ἀποκρίνω

English (LSJ)

[ῑ], fut. -κρῐνῶ,

   A set apart, prob. in Alc.Supp. 5.7, Pherecr.23, Ael.VH12.8; χωρὶς ἀ. Pl.Plt.302c, al.:—Pass., to be parted or separated, ἀποκρινθέντε parted from the throng (of two πρόμαχοι), Il.5.12 (nowhere else in Hom.); πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς Archil.89.3; of the elements in cosmogony, Emp.9.4, Anaxag. 2, Democr.167; ἀπεκρίθη . . τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν Hdt.1.60; χωρίς θηρίων ἡ δίαιτα ἀποκέκριται Id.2.36; ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα to be separated and brought under one name, Th.1.3; οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν, of combatants, separated without decisive result, Id.4.72.    2 Medic. in Pass., to be distinctly formed, Hp.Prog.23; of the embryo, Arist.HA561a17; τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι -όμενα bodily secretions, Hp.VM14; τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀ. Id.Vict.4.89; but ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη all illnesses determined or ended in this alone, Th.2.49; also ᾗ τὰ περιττώματα ἀποκρίνεται are voided, Arist.PA665b24, cf. GA773b35.    3 mark by a distinctive form, distinguish, πρύμνην Hdt.1.194; νόσημά τι ἀποκεκριμένον specific, Pl.R.407d, cf. Arist. Mete.369b29.    II choose, ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον Hdt.6.130; ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ, choose from .., Hdt.3.17,25; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν having set apart, i.e. decreed, one of two, S.OT640.    2 exclude, πλήθει τῶν ψήφων Pl.Lg.946a.    III reject on examination, κρίνειν καὶ ἀ. ib.751d; ἐγκρίνειν καὶ ἀ. ib.936a; ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης decide that one has lost the victory, decide it against one, Arist.Pol.1315b18:—Med., Pl.Lg.966d.    IV Med., ἀποκρίνομαι, fut. -κρῐνοῦμαι, etc.: Pl. uses pf. and plpf. Pass. in med. sense, Prt.358a, Grg.463c, etc., but also in pass. sense (v. infr.):—give answer to, reply to question, dub.1. in Hdt.5.49, 8.101 (elsewh. ὑποκρ-), cf. E.Ba.1271, IA1354; ἀ. τινί Ar.Nu.1245, etc.: metaph., ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρωτημάτων Arr.Epict.2.16.2; ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον, to a questioner or question, Th.5.42, Pl.Prt.338d; ἀ. εἰ . . Ar. V.964; ἀ. ὅτι . . Th.1.90: c. acc., ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν to answer the question, Id.3.61, cf. Pl.Cri.49a, Hp.Ma.287b, Arist.Metaph. 1007a9: c. acc. cogn., ἀ. οὐδὲ γρῦ Ar.Pl.17; οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν Th.8.71; ἀ. ἀπόκρισιν Pl.Lg.658c:—Pass., τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω let this be my answer, Id.Tht.187b; καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο your answer would have been sufficient, Id.Grg.453d, cf.Men.75c,Euthd.299d.    2 answer charges, defend oneself, Ar.Ach.632; ὁ ἀποκρινόμενος the defendant, Antipho 6.18, cf. 2.4.3; ἀπεκρινάμην freq. in legal documents, PHib.1.31.24 (iii B. C.), etc.    3 aor. Pass. ἀπεκρίθη, = ἀπεκρίνατο, he answered, condemned by Phryn.86, is unknown in earlier Att., exc. in Pherecr.51, Pl.Alc.2.149b; but occurs in Machoap.Ath.8.349d, UPZ6.30 (ii B. C.), SIG674.61 (Narthacium, ii B. C.), IG4.679 (Hermione, ii B. C.), Plb.4.30.7, etc.; once in J., AJ9.3.1, twice in Luc., Sol.5, Demon.26; regular in LXX (but sts. ἀπεκρινάμην in solemn language, as 3 Ki.2.1) and prevails in NT esp. in the phrase ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν Ev.Matt.3.15; ἀ. λέγει Ev.Marc.8.20, al., cf. X.An. 2.1.22 codd.: fut. ἀποκριθήσομαι in same sense, LXXIs.14.32, al., Ev.Matt.25.45, Hermog.Inv.4.6.

German (Pape)

[Seite 308] (s. κρίνω), 1) absondern, trennen, Hom. Il. 5, 12 ἀποκρινθέντε; ἀπεκρίθη τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν Her. 1, 60; vgl. 194; ἀποκέκριται δίαιτα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις χωρὶς θηρίων 4, 24; ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους Plat. Rep. VIII, 564 e; χωρὶς ἀποκρίνων Tim. 73 b; ἀποκριτέον, im Ggstz von ἐγκριτέον, Rep. III, 413 d; einzeln bei Sp., αὐτοῖς αἷμα ἀποκρίνεσθαι Theophr. bei Ath. I, 18 c; – auswählen, ἓν δυοῖν κακοῖν Soph. O. R. 640; ἕνα ὑμῶν ἐξαίρετον Her. 6, 130; vgl. 3, 25; weihen, Ἡλίῳ Ael. H, A. 5, 39; von den Excrementen, aussondern, 2, 37. – 2) pass., εἴς τι, sich wohin absondern, hinneigen, πάντα ἐς τοῦτο ἀπεκρίθη Thuc. 2, 49, alle Krankheiten wurden zur Pest; εἰς ἄνεμον βορέην Luc. dea Syr. 28; ἀποκρίνεται εἴς τινα, es fällt auf ihn; Thuc. εἰς ἓν ὄνομα ἀποκεκρίσθαι 1, 3; – auseinandergehen, von streitenden Parteien, 4, 72. – 3) aburtheilen, verwerfen, κρίνειν καὶ ἀποκρίνειν τοὺς ἀξίους Plat. Legg. VI, 751 d; τινὰ τῆς νίκης, Einem den Sieg absprechen, Arist. Polit. 5, 12; ἀποκριθήσομαι Plat. Legg. VII, 820 d. – 4) sich verantworten, Ar. Ach. 607; gew. antworten; Her. nur 5, 49 u. 8, 101, sonst ὑποκρίνασθαι; aber bei den Attikern häufig, τινί τι; πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ ἐρωτώμενον Plat. Prot. 338 d; πρὸς ἅπαντα ἀποκρινεῖσθαι Gorg. 447 c. Das perf. ist pass., καί μοι τοῦτο ἀποκεκρίσθω. Plat. Theaet. 187 b; vgl. Men. 75 c Gorg. 453 d; aber act. 468 c; ταῦτα τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀποκεκριμένοι ἂν ἦμεν Prot. 358 a; Xen. An. 2, 1, 15; ἀποκριτέον Plat. Prot. 351 c. Der aor. ἀποκριθῆναι mit akt. Bdtg als v. l. Xen. An. 2, 1. 22, von den Atticisten verworfen, sicher bei Sp.; Plat. Alc. II, 149 b; N. T. z. B. Matth. 3, 15. 8, 3; vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. 108; ἀποκριθήσομαι LXX.