438: aor. ἔφῡσα Od.10.393, etc.:—Pass. and Med., 9.109, Pi.O.4.28, etc.: fut. φύσομαι A.Pr.871, Hp.Mochl.42, Pl.Lg.831a, etc.: similar in sense are the intr. tenses, pf. πέφῡκα Od.7.114, etc., Ep.3pl. πεφύᾱσι Il.4.484, Od.7.128; 3sg. subj. πεφύῃ (ἐμ-) Thgn.396; Ep. part. fem. πεφυυῖα (ἐμ-) Il.1.513, acc. pl. πεφυῶτας Od.5.477; Dor. inf. πεφύκειν Epich.173.3: plpf. ἐπεφύκειν X.Cyr.5.1.9, Pl.Ti. 69e; Ep. πεφύκειν Il.4.109; Ep. 3pl. ἐπέφῡκον Hes.Th.152, Op.149: aor. 2 ἔφῡν (as if from φῦμι) Od.10.397, etc.: Ep. 3sg. φῦ Il.6.253, etc., 3pl. ἔφυν (for ἔφῡσαν, which is also 3pl. of aor. 1) Od.5.481, etc.; subj. φύω or φυῶ E.Fr.377.2, Pl.R.415c, 597c, Hp.Carn.12; 3sg. opt. φύη Theoc.15.94, (συμ-) Sor.2.89; inf. φῦναι, Ep. φύμεναι Theoc. 25.39, φῦν Parm.8.10; part. φύς Od.18.410, etc., Boeot. fem. φοῦσα Corinn.21: ἔφυσεν, = ἔφυ, dub. in IG14.2126.5 (Rome); conversely ἔφυ, = ἔφυσεν, ib.3.1350, Sammelb.5883 (Cyrene): later, fut. φυήσω LXXIs.37.31, Pass. φυήσομαι Gp.2.37.1, Them.Or.21.248c (in Luc. JTr.19 ἀναφύσεσθαι is restored): aor. 2 Pass. ἐφύην J.AJ18.1.1, prob. in BSA28.124 (Didyma), (ἀν-) Thphr.HP4.16.2; inf. φυῆναι Dsc.2.6, (ἀνα-) D.S.1.7; part. φῠείς Hp.Nat.Puer.22, Trag.Adesp. 529, PTeb.787.30 (ii B. C.), Ev.Luc.8.6: aor. 1 Pass. συμ-φυθείς Gal. 7.725. [Generally ῠ before a vowel, Ep., Trag. (A.Th.535, S.Fr. 910.2), etc., ῡ before a consonant; but φῡει Trag.Adesp.454.2, φῡεται S.Fr.88.4, Trag.Adesp.543 ( = Men.565); φῡομεν Ar.Av.106; ἐφῡετο prob. in Ar.Fr.680, cf. Nic.Al.14, D.P.941, 1013; even in thesi, προσφῡονται Nic.Al.506, φῡουσιν D.P.1031; also in compds.]    A trans., in pres., fut., and aor. 1 Act.:—bring forth, produce, put forth, φύλλα . . ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει Il.6.148; τοῖσι δ' ὑπὸ χθὼν δῖα φύεν νεοθηλέα ποίην 14.347, cf. 1.235, Od.7.119, etc.; ἄμπελον φύει βροτοῖς E.Ba.651; so τρίχες... ἃς πρὶν ἔφυσεν φάρμακον made the hair grow, Od.10.393, cf. A.Th.535; φ. χεῖρε, πόδε, ὀφθαλμὰ ἀνθρώποις X.Mem.2.3.19; of a country, καρπόν τε θωμαστὸν φύειν καὶ ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Hdt.9.122; ὅσα γῆ φύει Pl.R.621a, cf. Anaxag.4.    2 beget, engender, E.Ph.869, etc.; Ἄτλας . . θεῶν μιᾶς ἔφυσε Μαῖαν E. Ion3, cf. Trag.Adesp.454.2; so of God creating man, Antipho 4.1.2, cf. Plu.2.1065c; ὁ φύσας the begetter, father (opp. ὁ φύς the son, v. infr. B.1.2), S.OT1019, Ar.V.1472 (lyr.); ὁ φ. πατήρ E.Hel.87; ὁ φ. χἠ τεκοῦσα Id.Alc.290; τὴν τεκοῦσαν ἢ τὸν φύσαντα Lys.10.8; of both parents, γονεῦσι οἵ σ' ἔφυσαν S.OT436; οἱ φύσαντες E.Ph.34, cf. Fr. 403.2; φ. τε καὶ γεννᾶν Pl.Plt.274a; ὦ γάμοι γάμοι, ἐφύσαθ' ἡμᾶς S.OT 1404; ἥδ' ἡμέρα φύσει σε will bring to light thy birth, ib.438; χρόνος φύει τ' ἄδηλα καὶ φανέντα κρύπτεται Id.Aj.647.    3 of individuals in reference to the growth of parts of themselves, φ. πώγωνα, γλῶσσαν, κέρεα, grow or get a beard, etc., Hdt.8.104, 2.68, 4.29; φ. πτερά Ar. Av.106, Pl.Phdr.251c; σάρκα Id.Ti.74e; φ. τρίχας, πόδας καὶ πτερά, etc., Arist.HA518a33, 554a29, etc.: for the joke in φύειν φράτερας, v. φράτηρ.    4 metaph., φρένας φῦσαι get understanding, S.OC 804, El.1463 (but also θεοὶ φύουσιν ἀνθρώποις φρένας Id.Ant.683): prov., ἁλιεὺς πληγεὶς νοῦν φύσει 'once bit, twice shy', Sch.Pl.Smp. 222b; γέροντα τὸν νοῦν σάρκα δ' ἡβῶσαν φύει A.Th.622; δόξαν φῦσαι get glory or to form a high opinion of oneself, Hdt.5.91; θεὸς . . αἰτίαν φύει βροτοῖς A.Niob.in PSI11.1208.15; αὑτῷ πόνους φῦσαι S. Ant.647.    II in pres. seemingly intr., put forth shoots, εἰς ἔτος ἄλλο φύοντι Mosch.3.101; δρύες . . φύοντι Theoc.7.75, cf. 4.24: so ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει ἡ δ' ἀπολήγει one generation is putting forth scions, the other is ceasing to do so, Il.6.149; ἐν στήθεσι φύει (fort. φυίει) grows up, appears, Alc.97; ῥίζα ἄνω φύουσα ἐν χολῇ LXXDe. 29.18.    B Pass., with intr. tenses of Act., aor. 2, pf. and plpf., grow, wax, spring up or forth, esp. of the vegetable world, θάμνος ἔφυ ἐλαίης Od.23.190, cf. 5.481; πρασιαὶ παντοῖαι πεφύασιν 7.128; τά γ' ἄσπαρτα φύονται 9.109, cf. Il.4.483, 14.288, 21.352; φύεται αὐτόματα ῥόδα Hdt.8.138, cf. 1.193; ὑπὸ φηγῷ πεφυκυίῃ growing there, Id.2.56; πεφυκότα δένδρα trees growing there, X.Cyr.4.3.5; τὰ φυόμενα καὶ τὰ γιγνόμενα Pl.Cra.410d, cf. Phd.110d, Plt.272a; τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει from his head grew horns sixteen palms long, Il.4.109, cf. Hdt.1.108, 3.133; φύονται πολιαί Pi.O.4.28; κεφαλαὶ πεφυκυῖαι θριξί grown with hair, D.S.2.50 (s. v.l.); πέφυκε λίθος ἐν αὐτῇ is produced, X.Vect.1.4: metaph., νόσημα ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ φυόμενον, φυομένη πόλις, Pl.R.564b, Lg.757d; ὁ σπέρμα παρασχών, οὗτος τῶν φύντων αἴτιος [κακῶν] of the things produced, D.18.159; also κατὰ πάντων ἐφύετο waxed great by or upon their depression, ib. 19. —In this sense aor. 2 is rare (v. supr.), exc. in phrases such as ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί (v. ἐμφύω), Od.2.302.    2 of persons, to be begotten or born, most freq. in aor. 2 and pf., ὁ λωφήσων οὐ πέφυκέ πω A.Pr. 27; τίς ἂν εὔξαιτο βροτὸς ὢν ἀσινεῖ δαίμονι φῦναι; Id.Ag.1342 (anap.); μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον not to be born is best, S.OC1224 (lyr.); γονῇ πεφυκὼς . . γεραιτέρᾳ ib.1294; οὐχ ὑπὸ θυσιῶν οὐδ' ὑπὸ εὐχῶν φύς Pl.R.461a; φύς τε καὶ τραφείς ib.396c; μήπω φῦναι μηδὲ γενέσθαι X.Cyr.5.1.7, cf. Pl.Smp.197a: construed with gen., πεφμκέναι or φῦναί τινος to be born or descended from any one, τὸ κοινὸν σπλάγχνον οὗ πεφύκαμεν A.Th.1036, cf. S.OC1379, etc.; θνατᾶς ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ Pi.Fr.61, cf. S.OT1359 (lyr.), Ant.562; ἀπ' εὐγενοῦς ῥίζης E.IT610; ἀπὸ δρυός Pl.Ap.34d, etc.; φ. ἔκ τινος S.OT 458, E.Heracl.325, Pl.R.415c, etc.; ἐκ χώρας τινός Isoc.4.24, etc.; οἱ μετ' ἐκείνου φύντες, opp. οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου γεγονότες, Is.8.30; ἐκ θεῶν γεγονότι . . διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκότι X.Cyr.7.2.24.    II in pres., become, οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς οὔτε φύεται πρὸς χρήμαθ' οἵ τε φύντες . . S.Fr. 88.4; πιστοὺς φύσει φύεσθαι X.Cyr.8.7.13; the pf. and aor. 2 take a pres. sense, to be so and so by nature, κακός, σοφός πέφυκα (-κώς), etc., S.Ph.558, 1244, etc.; δρᾶν ἔφυν ἀμήχανος Id.Ant.79; φύντ' ἀρετᾷ born for virtue, i.e. brave and good by nature, Pi.O.10(11).20; so of things, τὸ μὲν εὖ πράσσειν ἀκόρεστον ἔφυ A.Ag.1331 (anap.), cf. Pl.Grg.479d, etc.; εὐχροώτεροι ὁρῷντο ἢ πεφύκασιν X.Cyr.8.1.41, cf. Oec.10.2; [τὸ πῦρ] πέφυκε τοιοῦτον Id.Cyr.5.1.10; τἄλλα ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, ὅπως ἔτυχε, πέφυκεν D.37.56: with Advs., ἱκανῶς πεφυκότες of good natural ability, Antipho 2.1.1; δυσκόλως πεφ. Isoc.9.6; οὕτως πεφ. X.HG7.1.7; also οἱ καλῶς πεφυκότες S.El.989, cf. Lys.2.20; οἱ βέλτιστα φύντες Pl.R.431c: then, simply, to be so and so, φῦναι Ζηνὶ πιστὸν ἄγγελον A.Pr.969; θεοῦ μήτηρ ἔφυς Id.Pers.157 (troch.); γυναῖκε . . ἔφυμεν S.Ant.62; Ἅιδης ὁ παύσων ἔφυ ib.575; ἁπλοῦς ὁ μῦθος τῆς ἀληθείας ἔφυ E.Ph.469: c. part., νικᾶν . . χρῄζων ἔφυν S.Ph. 1052; πρέπων ἔφυς . . φωνεῖν Id.OT9, cf. 587; τοῦτο ἴδιον ἔφυμεν ἔχοντες Isoc.4.48, cf. 11.41, X.Smp.4.54.    2 c. inf., to be formed or disposed by nature to do so and so, τὰ δεύτερα πέφυκε κρατεῖν Pi.Fr.279; πολλῷ γ' ἀμείνων τοὺς πέλας φρενοῦν ἔφυς ἢ σαυτόν A.Pr.337; ἔφυν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐκ τέχνης πράσσειν κακῆς S.Ph.88, cf. Ant.688; φύσει μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Id.Ph.79; πεφύκασι δ' ἅπαντες . . ἁμαρτάνειν Th.3.45, cf. 2.64, 3.39, 4.61, etc.; πέφυκε . . τρυφὴ . . ἦθος διαφθείρειν Jul.Or.1.15c.    3 with Preps., γυνὴ . . ἐπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ is by nature prone to tears, E.Med.928; ἔρως γὰρ ἀργόν, κἀπὶ τοῖς ἀργοῖς ἔφυ is inclined to idleness, Id.Fr.322; also ἐπί τι Pl.R.507e; εἴς τι Aeschin.3.132; most freq. πρός τι, οἱ ἄνθρωποι πρὸς τὸ ἀληθὲς πεφύκασι Arist.Rh.1355a16; εὖ πρὸς ἀρετὴν πεφυκότες X. Mem.4.1.2; πρὸς πόλεμον μᾶλλον . . ἢ πρὸς εἰρήνην Pl.R.547e; κάλλιστα φ. πρός τι X.HG7.1.3, etc.; also πρός τινι Id.Ath.2.19 (s. v.l., cf. Plb.9.29.10); also εὖ πεφ. κατά τι D.37.55.    4 c. dat., fall to one by nature, be one's natural lot, πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μόρος S.El. 860 (lyr.); χαίρειν πέφυκεν οὐχὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀεί Id.Tr.440; ἐφύετο κοινὸς πᾶσι κίνδυνος D.60.18, cf. X.Cyr.4.3.19.    5 impers., it is natural, it happens naturally, c. inf., D.14.30, Arist.Pol.1261b7, Po. 1450a1.    6 abs., ὡς πέφυκε as is natural, X.Cyn.6.15, al.; ᾗ πέφυκεν Pl.Ti.81e; also expressed personally, τοῖς ἁπλῶς, ὡς πεφυκασι, βαδίζουσι D.45.68: also freq. in part., τὰ φύσει πεφυκότα the order of nature, Lys.2.29; φύντα, opp. ὁμολογηθέντα, Antipho Soph. 44Ai 32 (Vorsokr.5); ἄνθρωπος πεφυκώς man as he is, X.Cyr.1.1.3. (Cf. Skt. bhū- 'to be, become', Lith. búti 'to be', Lat. fui, Eng. be, etc.)

See also

Οὔτοι συνέχθειν, ἀλλὰ συμφιλεῖν ἔφυν I was not born to hate, but to love | Tis not my nature to join in hating, but in loving Sophocles, Antigone 523