ἆρα: Difference between revisions
ἢν μή τις ὥσπερ σφηκιὰν βλίττῃ με κἀρεθίζῃ → may no one squeeze me and tease me like a wasp | may no one smoke me and tease me like a wasp | but if anyone annoys me and rifles my nest, they'll find a wasp inside | still if you wake a wasps' nest then of wasps you must beware
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|Definition=interrog. Particle, implying <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">anxiety</b> or <b class="b2">impatience</b>, = Ep. and Lyr. <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in <span class="bibl">D.35.44</span> a <b class="b2">negative</b> answer is implied in the question <b class="b3">ἆρ' ἂν οἴεσθε</b> . . ; but an <b class="b2">affirmative</b> in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.4</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἆρ' εὐτυχεῖς . . ἢ δυστυχεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>424</span>.—To make it plainly neg., we have <b class="b3">ἆ. μή</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>208</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>64c</span>; and to make it plainly affirmative, <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐ; ἆρ' οὐχί</b>; <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>791</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>540</span>; <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐχ οὕτως</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>11d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. οὖν;</b> is used to draw an affirmative inference, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>477a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>; also when a neg. answer is expected, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159b</span>; with a neg., <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὖν οὐ</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>263a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in <b class="b3">ἆρά γε</b>, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>546</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> less freq. with <b class="b3">τίς</b> interrog., τίνος ποτ' ἆρ' ἔπραξε χειρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>905</span>; <b class="b3">τίδ' ἆρ' ἐγὼ σέ</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1228</span>; τίς ἆρ' ὁ φεύγων; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>893</span>; with <b class="b3">ἤν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>118</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in indirect questions, <b class="b3">σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>70e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>204b3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Poets sts. like [[ἄρα]], <span class="bibl">Archil.86</span>,<span class="bibl">89</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>3</span>; τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>297</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">435</span>; τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ' ὑφειστήκει λόχος <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>1114</span>: in exclamations, βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ' ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>738</span>; ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>566</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1229</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1086</span>; ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ' ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>931</span>; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆ. κινήσειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>347</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> In Prose, <b class="b3">ἆ</b>. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467e</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>2.61c</span>: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>.</span> | |Definition=interrog. Particle, implying <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">anxiety</b> or <b class="b2">impatience</b>, = Ep. and Lyr. <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in <span class="bibl">D.35.44</span> a <b class="b2">negative</b> answer is implied in the question <b class="b3">ἆρ' ἂν οἴεσθε</b> . . ; but an <b class="b2">affirmative</b> in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.4</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἆρ' εὐτυχεῖς . . ἢ δυστυχεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>424</span>.—To make it plainly neg., we have <b class="b3">ἆ. μή</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>208</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>64c</span>; and to make it plainly affirmative, <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐ; ἆρ' οὐχί</b>; <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>791</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>540</span>; <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐχ οὕτως</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>11d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. οὖν;</b> is used to draw an affirmative inference, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>477a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>; also when a neg. answer is expected, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159b</span>; with a neg., <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὖν οὐ</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>263a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in <b class="b3">ἆρά γε</b>, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>546</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> less freq. with <b class="b3">τίς</b> interrog., τίνος ποτ' ἆρ' ἔπραξε χειρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>905</span>; <b class="b3">τίδ' ἆρ' ἐγὼ σέ</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1228</span>; τίς ἆρ' ὁ φεύγων; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>893</span>; with <b class="b3">ἤν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>118</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> in indirect questions, <b class="b3">σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ</b> . . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>70e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>204b3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Poets sts. like [[ἄρα]], <span class="bibl">Archil.86</span>,<span class="bibl">89</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>3</span>; τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>297</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">435</span>; τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ' ὑφειστήκει λόχος <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>1114</span>: in exclamations, βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ' ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>738</span>; ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>566</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1229</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1086</span>; ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ' ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>931</span>; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆ. κινήσειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>347</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> In Prose, <b class="b3">ἆ</b>. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467e</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>2.61c</span>: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0342.png Seite 342]] (dasselbe Wort mit verstärktem Ton), Fragepartikel, Pind. u. Att., worauf meist eine verneinende Antwort erwartet wird; häufig noch durch μή verstärkt, so daß ἆρα μή; doch wohl nicht? = μῶν ist, u. darauf οὐκ ἔστι geantwortet wird, Soph. El. 433; zuweilen hat eine solche Frage einen ironischen Anstrich: doch nicht gar? – ἆρ' οὐ läßt aber eine bejahende Antwort erwarten, Plat. Prot. 330 c 354 a u. sonst: zuweilen auch das bloße ἆρα, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 4. 7, 5, 40. Es fängt auch eine Doppelfrage an, so daß ἤ folgt, Plat. Phaed. 91 d Conv. 199 d; – ἆρ' οὖν οὐ παντὶ δῆλον Plat. Phaedr. 263 a, ist es nun nicht also? wird wie οὕκουν auch in affirmativen Sätzen gebraucht, so daß die Frage zurücktritt, vgl. Gorg 477 a u. Herm. zu Soph. Ant. 826; ἆρ' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἡμῖν ἐναντιώσεται Xen. An. 7, 6, 5. – Oft geht die Frage in eine Betheuerung über, ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος Eur. Phoen. 569; vgl. Valck. – In Prosa steht ἆρα stets im Anfang des Satzes; bei Dichtern wird es auch nachgesetzt, vgl. Soph. Ant. 628 Ai. 726. Ueber die Vertauschung mit ἄρα bei Dichtern s. Herm. praef. O. C. p XVI ff. der die einfache Bdtg <b class="b2">also</b> dem ἆρα abspricht; vgl. jedoch Ar. Vesp. 839 Av. 91; Eur. Phoen. 1669; Soph. El. 1170 Ai. 959; – ἆρά γε vrbdt Xen. Mem. 1, 5, 4. 3, 2, 6 u. sonst; Dem. 17, 18; D. Hal. 4, 80. | |||
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Revision as of 19:25, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
interrog. Particle, implying
A anxiety or impatience, = Ep. and Lyr. ἦ ῥα: 1 alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in D.35.44 a negative answer is implied in the question ἆρ' ἂν οἴεσθε . . ; but an affirmative in X.Cyr.4.6.4 ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς; cf. ἆρ' εὐτυχεῖς . . ἢ δυστυχεῖς; E.Ph.424.—To make it plainly neg., we have ἆ. μή . . ; A.Th.208, Pl.Phd.64c; and to make it plainly affirmative, ἆρ' οὐ; ἆρ' οὐχί; S. OC791, OT540; ἆρ' οὐχ οὕτως; Pl.Phlb.11d. 2 ἆ. οὖν; is used to draw an affirmative inference, Id.Grg.477a, La.190b; also when a neg. answer is expected, Id.Chrm.159b; with a neg., ἆρ' οὖν οὐ . . ; Id.Phdr.263a, etc. 3 in ἆρά γε, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, Ar.Pl.546, X.Mem.1.5.4, etc. 4 less freq. with τίς interrog., τίνος ποτ' ἆρ' ἔπραξε χειρί S.Aj.905; τίδ' ἆρ' ἐγὼ σέ; E.IA1228; τίς ἆρ' ὁ φεύγων; Ar.V.893; with ἤν, E.Rh.118. 5 in indirect questions, σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ . . . Pl.Phd.70e, cf. R.526c, al., Arist.Ph.204b3, etc. II in Poets sts. like ἄρα, Archil.86,89, Pi.P.4.78, Ar.V.3; τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι; A.Ch.297, cf.435; τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ' ὑφειστήκει λόχος E. Andr.1114: in exclamations, βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ' ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν S.Aj.738; ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος E.Ph.566, cf.El.1229, Hipp.1086; ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ' ἦν Id.Fr.931; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆ. κινήσειν Ar.Nu. 1301, cf. Ach.347. B In Prose, ἆ. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. Pl.Grg.467e; καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ. . . Jul.Or.2.61c: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. 1.4,11.
German (Pape)
[Seite 342] (dasselbe Wort mit verstärktem Ton), Fragepartikel, Pind. u. Att., worauf meist eine verneinende Antwort erwartet wird; häufig noch durch μή verstärkt, so daß ἆρα μή; doch wohl nicht? = μῶν ist, u. darauf οὐκ ἔστι geantwortet wird, Soph. El. 433; zuweilen hat eine solche Frage einen ironischen Anstrich: doch nicht gar? – ἆρ' οὐ läßt aber eine bejahende Antwort erwarten, Plat. Prot. 330 c 354 a u. sonst: zuweilen auch das bloße ἆρα, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 4. 7, 5, 40. Es fängt auch eine Doppelfrage an, so daß ἤ folgt, Plat. Phaed. 91 d Conv. 199 d; – ἆρ' οὖν οὐ παντὶ δῆλον Plat. Phaedr. 263 a, ist es nun nicht also? wird wie οὕκουν auch in affirmativen Sätzen gebraucht, so daß die Frage zurücktritt, vgl. Gorg 477 a u. Herm. zu Soph. Ant. 826; ἆρ' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἡμῖν ἐναντιώσεται Xen. An. 7, 6, 5. – Oft geht die Frage in eine Betheuerung über, ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος Eur. Phoen. 569; vgl. Valck. – In Prosa steht ἆρα stets im Anfang des Satzes; bei Dichtern wird es auch nachgesetzt, vgl. Soph. Ant. 628 Ai. 726. Ueber die Vertauschung mit ἄρα bei Dichtern s. Herm. praef. O. C. p XVI ff. der die einfache Bdtg also dem ἆρα abspricht; vgl. jedoch Ar. Vesp. 839 Av. 91; Eur. Phoen. 1669; Soph. El. 1170 Ai. 959; – ἆρά γε vrbdt Xen. Mem. 1, 5, 4. 3, 2, 6 u. sonst; Dem. 17, 18; D. Hal. 4, 80.
