πνεῦμα

English (LSJ)

ατος, τό, (πνέω)

   A blast, wind, first in Anaximen.2, ὅλον τὸν κόσμον π. καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει: freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων A.Pr.1086 (anap.), cf. 1047 (anap.); θαλάσσας . . πνεύματι λάβρῳ Id.Pers.110(lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ Id.Fr.300.3; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου S.Aj.558; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες E.Cyc. 278 (but πνοή is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses πνοιή) ; πνεύματα ἀνέμων Hdt.7.16.ά; τὸ π. κατῄει Th.2.84; κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π. ib.97; τὸ π. λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν Ar.Ra.1003; τὸ π. ἔλαττον γίγνεται Id.Eq.441; εἰ φορὸν π. εἴη X.HG6.2.27; κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος to leeward of him, Arist.HA560b14; but κατὰ π. προσιόντες down wind, ib.535a19; πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις, Epicur. Ep.2pp.44,45 U.; as an element, air, Corp.Herm.1.9, 16; τὸ π. τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν Plot.2.2.2, cf. Porph.Sent.29.    2 metaph., θαλερωτέρῳ π. with more genial breeze or influence, A.Th.708(lyr.); λύσσης π. μάργῳ Id.Pr.884(anap.); αἰδοίῳ π. χώρας with air or spirit of respect on the part of the country, Id.Supp.29(anap.); π. ταὐτὸν οὔποτ' . . ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν the wind is constantly changing even among friends, S.OC612; π. συμφορᾶς E.IT1317; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι π. μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ Id.HF216.    II breathed air, breath, σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη A.Eu.568; αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π., E.Ba.128(lyr.), Ph.787 (lyr., pl.); π. ἀπέρρηξεν βίου the breath of life, A.Pers.507; π. ἀπώλεσεν Id.Th.984 (lyr.); π. ἄθροισον collect breath, E.Ph.851; π. ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι, to give up the ghost, Id.Hec.571, Or.277, Tr.785 (anap.); π. δειμαίνων λιπεῖν Id.Supp.554; π. . . δυσῶδες ἠφίει Th.2.49; πνεύματος διαρροαί the wind-pipe, E.Hec.567; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον Pl.Ti.91c (v. πνεύμων) ; πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b: prov., ἄνθρωπός ἐστι π. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον S.Fr.13.    2 breathing, respiration, freq. in Hp., π. πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον, Epid.2.3.7; π. πυκνότερον Acut.16; π. προσκόπτον checked, difficult breathing, Aph.4.68; π. ἄσημον indistinct, feeble breathing, Epid.6.7.8; π. βηχῶδες Coac.622; π. μετέωρον shallow breathing, Epid.2.3.1; τὸ π. ἔχειν ἄνω to be out of breath, Men.23, cf. Sosicr.1; τὸ π. ἀνήνεγκαν recovered their breath, Hp.Prorrh.2.12 (so without τὸ π. Aph.2.43); but ἀναφέρουσιν . . κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π. they sob . ., Id.Hebd.51.    b pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας Id.Acut.(Sp.)7,al.    3 flatulence, in pl., Eub.107.9, Arist.Pr. 948b25, Dsc.2.112, D.L.6.94.    4 breath of life, π. ζωῆς LXXGe.6.17, 7.15, cf. Plu.Per.13,etc.; π. ἔχειν retain life, Plb.31.10.4; living being, ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην π. Phoen.1.16; οὐ π. πάντα βρότεια σοὶ (sc. Πλούτωνι) νέμεται; IG14.769 (Naples).    5 that which is breathed forth or exhaled, odour, ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς π. E.Hipp.1391; π. βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα, of a tree, Plu.2.647b.    6 Gramm., breathing with which a vowel is pronounced, ib. 1009e (pl.), A.D.Adv.147.18; π. δασύ, ψιλόν, Id.Pron. 78.6, Adv.148.9.    III divine inspiration, ἄγρια . . πνεύματα θευφορίης AP6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον . . ἐνῆν π. τῇ ψυχῇ Pl.Ax.370c; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις π. Plu.2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον . . π. θεοῦ σωτῆρος BMus.Inscr.1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.).    IV the spirit of God, π. θεοῦ LXXGe.1.2, etc.: freq. in NT, τὸ π. τὸ ἅγιον Ev.Marc.3.29,al.    2 spirit of man, εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο π. θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς Men.482.3: in NT, opp. ψυχή, 1 Ep.Thess.5.23, cf. Ep.Rom.8.2; τῷ π., opp. τῷ σώματι, 1 Ep.Cor.5.3; also, opp. γράμμα, Ep.Rom.2.29.    V spiritual or immaterial being, angel, Ep.Hebr.1.14, Apoc.1.4; τὰ ἄχραντα π., τὰ κακὰ π., Iamb.Myst.3.31; π. πονηρόν, ψευδές, LXX Jd.9.23, 3 Ki.22.21, cf. Act.Ap.19.12, 15, Apoc.16.14, Porph. ap. Eus.PE4.23, etc.; ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ π. οὖσα πλήρης (sc. ἡ Πυθία) Plu.2.438b.    VI Rhet., sentence declaimed in one breath, Hermog.Inv.3.10,4.4,al.