ἄδρυα
καὶ ὑποθέμενος κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς φέρειν τὰς πληγάς, ὡς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τοῦ τε κακοῦ τοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους → and having instructed them to bring their blows against the head, seeing that the harm to humans ... (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1.50)
English (LSJ)
τά, A = ἀκρόδρυα, Ath.3.83a; Sicilian word, Hsch. II upright pieces of a plough, Id. III (ἀ- copul.) canoes made of hollowed tree-trunks, dug-outs (Cypr.), Id.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἄδρυα: «οἱ στῦλοι ἀρότρου, δι’ ὧν ὁ ἱστοβοεὺς ἁρμόζεται·» προσέτι, «πλοῖα μονόξυλα, Κύπριοι· λέγονται δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῷ ἀρότρῳ στῦλοι. Σικελοὶ δὲ ἄδρυα λέγουσι τὰ μῆλα· παρὰ δὲ Ἀττικοῖς ἀκρόδρυα», Ἡσύχ.
Frisk Etymological English
Meaning: πλοῖα μονόξυλα, Κύπριοι. Λέγονται δε καὶ οἱ ἐν τῳ̃ ἀρότρῳ στῦλοι. Σικελοὶ δε ἄδρυα λέγουσι τὰ μῆλα, παρὰ δε Ἀττικοῖς ἀκρόδρυα. H. Also ἄδρυα· οἱ στῦλοι (poles) ἀρότρου, δι' ὧν ὁ ἱστοβοεὺς ἁρμόζεται. H.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] [214]
Etymology: The first seems from *ἅ-δρυα (consisting) of one (single) tree, ἁ- < *sm̥- and δρῦς. For the meaning one single cf. μώνυχες, s.v. ὄνυξ. But in the third meaning it is a variant of μάδρυα, which is non-IE (s. there), so it is probably folk-etymology (compounds with δρυ- are rare and doubtful; see DELG s.v. δρῦς). (One might consider that the kernel of these stone-fruits, in some cases, easily falls in two parts, which resemble a canoe.) - On the second part nothing can be said. - On the third see μάδρυα.
Frisk Etymology German
ἄδρυα: {ádrua}
Meaning: πλοῖα μονόξυλα. Κύπριοι. ... Σικελοὶ δὲ ἄδρυα λέγουσι τὰ μῆλα, παρὰ δὲ Ἀττικοῖς ἀκρόδρυα. H. Auch οἱ τύλοι ἀρότρου, δι’ ὧν ὁ ἱστοβοεὺς ἁρμόζεται. H.
Etymology : Steht für *ἅδρυα aus éinem Baum bestehend, aus ἁ- und δρῦς. Lit. bei Bq; zu dem Pflanzennamen s. auch Strömberg Wortstudien 46.
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