πρό: Difference between revisions
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Φίλον δι' ὀργὴν ἐν κακοῖσι μὴ προδῷς → Amicum ob iram deserere cave in malis → Verrate einen Freund nicht in der Not aus Zorn
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|Definition=<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">before, forth</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> PREP. WITH GENIT.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before, in front of</b>, ἠγερέθοντο π. ἄστεος <span class="bibl">Od.24.468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.15.351</span>, etc.; π. πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον <span class="bibl">19.292</span>; κείνους κιχησόμεθα π. πυλάων <span class="bibl">10.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.80</span>, etc.; φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε π. νεῶν <span class="bibl">18.172</span>; πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι π. <span class="bibl">8.561</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.581</span>, etc.; κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι π. <span class="bibl">Il.3.3</span>; π. τειχέων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.56</span>; <b class="b3">ἔμπροσθε π</b>. (v.l.) τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, ὄπισθε δὲ τῶν πυλέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.52</span>; <b class="b3">π. δόμων, π. δωμάτων</b>, <b class="b2">in front of</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">outside</b> the house, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.18</span>, <span class="bibl">5.96</span>, etc.; π. θυρῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>109</span> (anap.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὴν π. τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον</b> <b class="b2">before</b> or <b class="b2">off</b> the Heraeum, <span class="bibl">Th.3.75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.22</span>; <b class="b3">π. ποδός</b>, v. [[πούς]] <span class="bibl">1.4a</span>; <b class="b3">π. χειρῶν</b> <b class="b2">at</b> hand, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1279</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Rh.</span>274</span>, dub. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1207</span>; π. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν προφαίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.148</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with Vbs. of motion, π. δ' ἄρ' αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν <span class="bibl">Od. 19.435</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.23.115</span>; π. Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει <span class="bibl">10.286</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.693</span>; π. ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας <span class="bibl">5.96</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">before, in front of</b>, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, π. Τρώων ἑσταότ' <span class="bibl">Il.24.215</span>: hence, <b class="b2">in defence of</b>, μάχεσθαι . . π. τε παίδων καὶ π. γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">8.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.156</span>, <span class="bibl">373</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.74</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀλέσθαι π. πόληος</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">pro patria mori</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.22.110</span>; π. τῆς Σπάρτης ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172</span>,<span class="bibl">9.72</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>18</span>, <span class="bibl">645</span>, etc.; π. τοῦ θανόντος . . ἔθεσθ' ἐπιστροφήν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>134</span>; διακινδυνεῦσαι π. βασιλέως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.4</span>; <b class="b3">βουλεύεσθαι, πράττειν π. τινός</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1.6.42</span>, <span class="bibl">4.5.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.7</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοξευμάτων</b> <b class="b2">as a defence against</b> arrows, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.18</span>: hence also, <b class="b2">for, on behalf of, instead of</b>, <b class="b3">ἀγρυπνῆσαι π. τινῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.6.36</span>, cf. <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.43; of an advocate, π. τῶνδε φωνεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>811</span>; <b class="b3">ὄτι δέ κ' αὐτὸς π. Ειαυτοῦ [ἀμάρτῃ</b>] whatever offence he commits <b class="b2">of</b> his own <b class="b2">volition</b>, Kohler-Ziebarth <b class="b2">Stadtrecht von Gortyn</b> <span class="bibl">p.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο</b> <b class="b2">further on</b> the road, i.e. <b class="b2">forwards, onward</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.382</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>3.16</span>,<span class="bibl">7.29</span> (v. <b class="b3">φροῦδος</b>): also to denote <b class="b2">distance</b>, π. πολλοῦ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">D.H.9.35</span>; π. τριάκοντα σταδίων <b class="b2">at a distance of</b> <span class="bibl">30</span> stades, <span class="bibl">Str.8.6.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ἠοῦς, π. ἑσπέρης τοῦ βωμοῦ</b>, east<b class="b2">wards</b>, west<b class="b2">wards</b> of. ., <span class="title">IG</span>7.235.45 (Orop., iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b2">before</b>, π. γάμοιο <span class="bibl">Od.15.524</span>; ἠῶθι π. <span class="bibl">5.469</span>; <b class="b3">π. ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν</b> one <b class="b2">before</b> the other, <span class="bibl">Il.10.224</span>; more freq. in later writers, π. τῶν Τρωικῶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>; π. τοῦ θανεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>883</span>; π. τοῦ θανάτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>; π. τοῦ λοιμοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>201d</span>; π. δείπνου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.5.39</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἡμέρας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.5.14</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ χρῆσθαι</b> <b class="b2">before</b> one uses it, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">π. μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς</b> <b class="b2">before</b> my doom, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1266</span>; π. τῆς εἱμαρμένης <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.21</span>; π. τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.126</span>, cf. 124; <b class="b3">π. πολλοῦ</b> long <b class="b2">before</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.130</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. μικροῦ, π. ὀλίγου</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>2.116</span>; ὀλίγον π. τούτων <span class="bibl">Th.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τοῦ</b> (v.l. [[τούτου]]) ib.<span class="bibl">15</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ</b> (sts. written <b class="b3">προτοῦ</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1204</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">5.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>418</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>; ὁ π. τοῦ χρόνος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>462</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.58</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ ἤ</b>, = [[πρὶν ἤ]], <span class="title">IG</span>7.2225.22 (Thisbe); οἱ π. ἡμῶν γενόμενοι <span class="bibl">Isoc.13.19</span>; οἱ π. ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.1.97</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in later writers freq. with Numerals, <b class="b3">π. τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν</b> thirty days <b class="b2">before</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>5.52</span>; π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>63</span>; π. ἐνιαυτοῦ Id.2.147e; π. δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ἢ ἐτελεύτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sull.</span>37</span>: freq. c. dupl. gen., <b class="b3">π. δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, π. δύο ὡρῶν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Am.</span>1.1</span>, Dsc.1.64; <b class="b3">π. ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.1</span>, Plu. 2.717d; π. πολλοῦ τῆς ἑορτῆς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sat.</span>14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in rendering Roman dates, <b class="b3">τῇ π. μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων</b>, = <b class="b2">pridie Non. Oct</b>., Plu.2.203a, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> in other relations: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Preference, <b class="b2">before, rather than</b>, <b class="b3">κέρδος αἰνῆσαι π. δίκας</b> to praise sleight <b class="b2">before</b> right, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.140</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>361e</span>; <b class="b3">πᾶν δὴ βουλόμενοι σφίσι εἶναι π. τῆς παρεούσης λύπης</b> anything <b class="b2">before, rather than</b>, their actual trouble, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.152</span> (so, <b class="b2">in order to avoid</b>, π. τοῦ δεινοτάτου <span class="bibl">D.54.19</span>); πᾶν π. τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.5.100</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">4.59</span>; <b class="b3">ἑλέσθαι, αἱρεῖσθαι</b>, or <b class="b3">κρῖναί τι π. τινός</b> to choose one <b class="b2">before</b> another, <span class="bibl">Id.5.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>366b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>57e</span>; <b class="b3">π. πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι</b> to esteem <b class="b2">above</b> much, i.e. very highly, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.138</span>; π. πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμήσασθαί τι <span class="bibl">Th.1.33</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.10</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄλλων</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> others, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>249e</span> (v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>1002</span>; <b class="b3">δυσδαίμων . . π. πασᾶν γυναικῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">927</span> (codd., lyr.); π. πάντων θεῶν τῇ Ἑστίᾳ πρώτῃ προθύειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 401d</span>: after a Comp. it is redundant, ἡ τυραννὶς π. ἐλευθερίης ἀσπαστότερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.62</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>54b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>99a</span>; for <b class="b3">ἤ</b> after ἄλλος, οὐδεὶς ἄλλος π. σεῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Cause or Motive, <b class="b2">for, from</b>, <b class="b3">π. φόβοιο</b> <b class="b2">for</b> fear, <span class="bibl">Il.17.667</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθλεύων π. ἄνακτος</b> toiling <b class="b2">before the face of</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">in</b> his <b class="b2">service</b>, <span class="bibl">24.734</span>; <b class="b3">π. τῶνδε</b> there <b class="b2">fore</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>495</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: words may be put between <b class="b3">π</b>. and its case, <span class="bibl">Il.23.115</span>; but it does not follow its case, exc. after Ep.forms in <b class="b3">-θι, Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό</b> (v. supr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> <b class="b3">πρό</b>, abs. as ADV.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐπί</b> (<b class="b2">after</b>), <span class="bibl">Il. 13.799</span>, <span class="bibl">800</span>; <b class="b2">before, in front</b>, <span class="bibl">15.360</span>; <b class="b2">forth, forward</b>, ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε π. φόωσδε <span class="bibl">19.118</span>; <b class="b3">χωρεῖν π. δόμων</b> to come <b class="b2">forth</b> from, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>960</span> (lyr.); ἄγειν τινὰ π. δόμων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>59</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">γῆν π. γῆς ἐλαύνομαι</b> I am driven <b class="b2">on</b> from one land to another, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>682</span>; διώκειν γῆν π. γῆς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>235</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b2">before</b>, πρό οἱ εἴπομεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.37</span>; <b class="b2">earlier</b>, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα π. τ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>32</span>,<span class="bibl">38</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Preps., <b class="b3">ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό</b>, it strengthens the first Prep., or adds to it the notion of <b class="b2">forward, forth</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> <b class="b3">πρό</b> IN COMPOS. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> with Substs., to denote </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">position before</b> or <b class="b2">in front</b>, <b class="b3">πρόδομος, προάστιον, πρόθυρον, προπύλαια</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">priority of rank</b>, <b class="b3">πρόεδρος, προεδρία</b>, etc.: also <b class="b2">priority of order</b>, <b class="b3">προάγων, πρόλογος, προοίμιον, προπάτωρ</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> standing <b class="b2">in</b> another's <b class="b2">place</b>, <b class="b3">πρόμαντις, πρόξενος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with Adjs., to denote </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">proximity</b>, <b class="b3">πρόχειρος;</b> and <b class="b2">readiness</b>, <b class="b3">πρόθυμος, πρόφρων</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">away</b> (cf. 111.3 infr.), <b class="b3">προθέλυμνος, πρόρριζος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">prematureness</b>, <b class="b3">πρόμοιρος, πρόωρος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">intensity</b>, <b class="b3">πρόπας, πρόπαρ, προπάροιθε;</b> so also <b class="b3">πρόκακος, πρόπαλαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with Verbs, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before, forwards</b>, <b class="b3">προβαίνω, προβάλλω, προτίθημι</b>, etc.: also, <b class="b2">before, in defence</b>, <b class="b3">προκινδυνεύω, προμάχομαι</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">forth</b>, <b class="b3">προέλκω, προφέρω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">publicly</b>, <b class="b3">προγράφω, προειπεῖν, πρόκειμαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">away</b>, <b class="b3">προδίδωμι, προϊάλλω, προϊάπτω, προΐημι, προλείπω, προρέω, προτέμνω, προτρέπομαι, προφεύγω, προχέω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">in preference</b>, <b class="b3">προαιροῦμαι, προτιμάω</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">before, beforehand</b>, <b class="b3">προαισθάνομαι, προγίγνομαι, προκαταλαμβάνω</b>, etc.; of <b class="b2">fore</b>sight, <b class="b3">προνοέω, προοράω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> Etymology: cf. Lat. <b class="b3">προ-</b>, Slav. <b class="b2">pro-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">pra-</b>, etc., in compounds.</span> | |Definition=<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">before, forth</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> PREP. WITH GENIT.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before, in front of</b>, ἠγερέθοντο π. ἄστεος <span class="bibl">Od.24.468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.15.351</span>, etc.; π. πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον <span class="bibl">19.292</span>; κείνους κιχησόμεθα π. πυλάων <span class="bibl">10.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.80</span>, etc.; φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε π. νεῶν <span class="bibl">18.172</span>; πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι π. <span class="bibl">8.561</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.581</span>, etc.; κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι π. <span class="bibl">Il.3.3</span>; π. τειχέων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.56</span>; <b class="b3">ἔμπροσθε π</b>. (v.l.) τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, ὄπισθε δὲ τῶν πυλέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.52</span>; <b class="b3">π. δόμων, π. δωμάτων</b>, <b class="b2">in front of</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">outside</b> the house, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.18</span>, <span class="bibl">5.96</span>, etc.; π. θυρῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>109</span> (anap.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὴν π. τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον</b> <b class="b2">before</b> or <b class="b2">off</b> the Heraeum, <span class="bibl">Th.3.75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.22</span>; <b class="b3">π. ποδός</b>, v. [[πούς]] <span class="bibl">1.4a</span>; <b class="b3">π. χειρῶν</b> <b class="b2">at</b> hand, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1279</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Rh.</span>274</span>, dub. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1207</span>; π. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν προφαίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.148</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with Vbs. of motion, π. δ' ἄρ' αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν <span class="bibl">Od. 19.435</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.23.115</span>; π. Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει <span class="bibl">10.286</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.693</span>; π. ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας <span class="bibl">5.96</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">before, in front of</b>, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, π. Τρώων ἑσταότ' <span class="bibl">Il.24.215</span>: hence, <b class="b2">in defence of</b>, μάχεσθαι . . π. τε παίδων καὶ π. γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">8.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.156</span>, <span class="bibl">373</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.74</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀλέσθαι π. πόληος</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">pro patria mori</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.22.110</span>; π. τῆς Σπάρτης ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172</span>,<span class="bibl">9.72</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>18</span>, <span class="bibl">645</span>, etc.; π. τοῦ θανόντος . . ἔθεσθ' ἐπιστροφήν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>134</span>; διακινδυνεῦσαι π. βασιλέως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.4</span>; <b class="b3">βουλεύεσθαι, πράττειν π. τινός</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1.6.42</span>, <span class="bibl">4.5.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.7</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοξευμάτων</b> <b class="b2">as a defence against</b> arrows, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.18</span>: hence also, <b class="b2">for, on behalf of, instead of</b>, <b class="b3">ἀγρυπνῆσαι π. τινῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.6.36</span>, cf. <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.43; of an advocate, π. τῶνδε φωνεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>811</span>; <b class="b3">ὄτι δέ κ' αὐτὸς π. Ειαυτοῦ [ἀμάρτῃ</b>] whatever offence he commits <b class="b2">of</b> his own <b class="b2">volition</b>, Kohler-Ziebarth <b class="b2">Stadtrecht von Gortyn</b> <span class="bibl">p.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο</b> <b class="b2">further on</b> the road, i.e. <b class="b2">forwards, onward</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.382</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>3.16</span>,<span class="bibl">7.29</span> (v. <b class="b3">φροῦδος</b>): also to denote <b class="b2">distance</b>, π. πολλοῦ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">D.H.9.35</span>; π. τριάκοντα σταδίων <b class="b2">at a distance of</b> <span class="bibl">30</span> stades, <span class="bibl">Str.8.6.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ἠοῦς, π. ἑσπέρης τοῦ βωμοῦ</b>, east<b class="b2">wards</b>, west<b class="b2">wards</b> of. ., <span class="title">IG</span>7.235.45 (Orop., iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b2">before</b>, π. γάμοιο <span class="bibl">Od.15.524</span>; ἠῶθι π. <span class="bibl">5.469</span>; <b class="b3">π. ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν</b> one <b class="b2">before</b> the other, <span class="bibl">Il.10.224</span>; more freq. in later writers, π. τῶν Τρωικῶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>; π. τοῦ θανεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>883</span>; π. τοῦ θανάτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>; π. τοῦ λοιμοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>201d</span>; π. δείπνου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.5.39</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἡμέρας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.5.14</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ χρῆσθαι</b> <b class="b2">before</b> one uses it, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">π. μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς</b> <b class="b2">before</b> my doom, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1266</span>; π. τῆς εἱμαρμένης <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.21</span>; π. τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.126</span>, cf. 124; <b class="b3">π. πολλοῦ</b> long <b class="b2">before</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.130</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. μικροῦ, π. ὀλίγου</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>2.116</span>; ὀλίγον π. τούτων <span class="bibl">Th.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τοῦ</b> (v.l. [[τούτου]]) ib.<span class="bibl">15</span>; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ</b> (sts. written <b class="b3">προτοῦ</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1204</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">5.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>418</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>; ὁ π. τοῦ χρόνος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>462</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.58</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ ἤ</b>, = [[πρὶν ἤ]], <span class="title">IG</span>7.2225.22 (Thisbe); οἱ π. ἡμῶν γενόμενοι <span class="bibl">Isoc.13.19</span>; οἱ π. ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.1.97</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in later writers freq. with Numerals, <b class="b3">π. τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν</b> thirty days <b class="b2">before</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>5.52</span>; π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>63</span>; π. ἐνιαυτοῦ Id.2.147e; π. δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ἢ ἐτελεύτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sull.</span>37</span>: freq. c. dupl. gen., <b class="b3">π. δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, π. δύο ὡρῶν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Am.</span>1.1</span>, Dsc.1.64; <b class="b3">π. ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.1</span>, Plu. 2.717d; π. πολλοῦ τῆς ἑορτῆς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sat.</span>14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in rendering Roman dates, <b class="b3">τῇ π. μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων</b>, = <b class="b2">pridie Non. Oct</b>., Plu.2.203a, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> in other relations: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Preference, <b class="b2">before, rather than</b>, <b class="b3">κέρδος αἰνῆσαι π. δίκας</b> to praise sleight <b class="b2">before</b> right, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.140</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>361e</span>; <b class="b3">πᾶν δὴ βουλόμενοι σφίσι εἶναι π. τῆς παρεούσης λύπης</b> anything <b class="b2">before, rather than</b>, their actual trouble, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.152</span> (so, <b class="b2">in order to avoid</b>, π. τοῦ δεινοτάτου <span class="bibl">D.54.19</span>); πᾶν π. τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.5.100</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">4.59</span>; <b class="b3">ἑλέσθαι, αἱρεῖσθαι</b>, or <b class="b3">κρῖναί τι π. τινός</b> to choose one <b class="b2">before</b> another, <span class="bibl">Id.5.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>366b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>57e</span>; <b class="b3">π. πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι</b> to esteem <b class="b2">above</b> much, i.e. very highly, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.138</span>; π. πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμήσασθαί τι <span class="bibl">Th.1.33</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.10</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄλλων</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> others, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>249e</span> (v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>1002</span>; <b class="b3">δυσδαίμων . . π. πασᾶν γυναικῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">927</span> (codd., lyr.); π. πάντων θεῶν τῇ Ἑστίᾳ πρώτῃ προθύειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 401d</span>: after a Comp. it is redundant, ἡ τυραννὶς π. ἐλευθερίης ἀσπαστότερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.62</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>54b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>99a</span>; for <b class="b3">ἤ</b> after ἄλλος, οὐδεὶς ἄλλος π. σεῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of Cause or Motive, <b class="b2">for, from</b>, <b class="b3">π. φόβοιο</b> <b class="b2">for</b> fear, <span class="bibl">Il.17.667</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθλεύων π. ἄνακτος</b> toiling <b class="b2">before the face of</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">in</b> his <b class="b2">service</b>, <span class="bibl">24.734</span>; <b class="b3">π. τῶνδε</b> there <b class="b2">fore</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>495</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: words may be put between <b class="b3">π</b>. and its case, <span class="bibl">Il.23.115</span>; but it does not follow its case, exc. after Ep.forms in <b class="b3">-θι, Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό</b> (v. supr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> <b class="b3">πρό</b>, abs. as ADV.: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐπί</b> (<b class="b2">after</b>), <span class="bibl">Il. 13.799</span>, <span class="bibl">800</span>; <b class="b2">before, in front</b>, <span class="bibl">15.360</span>; <b class="b2">forth, forward</b>, ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε π. φόωσδε <span class="bibl">19.118</span>; <b class="b3">χωρεῖν π. δόμων</b> to come <b class="b2">forth</b> from, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>960</span> (lyr.); ἄγειν τινὰ π. δόμων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>59</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">γῆν π. γῆς ἐλαύνομαι</b> I am driven <b class="b2">on</b> from one land to another, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>682</span>; διώκειν γῆν π. γῆς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>235</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b2">before</b>, πρό οἱ εἴπομεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.37</span>; <b class="b2">earlier</b>, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα π. τ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>32</span>,<span class="bibl">38</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Preps., <b class="b3">ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό</b>, it strengthens the first Prep., or adds to it the notion of <b class="b2">forward, forth</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">D</span> <b class="b3">πρό</b> IN COMPOS. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> with Substs., to denote </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">position before</b> or <b class="b2">in front</b>, <b class="b3">πρόδομος, προάστιον, πρόθυρον, προπύλαια</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">priority of rank</b>, <b class="b3">πρόεδρος, προεδρία</b>, etc.: also <b class="b2">priority of order</b>, <b class="b3">προάγων, πρόλογος, προοίμιον, προπάτωρ</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> standing <b class="b2">in</b> another's <b class="b2">place</b>, <b class="b3">πρόμαντις, πρόξενος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with Adjs., to denote </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">proximity</b>, <b class="b3">πρόχειρος;</b> and <b class="b2">readiness</b>, <b class="b3">πρόθυμος, πρόφρων</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">away</b> (cf. 111.3 infr.), <b class="b3">προθέλυμνος, πρόρριζος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">prematureness</b>, <b class="b3">πρόμοιρος, πρόωρος</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">intensity</b>, <b class="b3">πρόπας, πρόπαρ, προπάροιθε;</b> so also <b class="b3">πρόκακος, πρόπαλαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with Verbs, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> of Place, <b class="b2">before, forwards</b>, <b class="b3">προβαίνω, προβάλλω, προτίθημι</b>, etc.: also, <b class="b2">before, in defence</b>, <b class="b3">προκινδυνεύω, προμάχομαι</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">forth</b>, <b class="b3">προέλκω, προφέρω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">publicly</b>, <b class="b3">προγράφω, προειπεῖν, πρόκειμαι</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">away</b>, <b class="b3">προδίδωμι, προϊάλλω, προϊάπτω, προΐημι, προλείπω, προρέω, προτέμνω, προτρέπομαι, προφεύγω, προχέω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">in preference</b>, <b class="b3">προαιροῦμαι, προτιμάω</b>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">before, beforehand</b>, <b class="b3">προαισθάνομαι, προγίγνομαι, προκαταλαμβάνω</b>, etc.; of <b class="b2">fore</b>sight, <b class="b3">προνοέω, προοράω</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">E</span> Etymology: cf. Lat. <b class="b3">προ-</b>, Slav. <b class="b2">pro-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">pra-</b>, etc., in compounds.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0703.png Seite 703]] <b class="b2">vor</b>. – I. Als <b class="b2">adv</b>. – a) des Orts, <b class="b2">vorn</b>, als Ggstz von ἐπί, Il. 13, 799. 800; Hes. sc. 303;<b class="b2"> voran</b>, οἵ γε προχέοντο [[φαλαγγηδόν]], πρὸ δ' [[Ἀπόλλων]], Il. 15, 360; auch bei Verbis der Bewegung,<b class="b2"> hervor</b>, ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε πρὸ [[φόωσδε]], 19, 118. – b) der Zeit, <b class="b2">vorher</b>, voraus, <b class="b2">zuvor</b>, πρό οἱ εἴπομεν, Od. 1, 37, was auch als Tmesis erklärt werden kann, wir sagten es ihm vorher; früher, Hes. Th. 32. 38. – Die Zusammensetzungen mit Präpositionen, [[ἀποπρό]], [[διαπρό]], [[ἐπιπρό]], [[περιπρό]], [[προπρό]], sind einzeln aufgeführt; πρό behält in allen dendenselben seine ursprüngliche Bdtg, <b class="b2">vorwärts, fort</b>. – Die Vrbdgn mit den Ortsadverbien auf -θι sind unter II. aufgeführt. | |||
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Revision as of 19:11, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
A before, forth: A PREP. WITH GENIT.: I of Place, before, in front of, ἠγερέθοντο π. ἄστεος Od.24.468, cf. Il.15.351, etc.; π. πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον 19.292; κείνους κιχησόμεθα π. πυλάων 10.126, cf. 6.80, etc.; φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε π. νεῶν 18.172; πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι π. 8.561, cf. 10.12, Od.8.581, etc.; κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι π. Il.3.3; π. τειχέων Pi.O.13.56; ἔμπροσθε π. (v.l.) τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, ὄπισθε δὲ τῶν πυλέων Hdt.8.53, cf. 9.52; π. δόμων, π. δωμάτων, in front of, i.e. outside the house, Pi.P.2.18, 5.96, etc.; π. θυρῶν S.El.109 (anap.), etc.; τὴν π. τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον before or off the Heraeum, Th.3.75, cf. 7.22; π. ποδός, v. πούς 1.4a; π. χειρῶν at hand, S.Ant.1279, E. Rh.274, dub. in Tr.1207; π. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν προφαίνεσθαι Aeschin. 2.148. 2 with Vbs. of motion, π. δ' ἄρ' αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν Od. 19.435, cf. Il.23.115; π. Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει 10.286, cf. 13.693; π. ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας 5.96. 3 before, in front of, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, π. Τρώων ἑσταότ' Il.24.215: hence, in defence of, μάχεσθαι . . π. τε παίδων καὶ π. γυναικῶν 8.57, cf. 4.156, 373, Hdt.8.74, etc.; ὀλέσθαι π. πόληος, Lat. pro patria mori, Il.22.110; π. τῆς Σπάρτης ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.7.134, cf. 172,9.72, E.Alc.18, 645, etc.; π. τοῦ θανόντος . . ἔθεσθ' ἐπιστροφήν S.OT134; διακινδυνεῦσαι π. βασιλέως X.Cyr.8.8.4; βουλεύεσθαι, πράττειν π. τινός, ib.1.6.42, 4.5.44, cf. Mem.2.4.7; π. τοξευμάτων as a defence against arrows, Id.An.7.8.18: hence also, for, on behalf of, instead of, ἀγρυπνῆσαι π. τινῶν ib.7.6.36, cf. Leg.Gort.1.43; of an advocate, π. τῶνδε φωνεῖν S.OT10, cf. OC811; ὄτι δέ κ' αὐτὸς π. Ειαυτοῦ [ἀμάρτῃ] whatever offence he commits of his own volition, Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn p.34. 4 π. ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο further on the road, i.e. forwards, onward, Il.4.382, cf. Ael.NA3.16,7.29 (v. φροῦδος): also to denote distance, π. πολλοῦ τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35; π. τριάκοντα σταδίων at a distance of 30 stades, Str.8.6.24. 5 π. ἠοῦς, π. ἑσπέρης τοῦ βωμοῦ, eastwards, westwards of. ., IG7.235.45 (Orop., iv B.C.). II of Time, before, π. γάμοιο Od.15.524; ἠῶθι π. 5.469; π. ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν one before the other, Il.10.224; more freq. in later writers, π. τῶν Τρωικῶν Th.1.3, cf. 1.1; π. τοῦ θανεῖν S.Ant.883; π. τοῦ θανάτου Pl.Phd.57a; π. τοῦ λοιμοῦ Id.Smp.201d; π. δείπνου X.Cyr. 5.5.39; π. ἡμέρας ib.4.5.14; π. τοῦ χρῆσθαι before one uses it, Id.Mem.2.6.6; π. μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς before my doom, A.Ag.1266; π. τῆς εἱμαρμένης Antipho 1.21; π. τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου Aeschin.3.126, cf. 124; π. πολλοῦ long before, Hdt.7.130, etc.; π. μικροῦ, π. ὀλίγου, Plu.Pomp.73, App.BC2.116; ὀλίγον π. τούτων Th.2.8; τὸ π. τοῦ (v.l. τούτου) ib.15; π. τοῦ (sts. written προτοῦ) A.Ag.1204, Hdt.1.122, 5.83, Ar.Th.418, Pl.Smp.173a; ὁ π. τοῦ χρόνος A.Eu.462, Th.2.58, etc.; π. τοῦ ἤ, = πρὶν ἤ, IG7.2225.22 (Thisbe); οἱ π. ἡμῶν γενόμενοι Isoc.13.19; οἱ π. ἐμοῦ Th.1.97. 2 in later writers freq. with Numerals, π. τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν thirty days before, Ael.NA5.52; π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας Plu.Caes.63; π. ἐνιαυτοῦ Id.2.147e; π. δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ἢ ἐτελεύτα Id.Sull.37: freq. c. dupl. gen., π. δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, π. δύο ὡρῶν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς, LXX Am.1.1, Dsc.1.64; π. ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων, Ev.Jo.12.1, Plu. 2.717d; π. πολλοῦ τῆς ἑορτῆς Luc.Sat.14. b in rendering Roman dates, τῇ π. μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων, = pridie Non. Oct., Plu.2.203a, etc. III in other relations: 1 of Preference, before, rather than, κέρδος αἰνῆσαι π. δίκας to praise sleight before right, Pi.P.4.140, cf. Pl.R.361e; πᾶν δὴ βουλόμενοι σφίσι εἶναι π. τῆς παρεούσης λύπης anything before, rather than, their actual trouble, Hdt.7.152 (so, in order to avoid, π. τοῦ δεινοτάτου D.54.19); πᾶν π. τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν Th.5.100, cf.4.59; ἑλέσθαι, αἱρεῖσθαι, or κρῖναί τι π. τινός to choose one before another, Id.5.36, Pl.R.366b, Phlb.57e; π. πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι to esteem above much, i.e. very highly, Isoc.5.138; π. πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμήσασθαί τι Th.1.33, cf.6.10; π. ἄλλων more than others, Pl.Mx.249e (v.l.), cf. A. Th.1002; δυσδαίμων . . π. πασᾶν γυναικῶν ib.927 (codd., lyr.); π. πάντων θεῶν τῇ Ἑστίᾳ πρώτῃ προθύειν Pl.Cra. 401d: after a Comp. it is redundant, ἡ τυραννὶς π. ἐλευθερίης ἀσπαστότερον Hdt.1.62, cf.6.12, Pl.Ap.28d, Cri.54b, Phd.99a; for ἤ after ἄλλος, οὐδεὶς ἄλλος π. σεῦ Hdt.3.85, cf.7.3. 2 of Cause or Motive, for, from, π. φόβοιο for fear, Il.17.667; ἀθλεύων π. ἄνακτος toiling before the face of, i.e. in his service, 24.734; π. τῶνδε there fore, S.El.495 (lyr.). B POSITION: words may be put between π. and its case, Il.23.115; but it does not follow its case, exc. after Ep.forms in -θι, Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό (v. supr.). C πρό, abs. as ADV.: I of Place, before, opp. ἐπί (after), Il. 13.799, 800; before, in front, 15.360; forth, forward, ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε π. φόωσδε 19.118; χωρεῖν π. δόμων to come forth from, S.Tr.960 (lyr.); ἄγειν τινὰ π. δόμων E.Hec.59 (anap.); γῆν π. γῆς ἐλαύνομαι I am driven on from one land to another, A.Pr.682; διώκειν γῆν π. γῆς Ar.Ach.235. II of Time, before, πρό οἱ εἴπομεν Od.1.37; earlier, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα π. τ' ἐόντα Hes. Th.32,38. III when joined with other Preps., ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό, it strengthens the first Prep., or adds to it the notion of forward, forth. D πρό IN COMPOS. I with Substs., to denote 1 position before or in front, πρόδομος, προάστιον, πρόθυρον, προπύλαια, etc. 2 priority of rank, πρόεδρος, προεδρία, etc.: also priority of order, προάγων, πρόλογος, προοίμιον, προπάτωρ, etc. 3 standing in another's place, πρόμαντις, πρόξενος. II with Adjs., to denote 1 proximity, πρόχειρος; and readiness, πρόθυμος, πρόφρων. 2 away (cf. 111.3 infr.), προθέλυμνος, πρόρριζος. 3 prematureness, πρόμοιρος, πρόωρος. 4 intensity, πρόπας, πρόπαρ, προπάροιθε; so also πρόκακος, πρόπαλαι. III with Verbs, 1 of Place, before, forwards, προβαίνω, προβάλλω, προτίθημι, etc.: also, before, in defence, προκινδυνεύω, προμάχομαι, etc. 2 forth, προέλκω, προφέρω. b publicly, προγράφω, προειπεῖν, πρόκειμαι. 3 away, προδίδωμι, προϊάλλω, προϊάπτω, προΐημι, προλείπω, προρέω, προτέμνω, προτρέπομαι, προφεύγω, προχέω. 4 in preference, προαιροῦμαι, προτιμάω, etc. 5 before, beforehand, προαισθάνομαι, προγίγνομαι, προκαταλαμβάνω, etc.; of foresight, προνοέω, προοράω. E Etymology: cf. Lat. προ-, Slav. pro-, Skt. pra-, etc., in compounds.
German (Pape)
[Seite 703] vor. – I. Als adv. – a) des Orts, vorn, als Ggstz von ἐπί, Il. 13, 799. 800; Hes. sc. 303; voran, οἵ γε προχέοντο φαλαγγηδόν, πρὸ δ' Ἀπόλλων, Il. 15, 360; auch bei Verbis der Bewegung, hervor, ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε πρὸ φόωσδε, 19, 118. – b) der Zeit, vorher, voraus, zuvor, πρό οἱ εἴπομεν, Od. 1, 37, was auch als Tmesis erklärt werden kann, wir sagten es ihm vorher; früher, Hes. Th. 32. 38. – Die Zusammensetzungen mit Präpositionen, ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό, sind einzeln aufgeführt; πρό behält in allen dendenselben seine ursprüngliche Bdtg, vorwärts, fort. – Die Vrbdgn mit den Ortsadverbien auf -θι sind unter II. aufgeführt.
